Analysis of gender perspective in the use of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses: A systematic review

Aim: To identify, describe and analyse the gender perspective in the use of the diagnoses contained in the NANDA-I taxonomy in observational studies published in the scientific literature. Design and methods: A systematic review has been conducted spanning from 2002 to 2020. The most frequent NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in care plans reported in observational studies, and the defining characteristics and related factors identified for men and women have been described. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA-P) have guided our research. The main findings have been summarized using a descriptive narrative synthesis approach.Results: Forty-one articles were included in our study. With regard to gender analysis, the percentage of men and women that make up the sample were not specified in all articles, and half of the studies did not identify gender either in the diagnosis label or in their defining characteristics or related factors. Based on the reviewed articles, gender perspectives are not systematically incorporated in the use of the NANDA-I diagnosis. Therefore, gender biases in its use in the scientific literature may exist. This situation poses barriers to determine the health responses that are different and unequal between women and men

Self-perception in teaching competences in specialized health raining mentors: a cross-sectional study

Introducción. La figura del tutor/a en la formación de residentes es relevante y tiene un importante impacto en la formación del profesional. Es objetivo de este estudio conocer las competencias docentes percibidas por los/las tutores/as de formación sanitaria especializada. Material y métodos. Estudio con diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio, realizado en la Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Costa Ponent. Se emplearon las escalas de competencia de las/los tutores/as (Mentors Competence Instrument) y de competencia cultural de los/las tutores/las (Mentors Cultural Competence Instrument) y 12 preguntas sobre antecedentes. La fiabilidad de las escalas se estimó mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, considerándose como puntuación mínima aceptable 0.70. Resultados. Participó el 100% de la población diana (34 personas). El 50% (n=17) no había participado en formaciones de tutorización previamente. El 44,1% (n=15) hacía menos de una semana que había tutorizado estudiantes. El 35.3% (n=12) planificaba 30 minutos/día para la acción tutorial. El 76.5% (n=26) no tenía experiencia en tutorizar estudiantes con diversidad lingüística y cultural. La mayoría (91.2%; n=31) de las/los tutoras/es se perciben como competentes en: la “reflexión durante la tutorización”, las “características de la tutora o el tutor” y la “motivación del tutor/a”. Conclusión. Las/los participantes perciben poseer un elevado nivel competencial en la tutorización del estudiantado. Sin embargo, autoevalúan como medio-bajo su nivel en competencia cultural como tutor/a. Se requiere una formación en tutorización acreditada y continuada en la competencia docente y que potencie la competencia cultural de la tutorización.Introduction. The role of the mentor in the training of speciality nursing students is relevant and has a relevant impact on the training of the professional. The objective of this study is to know the teaching competencies perceived by the mentors of specialized health training. Material and methods. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and exploratory design study, carried out in the Multiprofessional Teaching Unit for Family and Community Care Costa Ponent. The Mentors Competence Instrument and the Mentors Cultural Competence Instrument were used to assess the participants' self-perceived level of competency. Additionally, different sociodemographic characteristics of the population were also gathered through a 72-item questionnaire. The reliability of the scales was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, considering 0.70 as a minimum acceptable score. Results. 700% of the target population (34) participated in the study: 50% of the sample (n = 77) had not previously participated in mentoring training; 44.1% (n = 75) had mentored students for less than a week; 35.3% (n = 72) planned 30 minutes/ day for the mentoring action; 76.5% (n = 26) had no experience in mentoring students with linguistic and cultural diversity. The majority (97.2%; n = 37) perceived themselves as competent in: "reflection during the mentoring process", the "characteristics of the mentor" and the "motivation of the mentor". Conclusions. The participants perceive that they have a high level of competence in the students mentoring. However, they self-assess their level of cultural competence as a mentor as medium-low. Accredited and continuous training in mentoring is required in teaching competence and enhancing the mentors' cultural competence.Financiación por parte de Grupo de Investigación Enfermería (EC) y Universidad de Alicante

Professional competences to promote healthy ageing across the lifespan: a scoping review

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Defining a competency framework for health and social professionals to promote healthy aging throughout the lifespan: an international Delphi study

