7,281 research outputs found
Development during adolescence of the neural processing of social emotion
In this fMRI study, we investigated the development between adolescence and adulthood of the neural processing of social emotions. Unlike basic emotions (such as disgust and fear), social emotions (such as guilt and embarrassment) require the representation of another's mental states. Nineteen adolescents (10–18 years) and 10 adults (22–32 years) were scanned while thinking about scenarios featuring either social or basic emotions. In both age groups, the anterior rostral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated during social versus basic emotion. However, adolescents activated a lateral part of the MPFC for social versus basic emotions, whereas adults did not. Relative to adolescents, adults showed higher activity in the left temporal pole for social versus basic emotions. These results show that, although the MPFC is activated during social emotion in both adults and adolescents, adolescents recruit anterior (MPFC) regions more than do adults, and adults recruit posterior (temporal) regions more than do adolescents
Valuation of environmental public goods and services at different spatial scales: a review
To manage environmental problems in an adequate way, it is essential to take different spatial scales into consideration. As a tool for decision making, it would be beneficial if valuation methods take spatial scales into account as well. In this article, we review the valuation literature with regard to the spatial scales of environmental public goods and services to which the contingent valuation method, hedonic pricing method, and travel cost method have been applied in the past. We classified 117 environmental case studies to the local, landscape/watershed, regional, and global scales. These case studies cover a broad range of environmental goods and services, such as green space in a city, air quality, rivers, natural areas, and a stable climate system. Additionally, we took into account the year of publication of the case studies. Our results show that the majority of the environmental case studies are related to the local and landscape/watershed scales. However, the number of case studies on the regional and global scales has been increasing in recent years. This article argues that such a change in spatial scale calls for a debate on scaling issues in the field of environmental valuation.
Development of a scanning electron mirror microscope
Scanning electron mirrors microscope design and developmen
Mode mixing in asymmetric double trench photonic crystal waveguides
e investigate both experimentally and theoretically the waveguiding
properties of a novel double trench waveguide where a conventional single-mode
strip waveguide is embedded in a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab
formed in silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. We demonstrate that the bandwidth
for relatively low-loss (50dB/cm) waveguiding is significantly expanded to
250nm covering almost all the photonic band gap owing to nearly linear
dispersion of the TE-like waveguiding mode. The flat transmission spectrum
however is interrupted by numerous narrow stop bands. We found that these stop
bands can be attributed to anti-crossing between TE-like (positive parity) and
TM-like (negative parity) modes. This effect is a direct result of the strong
asymmetry of the waveguides that have an upper cladding of air and lower
cladding of oxide. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the
effects of cladding asymmetry on the transmission characteristics of the PhC
slab waveguides.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Learning to Dress {3D} People in Generative Clothing
Three-dimensional human body models are widely used in the analysis of human
pose and motion. Existing models, however, are learned from minimally-clothed
3D scans and thus do not generalize to the complexity of dressed people in
common images and videos. Additionally, current models lack the expressive
power needed to represent the complex non-linear geometry of pose-dependent
clothing shapes. To address this, we learn a generative 3D mesh model of
clothed people from 3D scans with varying pose and clothing. Specifically, we
train a conditional Mesh-VAE-GAN to learn the clothing deformation from the
SMPL body model, making clothing an additional term in SMPL. Our model is
conditioned on both pose and clothing type, giving the ability to draw samples
of clothing to dress different body shapes in a variety of styles and poses. To
preserve wrinkle detail, our Mesh-VAE-GAN extends patchwise discriminators to
3D meshes. Our model, named CAPE, represents global shape and fine local
structure, effectively extending the SMPL body model to clothing. To our
knowledge, this is the first generative model that directly dresses 3D human
body meshes and generalizes to different poses. The model, code and data are
available for research purposes at https://cape.is.tue.mpg.de.Comment: CVPR-2020 camera ready. Code and data are available at
https://cape.is.tue.mpg.d
Cluster and nebular properties of the central star-forming region of NGC 1140
We present new high spatial resolution HST/ACS imaging of NGC 1140 and high
spectral resolution VLT/UVES spectroscopy of its central star-forming region.
The central region contains several clusters, the two brightest of which are
clusters 1 and 6 from Hunter, O'Connell & Gallagher, located within
star-forming knots A and B, respectively. Nebular analysis indicates that the
knots have an LMC-like metallicity of 12 + log(O/H) = 8.29 +/- 0.09. According
to continuum subtracted H alpha ACS imaging, cluster 1 dominates the nebular
emission of the brighter knot A. Conversely, negligible nebular emission in
knot B originates from cluster 6. Evolutionary synthesis modelling implies an
age of 5 +/- 1 Myr for cluster 1, from which a photometric mass of (1.1 +/-
0.3) x 10^6 Msun is obtained. For this age and photometric mass, the modelling
predicts the presence of ~5900 late O stars within cluster 1. Wolf-Rayet
features are observed in knot A, suggesting 550 late-type WN and 200 early-type
WC stars. Therefore, N(WR)/N(O) ~ 0.1, assuming that all the WR stars are
located within cluster 1. The velocity dispersions of the clusters were
measured from constituent red supergiants as sigma ~ 23 +/- 1 km/s for cluster
1 and sigma ~ 26 +/- 1 km/s for cluster 6. Combining sigma with half-light
radii of 8 +/- 2 pc and 6.0 +/- 0.2 pc measured from the F625W ACS image
implies virial masses of (10 +/- 3) x 10^6 Msun and (9.1 +/- 0.8) x 10^6 Msun
for clusters 1 and 6, respectively. The most likely reason for the difference
between the dynamical and photometric masses of cluster 1 is that the velocity
dispersion of knot A is not due solely to cluster 1, as assumed, but has an
additional component associated with cluster 2.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Telluric correction in the near-infrared: Standard star or synthetic transmission?
Context. The atmospheric absorption of the Earth is an important limiting
factor for ground-based spectroscopic observations and the near-infrared and
infrared regions are the most affected. Several software packages that produce
a synthetic atmospheric transmission spectrum have been developed to correct
for the telluric absorption; these are Molecfit, TelFit, and TAPAS. Aims. Our
goal is to compare the correction achieved using these three telluric
correction packages and the division by a telluric standard star. We want to
evaluate the best method to correct near-infrared high-resolution spectra as
well as the limitations of each software package and methodology. Methods. We
applied the telluric correction methods to CRIRES archival data taken in the J
and K bands. We explored how the achieved correction level varies depending on
the atmospheric T-P profile used in the modelling, the depth of the atmospheric
lines, and the molecules creating the absorption. Results. We found that the
Molecfit and TelFit corrections lead to smaller residuals for the water lines.
The standard star method corrects best the oxygen lines. The Molecfit package
and the standard star method corrections result in global offsets always below
0.5% for all lines; the offset is similar with TelFit and TAPAS for the H2O
lines and around 1% for the O2 lines. All methods and software packages result
in a scatter between 3% and 7% inside the telluric lines. The use of a tailored
atmospheric profile for the observatory leads to a scatter two times smaller,
and the correction level improves with lower values of precipitable water
vapour. Conclusions. The synthetic transmission methods lead to an improved
correction compared to the standard star method for the water lines in the J
band with no loss of telescope time, but the oxygen lines were better corrected
by the standard star method.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, Accepted to A&
- …