Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Primary and Secondary Prevention Strategies

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single most common cause of death around the world, with an increasing number of people living with coronary heart disease (CHD) (Anderson et al., 2016). Smoking and tobacco use are major risk factors for CVD and are the leading preventable causes of death globally. The chance of developing CVD is reversible and the elimination of tobacco use after a heart attack can reduce an individual\u27s risk of CVD mortality by 36% over two years (Rigotti & Clari, 2013). Smoking cessation is the central element of primary and secondary prevention strategies. Primary interventions can include aspirin and statin therapy, while secondary preventions include, but are not limited to, exercise-based rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions. The purpose of this project is to determine whether primary or secondary interventions are more effective in reducing the risk of developing CVD. To answer the clinical question, a thorough review of the literature was organized in the databases, Cochrane Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, CINAHL, and PubMed Clinical Queries. The search yielded relevant sources of evidence which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evidence included systematic reviews and randomized control trials. The findings regarding the best interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease will be presented. These findings will assist healthcare providers in implementing the best quality of care to their patients

Librarians, Put on Your Boxing Gloves: Some Things Are Worth Fighting For

During a time when library budgets are being cut, it is very possible for librarians to give up the fight and focus their attention on acquiring only the “necessary” items. Some Indiana library media specialists (LMS) might determine non-fiction books to support research and enough Young Hoosier titles to participate in the Indiana Library Federation’s recreational reading program as necessities. While at the same time, other LMS in our state are fighting in a larger boxing ring: one where the match is on an even more personal level. They are trying to convince administrators not to make them a part of the special teaching rotation because of the impact of flexible scheduling, or worse, librarians are trying to convince administrators that library media centers (LMC) do not reach their greatest achievement when librarian positions are axed and paraprofessionals administer the library

Effectiveness of Circadian countermeasures in simulated transmeridian flight schedules

The symptoms of jet-lag commonly afflict travelers who cross time zones. Insomnia during the new night, daytime fatigue, malaise, sleepiness, and gastrointestinal disturbances can occur for as long as 3 weeks after jet travel across even a few time zones. These symptoms are largely due to the slow rate of adjustment of the internal circadian timing system to the new time zone. Since business (or pleasure) can be seriously interrupted by such symptoms, it is important to determine ways to speed up the adjustment process to ameliorate the symptoms. Airline pilots have reported that they frequently nap to counter jet lag symptoms, and that they view this as a useful technique. Napping as a countermeasure would be attractive since it is practical and would take advantage of a naturally occurring phase of sleepiness after lunch. Napping also makes sense since insomnia is a common jet lag symptom. Thus, a laboratory simulation of jet lag was designed to test the ability of napping to increase the rate of adjustment following a time zone shift in a population of middle-aged men

"Marcher comme une reine / Nager comme une sirène". Verbele de deplasare şi complementele de mod introduse prin "comme"

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to explore the relation between lexical and syntactic encoding of the manner in French by styding the combinatory of a small set of manner of motion verbs with comparative comme clauses (e.g. Maria marche comme une reine. 'Maria is walking as a queen'). Following Stosic (2009), we assume that the manner interpretation of some motion verbs is due to the presence in their lexical meaning of some more basic features such as : SPEED (courir 'run'), BEARING/POSTURE (marcher 'walk', boiter 'limp'), FORCE (jaillir 'gush out'), AIMLESSNESS (errer 'wander about'), and so on. According to Moline (2008), we make a hypothesis that the comparative comme clauses combined with such verbs instantiate the semantic feature that activate a manner interpretation of studied verbs. We also take into account some motion verbs that do not express manner such as monter 'go up', tomber ' and descendre 'go down' in order to bring to the fore the meaning of comparative comme clauses following them. This corpus based study finally shows that in many cases ther is a very strict correlation between manner features encoded by verbs and the meaning of comme clauses. However, this correlation is not always displayed which is due to the fact that manner complementation can apply to many other features of the lexical meaning of the verb.L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner le rapport entre le condage lexical et l'expression syntaxique de la manière en français à travers l'étude de la combinatoire de quelques verbes de manière de déplacement avec les propositions comparatives en comme (ex. Maria marche comme une reine). Dans le prolongement de Stosic (2009), nous partons de l'idée que l'interprétation de manière observable dans le cas de nombreux verbes de déplacement est due à la présence dans leur sens de traits tels : VITESSE (courir), ALLURE (marcher, boiter), FORCE (jaillir), ABSENCE DE BUT (errer), etc. En suivant Moline (2008), nous faisons l'hypothèse que les comparatives en comme combinées avec de tels verbes instancient le trait à l'origine de l'interprétation de manière. Nous étudions également quelques verbes neutres du point de vue de la manière (ex. monter, descendre, etc.) pour définir à la fois le rôle et le sens des comparatives susceptibles de les accompagner. Il s'agit d'une étude sur corpus

Marcher comme une reine/ Nager comme une sirène. Les verbes de déplacement et les compléments de manière en comme

