Reflexiones Antropológicas sobre la Medicalización

Schmerz, chronische Krankheiten und Sterben kann aus anderen Blickwinkeln untersucht werden, als dem des biomedizinischen Modells, den Perspektiven und Modellen der Psychologie, der Palliativ- und Sterbebegleitung oder der Schmerztherapie. URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022102511002581902415DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7118469Its possible to study pain, chronic illness and death from different angles, apart from the biomedical approach, or the perspectives and models of psychology, the palliative and terminal care view, and even more so, to the branch of medicine that scientifically studies pain and its treatment, algology.Podemos estudiar el dolor, las enfermedades crónicas y la muerte desde ángulos distintos al modelo biomédico, a las perspectivas y modelos de la psicología, a los cuidados paliativos y los cuidados terminales, y más aún, a la rama de la medicina que estudia de forma científica el dolor y su tratamiento, la algología. URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022102510580188119520DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.711845

Apuntes Iniciales Sobre Epistemología Yulu

Initial notes on epistemology Yulu (epistemologies from the heart), alluding to the center of the American region, is a thesis about the production of knowledge from Central America and the Caribbean. Above all, it refers to knowledge that respects and makes ancestral wisdom visible, from a Nahuat nosological triangle. The punctual distinction of this text consists of providing basic and initial principles about the generation of knowledge from the first nations - native people of Central America and the Caribbean- in a constant dialogue between disciplines. It is proposed as a method to counteract epistemicide, and as an example it shows how Castilian-centrism and simple-linear translations make ancestral knowledge invisible. It reviews the root and syntax of “Yul” in different sources and also raises the split between sciences and the absence of a heterogeneous perspective to address phenomena, such as the case of linguistics and anatomy. The article describes two main columns of Yulu epistemology: creativity and pedagogy. Both spheres articulated in a methodological precision and a heterogeneous perspective of the phenomena. The work reviews the intercultural competences of UNESCO, and is a first approximation about the being and doing of people who seek to be part of Yulu epistemology, whose main goal is to promote dignity of the native people of Central America and the Caribbean. From the rescue and visibility of their ancestral knowledge, in harmony with their identity.Apuntes iniciales sobre epistemología Yulu (epistemologías del corazón), en alusión al centro de la región de América, es una tesis acerca de la producción de conocimiento desde Centroamérica y el Caribe. Sobre todo, refiere el conocimiento que respete y visibilice la sabiduría ancestral, desde un triángulo nosológico del náhuat. La distinción puntual de este texto consiste en aportar principios básicos e iniciales acerca de la generación de conocimiento desde los pueblos originarios de Centroamérica y el Caribe, en un diálogo constante entre disciplinas. Se plantea como un método para contrarrestar el epistemicidio y, en ejemplo, muestra cómo el castellano-centrismo y las traducciones simples y lineales invisibilizan el conocimiento ancestral. Revisa la raíz y la sintaxis de Yul en diferentes fuentes y también plantea la escisión entre las ciencias y la ausencia de una perspectiva heterogénea para abordar los fenómenos, como el caso de la lingüística y la anatomía. El artículo describe las dos columnas principales de la epistemología Yulu: la creatividad y la pedagogía. Ambas esferas se articulan en un rigor metodológico y una perspectiva heterogénea de los fenómenos. El trabajo revisa las competencias interculturales de la UNESCO, al ofrecer una primera aproximación acerca del ser y quehacer de las personas que buscan formar parte de la epistemología Yulu. Su meta principal es promover la dignidad de los pueblos originarios de Centroamérica y El Caribe a partir del rescate y visibilización de su saber ancestral, en armonía con su identidad

PROGRESS REPORT Global Country Policy Review: A humanitarian comparative analysis on drug policies, on the basis of the Rome Consensus 2.0

