Au-delà de ‘tisser le lien social au quotidien’, la construction du métier de Médiateur Social

Prefácio a “Le Tour d’Europe des médiateurs sociaux: de la valorisation de l’expérience et la formation à la reconnaissance et la professionnalisation”Médiation, ensuite. Comme vision sociale, d’abord. Celle d’une société patchwork à l’image de la tunique d’ArleKin, dont les coutures se tissent grâce à ces “espaces-tiers” de médiation: espaces où la prise de parole (la sienne) et l’écoute de l’autre (l’opposant, l’étranger, le représentant de l’institution), peuvent co-exister sans risque parce que protégés. Vision “d’une communauté paradoxale (…) en train de surgir, faite d’étrangers qui s’acceptent dans la mesure où ils se reconnaissent étrangers eux-mêmes” (Kristeva, 2007, p. 290).Référence: 539947-LLP-1-2013-1-FR- GRUNDTVIG-GMP - www.arlekin-eu.f

Le Tour d’Europe des médiateurs sociaux: de la valorisation de l’expérience et la formation à la reconnaissance et la professionnalisation

Inclusion, d’abord. Si ce n’est le mot lui-même, le projet est “au fond” de tous les témoignages qui se lisent dans cet E-book. Nous laissons le lecteur le découvrir par lui-même. C’est ce qui, fondamentalement donne sens aux activités des médiateurs. Contre une société qui exclue, discrimine, construit des murs et des frontières, calcule au “moins-disant” l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile, rejette les individus vers leur communauté d’appartenance et les y enferme au lieu de leur permettre d’y trouver les ressources pour s’ouvrir à l’altérité et leur société d’accueil – la médiation est là pour retisser les liens, donner accès aux droits, permettre le long apprentissage d’institutions qui existent pour les protéger, développer leur confiance en eux-mêmes, s’ouvrir à sa propre richesse pour s’ouvrir à celle de l’autre et résoudre les multiples conflits de la vie quotidienne.Référence: 539947-LLP-1-2013-1-FR- GRUNDTVIG-GMP - www.arlekin-eu.f

Eddy-resolving simulation of plankton ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 53 (2006): 1483-1516, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.06.005.We study the dynamics of the planktonic ecosystem in the coastal upwelling zone within the California Current System using a three-dimensional, eddy-resolving circulation model coupled to an ecosystem/biogeochemistry model. The physical model is based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), configured at a resolution of 15 km for a domain covering the entire U.S. West Coast, with an embedded child grid covering the central California upwelling region at a resolution of 5 km. The model is forced with monthly mean boundary conditions at the open lateral boundaries as well as at the surface. The ecological/biogeochemical model is nitrogen based, includes single classes for phytoplankton and zooplankton, and considers two detrital pools with different sinking speeds. The model also explicitly simulates a variable chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio. Comparisons of model results with either remote sensing observations (AVHRR, SeaWiFS) or in situ measurements from the CalCOFI program indicate that our model is capable of replicating many of the large-scale, time averaged features of the coastal upwelling system. An exception is the underestimation of the chlorophyll levels in the northern part of the domain, perhaps because of the lack of short-term variations in the forcing from the atmosphere. Another shortcoming is that the modeled thermocline is too diffuse, and that the upward slope of the isolines toward the coast is too small. Detailed time-series comparisons with observations from Monterey Bay reveal similar agreements and discrepancies. We attribute the good agreement between the modeled and observed ecological properties in large part to the accuracy of the physical fields. In turn, many of the discrepancies can be traced back to our use of monthly mean forcing. Analysis of the ecosystem structure and dynamics reveal that the magnitude and pattern of phytoplankton biomass in the nearshore region are determined largely by the balance of growth and zooplankton grazing, while in the offshore region, growth is balanced by mortality. The latter appears to be inconsistent with in situ observations and is a result of our consideration of only one zooplankton size class (mesozooplankton), neglecting the importance of microzooplankton grazing in the offshore region. A comparison of the allocation of nitrogen into the different pools of the ecosystem in the 3-D results with those obtained from a box model configuration of the same ecosystem model reveals that only a few components of the ecosystem reach a local steady-state, i.e. where biological sources and sinks balance each other. The balances for the majority of the components are achieved by local biological source and sink terms balancing the net physical divergence, confirming the importance of the 3-D nature of circulation and mixing in a coastal upwelling system.Most of this work has been made possible by two grants from NASA. Additional support is acknowledged from NSF’s ITR program

A TALEN Genome-Editing System for Generating Human Stem Cell-Based Disease Models

SummaryTranscription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are a new class of engineered nucleases that are easier to design to cleave at desired sites in a genome than previous types of nucleases. We report here the use of TALENs to rapidly and efficiently generate mutant alleles of 15 genes in cultured somatic cells or human pluripotent stem cells, the latter for which we differentiated both the targeted lines and isogenic control lines into various metabolic cell types. We demonstrate cell-autonomous phenotypes directly linked to disease—dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, motor-neuron death, and hepatitis C infection. We found little evidence of TALEN off-target effects, but each clonal line nevertheless harbors a significant number of unique mutations. Given the speed and ease with which we were able to derive and characterize these cell lines, we anticipate TALEN-mediated genome editing of human cells becoming a mainstay for the investigation of human biology and disease

