Optimization of interaction of agrarian entities as an imperative of ensuring food security of the state

The interaction of agricultural entities is based on modern market relations and the state agrarian policy. Managing the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy is the primary task of the state, since the provision of food security of the state depends on this. The subject of the study is the establishment of relations of the agricultural sector of the country. In the grouping method, a direct relationship was established between the sum of agricultural production in farms of all categories in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the number of employees in the regional agro-industrial complex of the agricultural sector, as well as the number of departments in them. The purpose and objective of the study is to highlight the main functions of state administration of the agricultural sector at the regional level, to identify the lack of an effective mechanism for interaction of the subjects of the agricultural market with each other and with the regional authorities of the agricultural sector. The presented model of optimizing the relationships between the agrarian entities of the region will increase the efficiency of the agrarian sector of the region’s economy and ensure its food security. The necessity of planning and forecasting the volumes of production and use of agricultural products and raw materials is substantiated. The system of such forecasting includes such subsystems as agricultural enterprises, processing enterprises, and the population of the region. It is concluded that each subsystem works on a well-formed and well-founded functional model, which includes input and output information, controls that regulate functioning, as well as mechanisms that ensure such functioning. A special role in the forecasting process is assigned to the regional management bodies of the agro-industrial sector represented by the department for optimizing the interaction of agricultural entities in the region. The final forecast result should be a balance model of the degree of food security in the region's population

Modulational instability in nonlocal Kerr-type media with random parameters

Modulational instability of continuous waves in nonlocal focusing and defocusing Kerr media with stochastically varying diffraction (dispersion) and nonlinearity coefficients is studied both analytically and numerically. It is shown that nonlocality with the sign-definite Fourier images of the medium response functions suppresses considerably the growth rate peak and bandwidth of instability caused by stochasticity. Contrary, nonlocality can enhance modulational instability growth for a response function with negative-sign bands.Comment: 6 pages, 12 figures, revTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev.

The global picture of self-similar and not self-similar decay in Burgers Turbulence

This paper continue earlier investigations on the decay of Burgers turbulence in one dimension from Gaussian random initial conditions of the power-law spectral type $E_0(k)\sim|k|^n$. Depending on the power $n$, different characteristic regions are distinguished. The main focus of this paper is to delineate the regions in wave-number $k$ and time $t$ in which self-similarity can (and cannot) be observed, taking into account small-$k$ and large-$k$ cutoffs. The evolution of the spectrum can be inferred using physical arguments describing the competition between the initial spectrum and the new frequencies generated by the dynamics. For large wavenumbers, we always have $k^{-2}$ region, associated to the shocks. When $n$ is less than one, the large-scale part of the spectrum is preserved in time and the global evolution is self-similar, so that scaling arguments perfectly predict the behavior in time of the energy and of the integral scale. If $n$ is larger than two, the spectrum tends for long times to a universal scaling form independent of the initial conditions, with universal behavior $k^2$ at small wavenumbers. In the interval $2<n$ the leading behaviour is self-similar, independent of $n$ and with universal behavior $k^2$ at small wavenumber. When $1<n<2$, the spectrum has three scaling regions : first, a $|k|^n$ region at very small $k$\ms1 with a time-independent constant, second, a $k^2$ region at intermediate wavenumbers, finally, the usual $k^{-2}$ region. In the remaining interval, $n<-3$ the small-$k$ cutoff dominates, and $n$ also plays no role. We find also (numerically) the subleading term $\sim k^2$ in the evolution of the spectrum in the interval $-3<n<1$. High-resolution numerical simulations have been performed confirming both scaling predictions and analytical asymptotic theory.Comment: 14 pages, 19 figure

Modulational instability and nonlocality management in coupled NLS system

The modulational instability of two interacting waves in a nonlocal Kerr-type medium is considered analytically and numerically. For a generic choice of wave amplitudes, we give a complete description of stable/unstable regimes for zero group-velocity mismatch. It is shown that nonlocality suppresses considerably the growth rate and bandwidth of instability. For nonzero group-velocity mismatch we perform a geometrical analysis of a nonlocality management which can provide stability of waves otherwise unstable in a local medium.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Physica Script

Point-occurrence self-similarity in crackling-noise systems and in other complex systems