This report advances our global understanding of drug policy by focusing on two key components: a bibliometric analysis and the creation of preliminary country profiles. We aim to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities within drug policy globally, emphasizing how these aspects can be better aligned with humanitarian principles, Rome Consensus 2.0, and Sustainable Development. Importantly, as the world has recognized the inability of the War on Drugs as a strategy to reduce drug use or drug-related crime, which is to say, to make us more safe and healthier (the two aims of the War on Drugs), this Project provides a new vision for where nations can go next that achieves the desired public safety and public health aspects all peoples want to see in their own communities and countries. Drawing from the preliminary insights, the report advocates for a more holistic and evidence-driven approach to drug policy. This entails broadening support for harm reduction, improving treatment services and the professional workforce, encouraging international collaboration to address the challenges of the transnational illicit drug trade, and reassessing policies that perpetuate stigma. Serving as an overview for the upcoming Global Policy Review (GPR), this report emphasizes the importance of drug policy frameworks that respect human dignity and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, with intentions to expand the review to more UN member states and provide bi-annual updates

Estigma y Discriminacion Relacionado con el Abuso de Sustancias

Over the past few decades, international research has documented that stigma and discrimination is one of the major barriers to care in the field of drug abuse worldwide. Objective: To show the findings of the international literature about specific populations that experience stigma or discrimination as one of the main barriers to care in substance abuse as well as to account for the development of public policies against stigma in mental health and addictions in consonance with goals 3, 10 and 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals.En las últimas décadas, se ha documentado en la investigación a nivel internacional, que el estigma y la discriminación constituyen una de las principales barreras para la atención en el ámbito del abuso de drogas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Mostrar los hallazgos de la literatura internacional acerca de poblaciones específicas que experimentan estigma o discriminación como una de las principales barreras para la atención en el abuso de sustancias así como dar cuenta del desarrollo de políticas públicas anti estigma en salud mental y adicciones en consonancia con los objetivos 3, 10 y 16 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

Development and evaluation of a nanofiber membrane in vitro as a therapeutic alternative for the post treatment in breast cancer cell in a murine model

Worldwide female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020, reason for the need of targeted therapies that can maximize treatment success and minimize toxicity. Nanoparticles of gold (AuNps) exhibit cytotoxic properties against certain types of cancer cell lines. Nanofibers have been use in the drug delivery systems due to its degradability and high surface area. We proposed a membrane with nanometric fibers using polivinilic alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (Qts) loaded with AuNps and Doxorubicin (Doxo) with the purpose of diminish tumor regression. PVA-Qts membrane was develop with electrospinning, the injection, voltage, distance and relative humidity parameters were standardized and it were characterized by Microscopic Atomic Force. The cytotoxicity with a median lethal dose (DL50) in two cell lines, breast adenocarcinoma murine (4T1) and murine fibroblast (NiH3T3) as a healthy control were evaluated. AuNps had a size of 3 nanometers (nm) with a Z potential of 13.2 mVolts and a DL50 of 75 µM in the cell line 4T1. Doxo was decrease in 95% with a final concentration of 0.03 mg/cm2. Both doses were loaded in the PVA-Qts solution. PVA-Qts-Doxo and PVA-Qts-AuNps-Doxo decrease the viability in 4T1 in 24 hours with a 15%, 72 hours with a 28%, the first with 60% and the latter with 82%. PVA-Qts-Doxo and PVA-Qts-AuNps-Doxo in NiH3T3 diminish incrementing with the time reaching a 40% in 120 hours. Finally, The viability for 4T1 cultured on PVA-Qts-Doxo was minor than in NiH3T3. The amount of Doxo in the membrane synthetized was 95% less than the employ doses, demonstrating that the fiber improves the delivery of the chemotherapeutic in a palatine time

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization on Cadmium‐Mediated Oxidative Stress in Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Cadmium is a heavy metal (HM) that inhibits plant growth and leads to death, causing great losses in yields, especially in Cd hyperaccumulator crops such as Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean), a worldwide economically important legume. Furthermore, Cd incorporation into the food chain is a health hazard. Oxidative stress (OS) is a plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses with an intracellular burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) association is a plant strategy to cope with HM and to alleviate OS. Our aim was to evaluate the mitigation effects of mycorrhization with AMF Rhizophagus intraradices on soybean growth, nutrients, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of different antioxidant agents under Cd (0.7–1.2 mg kg−1 bioavailable Cd) induced OS. Our results suggest that glutathione may act as a signal molecule in a defense response to Cd-induced OS, and mycorrhization may avoid Cd-induced growth inhibition and reduce Cd accumulation in roots. It is discussed that R. intraradices mycorrhization would act as a signal, promoting the generation of a soybean cross tolerance response to Cd pollution, therefore evidencing the potential of this AMF association for bioremediation and encouragement of crop development, particularly because it is an interaction between a worldwide cultivated Cd hyperaccumulator plant and an AMF–HM–accumulator commonly present in soils.Fil: Molina, Alicia Susana. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Lugo, Mónica Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Chaca, María V.. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zirulnik, Fanny. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Leporati, Jorge Leandro. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Ferrol, Nuria. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Azcón González de Aguilar, Concepción. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; Españ