Identification of CRISPR and riboswitch related RNAs among novel noncoding RNAs of the euryarchaeon Pyrococcus abyssi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) has been recognized as an important regulator of gene expression networks in Bacteria and Eucaryota. Little is known about ncRNA in thermococcal archaea except for the eukaryotic-like C/D and H/ACA modification guide RNAs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a combination of <it>in silico </it>and experimental approaches, we identified and characterized novel <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>ncRNAs transcribed from 12 intergenic regions, ten of which are conserved throughout the Thermococcales. Several of them accumulate in the late-exponential phase of growth. Analysis of the genomic context and sequence conservation amongst related thermococcal species revealed two novel <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>ncRNA families. The CRISPR family is comprised of crRNAs expressed from two of the four <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>CRISPR cassettes. The 5'UTR derived family includes four conserved ncRNAs, two of which have features similar to known bacterial riboswitches. Several of the novel ncRNAs have sequence similarities to orphan OrfB transposase elements. Based on RNA secondary structure predictions and experimental results, we show that three of the twelve ncRNAs include Kink-turn RNA motifs, arguing for a biological role of these ncRNAs in the cell. Furthermore, our results show that several of the ncRNAs are subjected to processing events by enzymes that remain to be identified and characterized.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work proposes a revised annotation of CRISPR loci in <it>P</it>. <it>abyssi </it>and expands our knowledge of ncRNAs in the Thermococcales, thus providing a starting point for studies needed to elucidate their biological function.</p

A TALEN Genome-Editing System for Generating Human Stem Cell-Based Disease Models

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are a new class of engineered nucleases that are easier to design to cleave at desired sites in a genome than previous types of nucleases. We report here the use of TALENs to rapidly and efficiently generate mutant alleles of 15 genes in cultured somatic cells or human pluripotent stem cells, the latter for which we differentiated both the targeted lines and isogenic control lines into various metabolic cell types. We demonstrate cell-autonomous phenotypes directly linked to disease—dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, motor-neuron death, and hepatitis C infection. We found little evidence of TALEN off-target effects, but each clonal line nevertheless harbors a significant number of unique mutations. Given the speed and ease with which we were able to derive and characterize these cell lines, we anticipate TALEN-mediated genome editing of human cells becoming a mainstay for the investigation of human biology and disease.Stem Cell and Regenerative Biolog

Photo-commutations de matériaux moléculaires étudiées par optique pompe-sonde ultra-rapide

L'emploi d'impulsions laser femtosecondes ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour le contrôle optique de matériaux moléculaires. Contrairement à ce qui est observé en solution dans le domaine de la femtochimie, des molécules dans un solide ne répondent pas de façon indépendante à une excitation lumineuse. On parle alors de transition de phase photo-induite. Lors de la photo-commutation vers un nouvel ordre électronique et structural, il peut ainsi exister des effets coopératifs ou des effets collectifs. Afin de mieux étudier et comprendre ces phénomènes, nous avons mis en place une expérience pompe-sonde optique femtoseconde. Deux types de systèmes moléculaires ont été étudiés ici. La première étude porte sur l'observation du changement de l'état de spin d'un complexe moléculaire à l'état solide. Le couplage des expériences optiques avec des mesures de diffraction X ultra-rapides donne accès à toute la dynamique hors-équilibre du système. La seconde étude porte sur une famille de composés présentant une transition isolant-métal. La dynamique ultra-rapide ainsi observée met en jeux une réponse cohérente du système à travers des modes de vibration inter-moléculaires. Les résultats présentés ici sont au coeur du domaine en pleine émergence des transitions de phase photo-induites qui représente un des aspects les plus fascinants de la dynamique de la matière condensée.The control of the properties of molecular materials by using femtosecond laser pulses opens new perspectives. Contrary to the observation of single molecule femtochemistry, molecules in the solid state do not respond independently to light excitation. This is called a photo-induced phase transition. During the switching to a new electronic and structural order, cooperative and collective effects can be observed. To study and understand these phenomena, we have set-up a femtosecond pump-probe optical experiment. Two kinds of molecular systems were studied here. The first study concerns the switching of the spin state of a molecular complex in the solid state. Combining the optical experiments with ultra-fast X ray diffraction measurements give access to the complete out of equilibrium dynamics of the system. The second study is about a family of compounds showing an insulator to metal phase transition. The ultra-fast dynamics observed shows a coherent response of the system through intermolecular vibrational modes. The results presented here are at the heart of the emerging field of photo-induced phase transitions which represent one of the most fascinating aspects of the dynamics of condensed mater.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ontogenic changes in the contents of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in larvae and postlarvae of the bivalve

In the present study, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5HT) have been quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Pecten maximus during larval and post-larval development. With average values ranging from 2 to 5 pg μg–1 of protein, NE remained low through the whole larval life, while epinephrine (E) was undetected. DA and 5HT were the most abundant monoamines with significant variations between larval, pre-metamorphic and post-larval stages. During the first 20 days, corresponding to D larval and umboned larval stages, levels of DA and 5HT increased from 15 to 30 and 10 to 15 pg μg–1 of protein, respectively. Then during the last week of larval life, at the approach of metamorphosis, DA rose sharply from 30 to 50 pg μg–1 of protein and 5HT from 15 to 50 pg μg–1 of protein. Lastly during the first week of post-larval life (day 27 to day 34) DA and 5HT contents declined to levels similar to those detected in the first days of larval life reaching progressively 1 pg μg–1 of protein during the second week of post-larval life (day 34 to day 55). These rapid and transient variations in monoamine contents (5HT and DA) around metamorphosis, present a great interest. However, this relation between neurochemical changes and metamorphosis must be confirmed with future studies in order to verify if such monoamines might be used as indicators of larval competence in P. maximus, a commercially important species

Vinculin head–tail interaction defines multiple early mechanisms for cell substrate rigidity sensing

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