The promotion of healthy aging has become a priority in most parts of the world and should be promoted at all ages. However, the baseline training of health and social professionals is currently not adequately tailored to these challenges. This paper reports the results of a Delphi study conducted to reach expert agreement about health and social professionals’ competencies to promote healthy aging throughout the lifespan within the SIENHA project. Materials and methods: This study was developed following the CREDES standards. The initial version of the competence framework was based on the results of a scoping review and following the CanMEDS model. The expert panel consisted of a purposive sample of twenty-two experts in healthy aging with diverse academic and clinical backgrounds, fields and years of expertise from seven European countries. Agreement was reached after three rounds. The final framework consisted of a set of 18 key competencies and 80 enabling competencies distributed across six domains. The SIENHA competence framework for healthy aging may help students and educators enrich their learning and the academic content of their subjects and/or programs and incentivize innovation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Professional competences to promote healthy ageing across the lifespan: a scoping review

As societies age, the development of resources and strategies that foster healthy ageing from the beginning of life become increasingly important. Social and healthcare professionals are key agents in this process; therefore, their training needs to be in agreement with societal needs. We performed a scoping review on professional competences for social and health workers to adequately promote healthy ageing throughout life, using the framework described by Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines. A stakeholder consultation was held in each of the participating countries, in which 79 experts took part. Results show that current literature has been excessively focused on the older age and that more attention on how to work with younger population groups is needed. Likewise, not all disciplines have equally refected on their role before this challenge and interprofessional approaches, despite showing promise, have not been sufciently described. Based on our results, health and social professionals working to promote healthy ageing across the lifespan will need sound competences regarding person-centred communication, professional communication, technology applications, physiological and pathophysiological aspects of ageing, social and environmental aspects, cultural diversity, programs and policies, ethics, general and basic skills, context and self-management-related skills, health promotion and disease prevention skills, educational and research skills, leadership skills, technological skills and clinical reasoning. Further research should contribute to establishing which competences are more relevant to each discipline and at what level they should be taught, as well as how they can be best implemented to efectively transform health and social care systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparing Preferred and Actual Clinical Learning Environments and Perceptions of First-Year Nursing Students in Long-Term Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

The clinical learning environment, which includes the culture of clinical units, the mentoring process, and the different health organizations, influences the learning process of nursing students. However, scarce literature has been published on the impact of the clinical learning environment on first-year nursing students in long-term care. We aimed to assess first-year nursing students ‘preferred’ and ‘actual’ clinical learning environments when conducting their first placements in nursing homes within an innovative placement model that comprised the active participation of academic mentors. The validated Spanish version of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI) instrument was used in our study, and 99 first-year nursing students participated. The highest mean scores for the CLEI-Actual were found for the Satisfaction (22.7) and Involvement scales (19.09). The lowest mean scores were found for the Personalization (17) and Individualization (17.27) scales. The multiple correlation (R) between the Satisfaction and the other CLEI scales was 0.61 (p > 0.001), which means that in this study the association between student satisfaction and their perception of the clinical learning environment was strong. First-year students conducting their first clinical placements in nursing homes can have a positive learning experience considering a well-designed and organized pedagogical strategy, including constant support and feedback from academic and clinical mentors