DAMIC at SNOLAB

We introduce the fully-depleted charge-coupled device (CCD) as a particle detector. We demonstrate its low energy threshold operation, capable of detecting ionizing energy depositions in a single pixel down to 50 eVee. We present results of energy calibrations from 0.3 keVee to 60 keVee, showing that the CCD is a fully active detector with uniform energy response throughout the silicon target, good resolution (Fano ~0.16), and remarkable linear response to electron energy depositions. We show the capability of the CCD to localize the depth of particle interactions within the silicon target. We discuss the mode of operation and unique imaging capabilities of the CCD, and how they may be exploited to characterize and suppress backgrounds. We present the first results from the deployment of 250 um thick CCDs in SNOLAB, a prototype for the upcoming DAMIC100. DAMIC100 will have a target mass of 0.1 kg and should be able to directly test the CDMS-Si signal within a year of operation.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, proceedings prepared for 13th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2013

Left ventricular Myocardial dysfunction in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement: A door to improving diagnosis.

Background: Diagnostic Task Force Criteria (TFC) for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) exhibit poor performance for left dominant forms. TFC only include right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (akinesia, dyssynchrony, volumes and ejection fraction). Moreover, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) assessment of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony has hitherto not been described. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively characterize LV CMRI behavior in AC patients. Methods: Thirty-five AC patients with LV involvement and twenty-three non-affected family members (controls) were enrolled. Feature-tracking analysis was applied to cine CMRI to assess LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV endsystolic and end-diastolic volume indexes, strain values and dyssynchrony. Regions with more frequent strain and dyssynchrony impairment were also studied. Results: Radial dyssynchrony and LVEF were selected (sensitivities 54.3% and 48.6%, respectively at 100% specificity), with a threshold of 70 ms for radial dyssynchrony and 48.5% for LVEF. 71.4% of patients exceeded these thresholds (31.4% both, 22.9% only dyssynchrony and 17.1% only LVEF). Considering these cut-off values as a novel combined criterion, 30% of patients with 'borderline' or 'possible' AC following 2010 TFC would move to a 'definite' AC diagnosis. Strain was globally impaired whereas dyssynchronous regions were more often apical and located at the inferolateral wall. Conclusions: Mirroring the RV evaluation, we suggest including LVEF and LV dyssynchrony to improve the diagnosis of AC. Two independent mechanisms can be claimed in AC patients with LV involvement: 1) decreased myocardial deformation with global LV affectation and 2) delayed myocardial contraction at localized regions

Biología floral y polinización de Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) en Ixtapan del Oro, Estado de México (México)

En el presente estudio se describen algunas de las adaptacionesde las flores de Ipomoea murucoides con respecto a su interaccióncon los visitantes florales así como el sistema de reproducción se-xual en una Selva Baja Caducifolia de México. La antesis crepus-cular, el patrón en la producción de néctar y la concentración deazúcares, el pedicelo robusto y el color y tamaño de las flores soncongruentes con el síndrome floral de la quiropterofília. No obs-tante, se observó que además del murciélago Anoura geoffroyi, lasflores de I. murucoides también las visitaron durante el día colibrí-es (Colibri thalassinus, Eugenes fulgens y Heliomaster constantii),abejas carpinteras (Xylocopa guatemalensis y X. tenuata) y esca-rabajos (Cerambycidae). Los murciélagos, al ser los primeros visi-tantes de las flores, resultaron ser los polinizadores más importan-tes de I. murucoides, una especie alógama y, al parecer, autoin-compatible