It has been recently found that a number of systems displaying crackling noise also show a remarkable behavior regarding the temporal occurrence of successive events versus their size: a scaling law for the probability distributions of waiting times as a function of a minimum size is fulfilled, signaling the existence on those systems of self-similarity in time-size. This property is also present in some non-crackling systems. Here, the uncommon character of the scaling law is illustrated with simple marked renewal processes, built by definition with no correlations. Whereas processes with a finite mean waiting time do not fulfill a scaling law in general and tend towards a Poisson process in the limit of very high sizes, processes without a finite mean tend to another class of distributions, characterized by double power-law waiting-time densities. This is somehow reminiscent of the generalized central limit theorem. A model with short-range correlations is not able to escape from the attraction of those limit distributions. A discussion on open problems in the modeling of these properties is provided.Comment: Submitted to J. Stat. Mech. for the proceedings of UPON 2008 (Lyon), topic: crackling nois

Optical and structural properties of sol-gel derived materials embedded in porous anodic alumina

Structure composing a xerogel, doped with lanthanide ions (erbium, terbium and europium), embedded in porous anodic alumina (PAA) have been fabricated and their optical and electrical characterisitics have been studied. Erbium photoluminescence at 1.53 µm from titania xerogel/PAA was found to increase with the number of xerogel layers and erbium concnetration for the excitation wavelength 532 nm, matching the area of transparency of both titania xerogel and PAA. Visible green and red electroluminescence was observed for terbium- and europium-doped IN2O3 and SnO2 xerogels embedded in porous anodic alumina. The improvement of the electrical properties of the xerogel/PAA cell is discussed, taking into account the observed ability of conducting In2O3:Sn (ITO) nanoparticles to penetrate into the anodic alumina pores

Wavelets techniques for pointwise anti-Holderian irregularity

In this paper, we introduce a notion of weak pointwise Holder regularity, starting from the de nition of the pointwise anti-Holder irregularity. Using this concept, a weak spectrum of singularities can be de ned as for the usual pointwise Holder regularity. We build a class of wavelet series satisfying the multifractal formalism and thus show the optimality of the upper bound. We also show that the weak spectrum of singularities is disconnected from the casual one (denoted here strong spectrum of singularities) by exhibiting a multifractal function made of Davenport series whose weak spectrum di ers from the strong one

Terbium photo-, cathodo- and X-ray luminescence in sol-gel derived films in porous anodic alumina

Photo-, cathodo-, and X-ray luminescence of terbium in sol-gel derived films, fabricated in porous anodic alumina is studied. The cell size of the fabricated film convertor of irradiation is about 250 nm. The methods of increase Tb luminescence under diverse excitation conditions are discussed. © 2012 CriMiCo

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДЕСФЛУРАНА И СЕВОФЛУРАНА НА ГЕМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОФИЛЬ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ ПРЯМОЙ РЕВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦИИ МИОКАРДА В УСЛОВИЯХ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