Dietary patterns and cardiomethabolic health

[spa] Las enfermedades cardiometabólicas son la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial. La prevención primaria de dichas enfermedades es el pilar fundamental para una salud óptima de los adultos, debiendo empezar desde la infancia. La dieta y el ejercicio físico se han reconocido como las estrategias de prevención primaria más efectivas. El estudio de patrones dietéticos permite realizar un análisis detallado y adaptado de los hábitos alimenticios de una población concreta, así como su relación con los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Existen diferentes tipos de clasificaciones para el análisis de patrones dietéticos: a priori y a posterori. La presente tesis pretende analizar la asociación de patrones alimentarios a posteriori con la aparición de enfermedad cardiovascular y síndrome metabólico. Para ello se han realizado dos revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis, así como un tercer estudio donde se han analizado los patrones dietéticos de una cohorte de adultos españoles con elevado riesgo de diabetes. Los resultados de las revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis indican que la adherencia a un patrón dietético prudente/saludable disminuye el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y síndrome metabólico. En el caso de la adherencia a un patrón considerado no prudente o no saludable, en relación a la enfermedad cardiovascular, los resultados, a pesar de mostrar una tendencia de riesgo, no fueron estadísticamente significativos. En el caso del síndrome metabólico, los resultados mostraron una asociación directa, pudiendo establecer que un patrón no saludable aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar síndrome metabólico. En el tercer estudio se pudo observar un distanciamiento en la adherencia del patrón mediterráneo típico de otras cohortes estudiadas en áreas geográficas similares. Además, no se pudo observar ninguna asociación entre la adherencia a los patrones de la población de estudio y la diabetes o el síndrome metabólico. En conclusión, el estudio de los patrones dietéticos permite caracterizar los hábitos alimentarios de una población concreta y su relación con patologías prevalentes.[eng] Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The primary prevention of these diseases is the fundamental basis for achieving an optimum adult health, starting from childhood. Diet and physical activity have been recognized as the most effective primary prevention strategies. The study of dietary patterns allows a detailed and adapted analysis of the dietary habits of a specific population, as well as its relation with the risk factors of developing cardiometabolic diseases. There are different approaches for the analysis of dietary patterns: a priori and a posteriori. The present thesis aims to analyze the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the onset of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, two systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been carried out, as well as a third study where the dietary patterns of a cohort of Spanish adults with high diabetes risk have been analyzed. The first study provides evidence that following a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is protective against all clinical cardiovascular endpoints, except for stroke. In the case of a Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, no direct associations with any of the cardiovascular outcomes were seen. Findings from the second study demonstrate that a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS in cross-sectional studies, and an unhealthy pattern is linked to an increased risk of developing the syndrome. The pooled estimates from the three included prospective cohort studies generally agree with the findings from the cross-sectional studies; however, the protective role of the prudent/healthy dietary pattern was not supported by the 95% confidence interval. Evidence from the third study shows that the dietary patterns of a Mediterranean population at high risk of diabetes can be analyzed in order to tailor interventions and achieve better health outcomes. Despite their participation in a lifestyle intervention aiming to improve the dietary habits of individuals at high diabetic risk, subjects in the third study showed a high degree of adherence to the three non-Mediterranean dietary patterns throughout the four-year follow-up. This is illustrative of the difficulty individuals commonly encounter when attempting to change any habit, and begs the need for alternative strategies to aid the switch to a healthier dietary pattern. However, none of the dietary patterns identified in the present study appeared to be significantly associated with the development of MetS or T2DM. In conclusion, the study of dietary patterns in this thesis allows to a better characterization of the eating habits of a specific population and its relation with prevalent pathologies

Dietary patterns and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Epidemiological studies show that diet is linked to the risk of developing CVD. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and CVD. PubMed was searched for observational studies of data-driven dietary patterns that reported outcomes of cardiovascular events. The association between dietary patterns and CVD was estimated using a randomeffects meta-analysis with 95 % CI. Totally, twenty-two observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risk (RR) for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns in cohort studies was 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·78; I 2=0 %), 0·83 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·92; I 2=44·6 %) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·01; I 2=59·5 %), respectively. The pooled RR of CHD in a case–control comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns was 0·71 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·80; I 2=0 %). The pooled RR for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of western dietary patterns in cohort studies was 1·14 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·42; I 2= 56·9 %), 1·03 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·17; I 2=59·4 %) and 1·05 (95 % CI 0·91, 1·22; I 2=27·6 %), respectively; in case–control studies, there was evidence of increased CHD risk. Our results support the evidence of the prudent/healthy pattern as a protective factor for CVD

Exploring the sensory screening experiences of nurses working in long-term care homes with residents who have dementia: a qualitative study

Background: The prevalence of vision and hearing loss is higher amongst older individuals with dementia, as well as higher in long-term care settings than in the wider community. However, the incidence of sensory impairment is underreported and often goes untreated. In this study, we aimed to understand nurses’ current experiences of screening and caring for long-term care residents who have dementia and sensory impairment. Methods: As part of a larger study on the sensory screening of long-term care residents with dementia, an environmental scan was conducted with front-line healthcare providers. We report here on the findings from the content analysis of individual, semi-structured interviews with nurses working in two long-term care homes in Southern Ontario, Canada. Twenty regulated nurses, including designated resident assessment coordinators, working full- or part-time with individuals who have dementia, participated across the two sites. All interviews were transcribed, and their contents reviewed and coded for themes by means of inductive thematic analysis. Results: Following a systematic and recursive approach, three analysts identified several themes relating to: 1) the sensory screening process, 2) communication strategies, and 3) quality of life, sensory loss, and dementia. Participants reported on the strengths and limitations of screening procedures, what improvements should be made, which informal strategies are effective, and the continued professional development that is needed. Conclusions: Nurses demonstrated insight into the facilitators and barriers to effective screening and care of residents with dementia and sensory impairments, and expressed the need for further education, more suitable screening tools, and formalised accountability within the screening process for vision and hearing loss in these long-term care residents