Investigation on the Electrical Properties of CdO/ZnO thin films using THz Spectroscopy

In this work, we study the electrical properties of transparent conducting oxides using physical and optical techniques. The objective is to characterize the conductivity of a series of cadmium oxide zinc-oxide thin films with varying cadmium concentrations using three methods. The Hall Effect estimates carrier concentration, sheet conductivity, and carrier mobility. Optical methods, such as FTIR spectroscopy, can provide estimates of the plasma frequency, which describes a metal’s transition from being transparent to opaque to light. THz spectroscopy extracts the complex conductivity of materials in the far infrared spectrum and provides insights on the optical transport properties of conductors. Our findings show that DC/AC measurements of the conductivity of Cd/ZnO thin films exhibit frequency independent conductivity, indicating that the films are homogeneous Drude metals

Being Shocked into Paying Attention

This film review of 13th is featured in the journal Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities, volume 6

A model for high-mass microquasar jets under the influence of a strong stellar wind

Context. High-mass microquasars (HMMQs) are systems from which relativistic jets are launched. At the scales of several times the binary system size, the jets are expected to follow a helical path caused by the interaction with a strong stellar wind and orbital motion. Such a trajectory has its influence on the non-thermal emission of the jets, which also depends strongly on the observing angle due to Doppler boosting effects. Aims: We explore how the expected non-thermal emission of HMMQ jets at small scales is affected by the impact of the stellar wind and the orbital motion on the jet propagation. Methods: We studied the broadband non-thermal emission, from radio to gamma rays, produced in HMMQ jets up to a distance of several orbital separations, taking into account a realistic jet trajectory, different model parameters, and orbital modulation. The jet trajectory is computed by considering momentum transfer with the stellar wind. Electrons are injected at the position where a recollimation shock in the jets is expected due to the wind impact. Their distribution along the jet path is obtained assuming local acceleration at the recollimation shock, and cooling via adiabatic, synchrotron, and inverse Compton processes. The synchrotron and inverse Compton emission is calculated taking into account synchrotron self-absorption within the jet, free-free absorption with the stellar wind, and absorption by stellar photons via pair production. Results: The spectrum is totally dominated by the jet over the counter-jet due to Doppler boosting. Broadband emission from microwaves to gamma rays is predicted, with radio emission being totally absorbed. This emission is rather concentrated in the regions close to the binary system and features strong orbital modulation at high energies. Asymmetric light curves are obtained owing to the helical trajectory of the jets.Fil: Molina, E.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: del Palacio, Santiago. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Bosch Ramon, Valentí. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

De pan de pobres a sofisticado aditivo. Tecnología e innovación en torno a la industria de la algarroba: el caso balear (1930-2010)

El uso principal de la algarroba era, hasta hace apenas cincuenta años, el de alimento para el ganado. Su aportación al sostenimiento de explotaciones agrícolas pequeñas y medianas en la época anterior a la mecanización masiva está fuera de duda. Sin embargo, tras un largo proceso de decadencia desde los años cincuenta, el fruto y la semilla del algarrobo se revalorizaron como materia prima para la obtención de aditivos alimentarios como la goma de garrofín o E-410 según el Codex Alimentarius de la FAO y la OMS. Baleares, que históricamente fue una de las principales regiones productoras de algarrobas a nivel mundial, ha sido también desde los años treinta del pasado siglo una adelantada en los procesos industriales de transformación de dicho fruto. Las empresas mallorquinas protagonizaron tempranamente un proceso de concentración productiva que favoreció la investigación y la innovación así como claros intentos de cartelizar el sector. En la actualidad su presencia en los mercados internacionales sigue siendo relevante

The tourism revolution in the Mediterranean, 1950-2005

The explosion of mass tourism since the end of the Second World War has had a tangible effect on crucial flows of manpower, investment and production strategy towards the leisure economy in a large part of the world, with changes that take us back to what occurred two hundred years earlier in the heat of the Industrial Revolution. However, perhaps it is in particular areas (as was the case with the thrust of industrialisation) such as the Mediterranean basin, where this view can be identified more accurately. Both approaches are reflected in the key objectives of the work. In the first section of this research we discuss the major figures available on the growth of tourism since the Second World War, whilst at the same time outlining the fundamental theoretical keystones of the study: the claim with regard to a particular techno-economic paradigm in the case of mass tourism, involved in the fifth technological revolution seen since the Industrial Revolution. The second section deals specifically with the Mediterranean in its main tourism elements, based on the sources available: number of visitors, overnight stays and tourism expenditure. Finally, some conclusions are offered in order to summarise the work.First Comers and Late Comers in Mass Tourism Economics. Techno-economics changes.

Green approach to the Isosorbide Conversion into Dimethyl isosorbide

Isosorbide is one of the most promising products derived from sorbitol. It has already found many applications, mainly in the polymer industry and medicine, such as isosorbide polycarbonate1 (DURABIO®) and isosorbide nitrates as vasodilator for angina pectoris2. The methylation of the two hydroxyl groups of isosorbide molecule gives rise to the formation of dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), which is a high boiling solvent (235ºC), used in skin care formulations because of its solubilising capacity and performance enhancing of many different topical skin actives3. Currently, DMI synthesis implies the use of methyl halides or dimethyl sulfate. A safer and more environmental benign approach has been proposed by Tundo et al4 by employing dimethylcarbonate (DMC) as both reactant and solvent in the presence of sodium methoxide. In the present work, the synthesis of DMI in an excess of DMC by using a MgAl mixed oxides (MgAlOx), as heterogeneous catalyst, under mild reaction conditions, is proposed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto Plan Nacional CTQ2015-64226-C3-3-R Fondos FEDE