Inhalation anesthetics of desflurane and sevoflurane when used in aortocoronary bypass with cardio-pulmonary bypass can reduce the frequency of post-perfusion heart weakness t h rough supporting stable hemodynamic profile of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 11 owever the choice between these two medications is often disputable. 43 patients with coronary disease who underwent direct myocardial revasculization with artificial cardio-pulmonary bypass were examined. Desflurane was used as a general anesthetic for 28 patients: sevoflurane was used for 15 patients. During surgery expanded hemodynamic profile data of all patients were evaluated (cardiac index - Cl. stroke volume index - SVI. medium blood pressure - МНР. index of general peripheral resistance - IGPR, index of systolic operation of the left anti right ventricles, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, index of pulmonary resistance) as well as oxygen transporting blood function (delivery, consumption and oxygen extraction co-efficient. oxygen arteriovenous difference) and arterial blood lactate level. The investigated data were recorded before artificial cardio-pulmonary bypass, after reperfusion of myocardium and upon anesthesia completion. Results. Both groups did not have any confident differences in МНР. pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate. In all examined patients С I increased significantly compared to pre-perfusion period due to the increase of stroke volume and systolic discharge of the heart ventricles. And sevoflurane caused more persistent reduction of IGPR after artificial cardio-pulmonary bypass compared to desflurane which required using angiotonic support in 41.1% of patients versus 3.4% of patients in the group where desflurane was used (2criterion with credibility correction, p&lt; 0.01). The bigger need in oxygen when sevoflurane was used during the surgery (p &lt; 0.01) was accompanied by the bigger activation of anaerobic metabolism with increase of lactate concentration in post-perfusion period (p &lt; 0.01) which can be explained by less depression of the global metabolism by sevoflurane compared to desflurane. Ингаляционные анестетики десфлуран и севофлуран при операциях коронарного шунтирования с искусственным кровообращением (ИК) могут снижать частоту возникновения постперфузионной сердечной слабости за счет поддержания стабильного гемодинамического профиля кардиохирургического больного. Однако выбор между этими двумя препаратами является предметом споров. Обследовано 43 пациента с ишемической болезнью сердца, перенесших операцию прямой реваскуляризации с ИК. У 28 пациентов в качестве общего анестетика использован десфлуран, у 15 - севофлуран. У всех больных во время вмешательства оценивали данные расширенного гемодинамического профиля (сердечный индекс - СИ, индекс ударного объема - ИУО, среднее артериальное давление - САД, индекс общего периферического сопротивления сосудов - ИОПСС, индексы ударной работы левого и правого желудочков, давление заклинивания легочной артерии, индекс легочного сосудистого сопротивления), кислородтранспортную функцию крови (доставка, потребление и коэффициент экстракции кислорода, артериовенозная разница по кислороду) и уровень лактата артериальной крови. Изучаемые данные фиксировали до ИК, после реперфузии миокарда и после окончания анестезии. Результаты. В обеих группах не было значимых различий в показателях САД, давления в легочной артерии, частоты сердечных сокращений. У всех обследованных СИ значимо повышался по сравнению с предперфузионным периодом за счет прироста ударного объема и ударной работы желудочков сердца. При этом севофлуран вызывал более стойкое снижение ИОПСС после ИК, чем десфлуран, что требовало применения вазопрессорной поддержки у 41,1% пациентов против 3,4% пациентов в группе с использованием десфлурана (критерий χ2 с поправкой на правдоподобие, p &lt; 0,01). У пациентов из группы с применением десфлурана VО2 соответствовало нормальным значениям до и после ИК, тогда как у пациентов с использованием севофлурана было значимо увеличено потребление кислорода на всех этапах операции, что сопровождалось значимо более высоким уровнем лактата артериальной крови в постперфузионном периоде. Сделано заключение о том, что влияние севофлурана и десфлурана на СИ, ИУО, индексы работы желудочков сердца схожи. При этом севофлуран по сравнению с десфлураном в большей степени снижает ИОПСС, обусловливая значимо большую потребность в вазопрессорах (p &lt; 0,01). Большая потребность организма в кислороде при использовании севофлурана за время операции (p &lt; 0,01) сопровождается значимо большей активацией анаэробного метаболизма с увеличением концентрации лактата в постперфузионном периоде (p &lt; 0,01), что можно объяснить меньшей депрессией глобального метаболизма севофлураном по сравнению с десфлураном

Получение и свойства гидрогелевых наночастиц пектината кальция с транс-коричной кислотой

Hydrogel negatively charged (–13.5 ± 5.0 mV) calcium pectinate nano- and submicroparticles (50–150 nm) were obtained. A technique for entrapment of a plant growth regulator (trans-cinnamic acid) in the particles up to 40 wt. % has been developed. It has been established that the complete release of trans-cinnamic acid in the Murashige–Skoog medium takes 2.5 hours. The obtained particles of calcium pectinate do not affect the growth processes of cells in suspension culture and can be used as neutral carriers for growth regulators.Получены отрицательно заряженные (–13,5 ± 5,0 мВ) гидрогелевые нано- и субмикрочастицы (50–150 нм) пектината кальция. Разработана методика, позволяющая включать в них до 40 мас. % регулятора роста растений – транс-коричную кислоту (ТКК). Установлено, что полное высвобождение ТКК в среде культивирования клеток (Мурасиге–Скуга) протекает за 2,5 ч. Полученные частицы пектината кальция не влияют на ростовые процессы клеток суспензионной культуры и могут быть использованы в качестве нейтральных носителей регуляторов роста