Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms in Faba Bean (Vicia faba) against Broomrape Species (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.)

Faba bean (Vicia faba) production in Mediterranean and Near East agriculture is severely constrained by broomrape infection. The most widely distributed broomrape species affecting faba bean is Orobanche crenata, although O. foetida and Phelipanche aegyptiaca are of local importance. Only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Rizotrons studies allowed the dissection of resistance components in faba bean accessions against the very infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri and P. aegyptiaca, and to the inappropriate P. ramosa and O. foetida var. foetida. Results confirm that some levels of incomplete resistance are available, resulting in a reduced number of broomrape tubercles successfully formed per faba bean plant. Interestingly, the intermediate levels of resistance of cv. Baraca were operative against all broomrape populations and species studied, confirming previous reports on the stability of resistance of Baraca in field trials in different countries. Low induction of seed germination played a major role in the resistance against the inappropriate O. foetida var. foetida but not against the also inappropriate P. ramosa, neither to the infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri, or P. aegyptiaca. Negative tropism of germinated seeds with radicles growing away from faba bean roots was marked for both inappropriate species but was not observed in any of the infective species. Also, a proportion of radicles that had successfully contacted faba bean roots became necrotic, failing in starting tubercle development, particularly frequent for the two inappropriate species. Such necrosis was significant also on radicles contacting resistant faba bean accessions, being particularly relevant for Spanish O. crenata population, and lower although still significant in some accessions against Syrian O. crenata and P. aegyptiaca, suggesting that this might also be an operative mechanism to be selected and further exploited in faba bean resistance breeding. Even formed broomrape tubercles might later become necrotic, particularly in the case of some of the resistant faba bean accessions to the Spanish O. crenata and to P. aegyptiaca but not to the very infective Syrian O. crenata or O. foetida var. broteri.Authors are greatly indebted to European Union projects FP7-ARIMNet-Medileg and FP7-LEGATO (grant agreement 613551) for financial support.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Efectos de las start-ups en un contexto de información asimétrica

El objetivo del presente trabajo será entender cómo el nacimiento de las startups revolucionaron los mercados. Buscaremos ver el impacto de las start-ups en un contexto de información asimétrica y explicar como se ve afectado el bienestar de la sociedad

Validación del Cuestionario de Signos observables asociados a la Inhibición Psicomotriz (SIP)

The aim of this article is to introduce the validation of a screening tool: the Psychomotor Inhibition Signs Questionnaire (SIP; Saal, 2019). A total of 675 children aged 5 to 10 years attending the three first years of elementary schools of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires took part in the study. A bidimensional structure: inhibition and obedience, was obtained by exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency was adequate for both dimensions: inhibition, α = .92; obedience, α = .80. Even if both factors are conceptually relevant, the first factor’s score was found to be a better screening measure for psychomotor inhibition. Cut-off point was established at 35.5 where high levels of sensitivity (.78) and specificity (.72) were obtained. The area under the ROC curve was .79 (p < .001). In sum, these results suggest that this tool is valid and reliable for screening psychomotor inhibition.El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la validación de un instrumento de despistaje: el Cuestionario de Signos observables asociados a la Inhibición Psicomotriz (SIP; Saal, 2019). Participaron 675 niños de entre 5 y 10 años que asistían al primer ciclo de escuelas primarias del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló una estructura bidimensional: inhibición y obediencia. Ambas dimensiones presentan una buena consistencia interna: inhibición, α = .92; obediencia, α = .80. Si bien ambos factores son conceptualmente relevantes, el puntaje del primer factor se presentó como mejor medida para el rastrillaje de la inhibición psicomotriz en niños de primer ciclo. Tuvo un punto de corte de 35.5 que ofrece la mejor combinación de sensibilidad (.78) y especificidad (.72). El área bajo la curva ROC fue de .79 (p < .001). En conclusión, el SIP presenta adecuados indicadores de validez y confiabilidad para su uso como instrumento de despistaje

¿Indisciplina, agresividad o convivencia? Un problema emergente en las aulas escolares

 En este artículo se sigue la estructura de un proceso de investigación cualitativa en el aula, desarrollado en cuatro grandes componentes: el contexto del problema, un referente teórico, la metodología, los hallazgos predominantes y las conclusiones, con sus correspondientes implicaciones pedagógicas

Un recorrido para construir la ruta de la innovación educativa en Bogotá

El artículo da a conocer la investigación que impulsa el IDEP para caracterizar los proyectos de innovación que adelantan los docentes y directivos en los colegios de Bogotá y la forma como estos impactan a las comunidades de su entorno, se constituye en una manera de reconocer la importancia de este trabajo para la transformación de las realidades de los estudiantes y el cumplimiento de la garantía del derecho a la educación