Nonthermal emission from high-mass microquasar jets affected by orbital motion

Context. The stellar wind in high-mass microquasars should interact with the jet. This interaction, coupled with orbital motion, is expected to make the jet follow a helical, nonballistic trajectory. The jet energy dissipated by this interaction, through shocks for example, could lead to nonthermal activity on scales significantly larger than the system size. Aims. We calculate the broadband emission from a jet affected by the impact of the stellar wind and orbital motion in a high-mass microquasar. Methods. We employ a prescription for the helical trajectory of a jet in a system with a circular orbit. Subsequently, assuming electron acceleration at the onset of the helical jet region, we compute the spatial and energy distribution of these electrons, and their synchrotron and inverse Compton emission including gamma-ray absorption effects. Results. For typical source parameters, significant radio, X- and gamma-ray luminosities are predicted. The scales on which the emission is produced may reduce, but not erase, orbital variability of the inverse Compton emission. The wind and orbital effects on the radio emission morphology could be studied using very long baseline interferometric techniques. Conclusions. We predict significant broadband emission, modulated by orbital motion, from a helical jet in a high-mass microquasar. This emission may be hard to disentangle from radiation of the binary itself, although the light curve features, extended radio emission, and a moderate opacity to very high-energy gamma rays, could help to identify the contribution from an extended (helical) jet region

El retroceso del olivar en las Baleares: un itinerario a contracorriente de la evolución española (1800-1960)

The expansion of olive tree groves in most of main1and Spain from the mid-nineteenth century on coincided with their waning in the Balearics. In the late eighteenth century Mallorca was the main oil exporting region of Spain, but just over a century later olive oil had to be imported to meet the island's demand This article analyzes the main factors re1ating to the decline in olive oil production: the causes of the landowners lack of interest in increasing production levels or improving product quality, the tendency to replace olive trees with other more profitable types of trees, the fact that olive trees were increasingly confined to areas of the island unsuitable for other crops and finally the overwhelmingly industrial export-oriented production of olive oil as a raw material for Marseilles soap.La expansión del olivar en buena parte de la Península desde mediados del siglo XX coincide con su declive en las Baleares. Mallorca era a finales del xx la principal región exportadora de aceite de España, pero poco más de un siglo después era necesario importar aceite para atender las necesidades de la población. En este trabajo se analizan los principales aspectos relacionados con el retroceso de la producción de aceite: el escaso o nulo interés de los hacendados por mejorar los niveles de producción o la calidad del producto, la sustitución del olivo por otros árboles más rentables y su progresivo confinamiento en aquellas zonas de la isla no aptas para otros cultivos y, finalmente, su uso eminentemente industrial, orientado hacia la exportación como materia prima para la jabonería marsellesa

Catalytic heterogeneous route for the synthesis of dimethyl isosorbide using dimethyl carbonate as methylating agent

In this contribution a heterogeneous catalytic route is envisaged by using as catalyst MgAlOx mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite thermally treated (Mg/Al molar ratio of 3). The complete conversion of isosorbide is accomplished within the first hour but the DMI is not observed until 7 hours of reaction and its yield increases up to 100% after 24 hours of time on stream. The reutilization of the catalyst has shown a decline in DMI yield up to 52% after 4 runs even though the isosorbida conversion was of 100%.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Administración de Calidad Total de Productos y Servicios en Nicaragua

Este documento se inicia abordando, con los diferentes tópicos de la administración de calidad total en las empresas. En donde se tuvo que hacer una recopilación de diferente temas de la actualidad, en libro, e Internet, información periódica entre otros. Por lo cual de una u otra manera favorecen a cualquier empresa a implementar los sistema de calidad, a un producto o servicio para que sea competitivo y confiable de logística y de comercialización, al adoptar todos esto sistema, bienes a garantizar que el producto o servicio sea de calidad, con la aplicación de todo los concepto de calidad total por lo cual tiene una filosofía de gran importancia para la empresa, de mejorar con la evolución de los diferentes conceptos o técnicas de la calidad total. Al mismo tiempo se tiene que involucrar todo el control de calidad total con el objetivo de mantener integrados a todo el personal que laboran en la entidad, para ellos se requiere de una eficiente coordinación y cooperación en cuanto a información y/o comunicación fluida, y de ello dependerá de que se implemente de manera eficaz los sistema de gestión de calidad total en la empresas. Se hace necesario hacer uso de una planificación eficiente, en todas las etapas dentro del proceso del diseño y desarrollo de producto o servicio, de esta forma se tiene que hacer una recopilación de todos los procesos, desde el autocontrol de calidad y los circulo de calidad, con el propósito de estar siempre ajustado a los objetivos de la empresa. Con la incorporación de la calidad total en la empresa, tiene una gran importancia de desarrollar un buen producto o servicio que bienes a garantizar beneficio tanto para la empresa, como los empleados de dicha entidad. En el presente documento se señalan los diferentes temas o etapas o fases del proceso, elaboración o diseño del producto o servicio que se desarrolla dentro de cualquier empresa, que permita contribuir para una gestión mejor de calidad. De tal manera que sea Competitivo en el ámbito nacional e internacional, es por eso que es de suma importancia tomar en cuenta los sistemas de información sobre la calidad total para obtener una administración estratégica de calidad y en los ciclos administrativos, en las políticas de calidad en las metas estratégicas para lograr con éxito los objetivos de la empresa y tener mejores oportunidades en el mercado y lograr así la competitividad a largo plazo y poder asegurar la competitividad futur