The aim of this paper is to explore the relation between lexical and syntactic encoding of manner in French by studying the combinatory potential of a small set of manner of motion verbs with comparative comme ‘as’ clauses (e.g. Maria marche comme une reine. ‘Maria walks like a queen’). Following Stosic (2009), we assume that the manner interpretation of some motion verbs is due to the presence in their lexical meaning of some more basic features such as: speed (courir ‘run’), bearing / posture (marcher ‘walk’, boiter ‘limp’), force (jaillir ‘gush out’), aimlessness (errer ‘wander about’). In accordance with Moline (2008), we hypothesize that the comparative comme clauses combined with such verbs instantiate the semantic feature that activates a manner interpretation of the studied verbs. We also take into account some motion verbs that do not express manner such as monter ‘go up’, tomber ‘fall’ and descendre ‘go down’ in order to bring to the fore the meaning of comparative comme clauses following them. This corpus-based study finally shows that in many cases there is a very strict correlation between manner features encoded by verbs and the meaning of comme clauses. However, this correlation does not always hold, owing to the fact that manner complementation can apply to many other features of the lexical meaning of the verb

Comparación de técnicas para el aislamiento y recuento de levaduras y hongos dimórficos del filoplano de Nothofagus pumilio

El filoplano es un importante hábitat de microorganismos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo probar distintos métodos para el aislamiento de levaduras y hongos dimórficos del filoplano de Nothofagus pumilio, la especie arbórea dominante de Patagonia. Los métodos probados fueron la impresión sobre medio sólido, agitación vertical con agua durante distintos tiempos, con la adición de surfactante (Tween 80) o abrasivos (arena); macerado y ultrasonido. Se estableció un método que combina la agitación vertical con la aplicación de ultrasonido como metodología apropiada para el aislamiento y recuento. Con este método se determinó que la densidad de levaduras y hongos dimórficos en el filoplano de N. pumilio osciló entre las 10 y 103 unidades formadoras de colonias sobre cm2, valores entre 10 y 100 veces inferiores a los observados para otras especies arbóreas. También se estableció al hongo dimórfico Aureobasidium pullulans como la especie dominante de este ambiente.Comparison of techniques for isolation and enumeration of yeast and yeast like fungi from Nothofagus pumilio phylloplane. The phylloplane is an important habitat for microorganisms. This study aimed to test different methods for the isolation of yeasts and dimorphic fungi from the phylloplane of Nothofagus pumilio, the dominant tree species in Patagonia. The tested methods included printing on agar, vertical agitation on water, with the addition of surfactant compounds (Tween 80) or abrasive material (sand), maceration and ultrasound treatment. A method that combines the vertical agitation, with application of ultrasound was established as the most appropriated for the isolation and enumeration. With this method it was determined that the density of yeasts and dimorphic fungi in the phylloplane of N. pumilio ranged between 10 and 103 colony forming units per cm2, values between 10 and 100 times lower than those observed for other tree species. Also, the dimorphic fungi Aureobasidium pullulans was determined as the dominant fungal species in this environment.Fil: Muñoz, Mario Iván. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Moline, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Libkind Frati, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Evo-devo and the search for homology ("sameness”) in biological systems

Developmental biology and evolutionary studies have merged into evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo”). This synthesis already influenced and still continues to change the conceptual framework of structural biology. One of the cornerstones of structural biology is the concept of homology. But the search for homology ("sameness”) of biological structures depends on our favourite perspectives (axioms, paradigms). Five levels of homology ("sameness”) can be identified in the literature, although they overlap to some degree: (i) serial homology (homonomy) within modular organisms, (ii) historical homology (synapomorphy), which is taken as the only acceptable homology by many biologists, (iii) underlying homology (i.e., parallelism) in closely related taxa, (iv) deep evolutionary homology due to the "same” master genes in distantly related phyla, and (v) molecular homology exclusively at gene level. The following essay gives emphasis on the heuristic advantages of seemingly opposing perspectives in structural biology, with examples mainly from comparative plant morphology. The organization of the plant body in the majority of angiosperms led to the recognition of the classical root-shoot model. In some lineages bauplan rules were transcended during evolution and development. This resulted in morphological misfits such as the Podostemaceae, peculiar eudicots adapted to submerged river rocks. Their transformed "roots” and "shoots” fit only to a limited degree into the classical model which is based on either-or thinking. It has to be widened into a continuum model by taking over elements of fuzzy logic and fractal geometry to accommodate for lineages such as the Podostemacea

Developmental morphology of branching flowers in Nymphaea prolifera

Nymphaea and Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae) share an extra-axillary mode of floral inception in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Some leaf sites along the ontogenetic spiral are occupied by floral primordia lacking a subtending bract. This pattern of flower initiation in leaf sites is repeated inside branching flowers of Nymphaea prolifera (Central and South America). Instead of fertile flowers this species usually produces sterile tuberiferous flowers that act as vegetative propagules. N. prolifera changes the meristem identity from reproductive to vegetative or vice versa repeatedly. Each branching flower first produces some perianth-like leaves, then it switches back to the vegetative meristem identity of the SAM with the formation of foliage leaves and another set of branching flowers. This process is repeated up to three times giving rise to more than 100 vegetative propagules. The developmental morphology of the branching flowers of N. prolifera is described using both microtome sections and scanning electron microscop