A Finite State Machine Fall Detection Using Quadrilateral Shape Features

A video-based fall detection system was presented; which consists of data acquisition, image processing, feature extraction, feature selection, classification and finite state machine. A two-dimensional human posture image was represented by 12 features extracted from the generalisation of a silhouette shape to a quadrilateral. The corresponding feature vectors for three groups of human pose were statistically analysed by using a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test to assess the different significance level between them. From the statistical test, non-significant features were discarded. Four selected kernel-based Support Vector Machine: linear, quadratics, cubic and Radial Basis Function classifiers were trained to classify three human posture groups. Among four classifiers, the last one performed the best in terms of performance matric on testing set. The classifier outperformed others with high achievement ofaverage sensitivity, precision and F-score of 99.19%, 99.25% and 99.22%, respectively. Such pose classification model output was further used in a simple finite state machine to trigger the falling event alarms. The fall detection system was tested on different fall video sets and able to detect the presence offalling events in a frame sequence of videos with accuracy of 97.32% and low computional time

Investigation of Internal Gas Leakage on the Gate Valve using Acoustic Signal

The gate valve is primarily used for starting/stopping the flow of fluids. It is suitable for most fluids such as water and chemicals as well as air, steam and gas in petrochemical and refinery plants that require high temperature and low pressure. The aim of this study is to define the frequency domain using AE signals, such as RMS and ASL, to determine the internal gas leakage. The conducted experiment employed a 4-inch diameter gate valve installed in the middle of the pipe length. To simulate industrial applications, the AE signals were observed at low-frequency (between 18.6 kHz to 19.5 kHz), with inlet pressures between 100 to 800 kPa and leakage rates between 0.5 percent to 2 percent. The frequency domain between 18.6 to 19.5 kHz and the inlet pressure of 100 to 800 kPa were displayed as the Root Mean Square (RMS) and Average Signal Limit (ASL). The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet influences the AE signal. The frequency spectrum can be correlated with the pressure leakage, thus providing leakage conditions. Therefore, the obtained results can be employed in industrial applications

Fresh fish supplier / Akmal Zaki Nordin ... [et al.]

We have decided to establish a company that consists of five (5) shareholders. Each of them is appointed base on their experience and skill such as General Manager, Operation Manager, Administration & Financial, Marketing and Sales Executive. The purpose of choosing the business is to produce the good fresh water fish. This is because the people must have a good nutrient for their life to make sure their have a good life and healthy. For our proposal is to help arry entrepreneur as a guideline to the organization in order to execute any business's activity.Beside that, it is using to convice certain party for instance the bank in order to give a business's loan. As a measure in determining either the business is profitable or else

Probabilistic-Based Analysis for Damaging Features of Fatigue Strain Loadings

This paper presents the behaviour of fatigue damage extraction in fatigue strain histories of automotive components using the probabilistic approach. This is a consideration for the evaluation of fatigue damage extraction in automotive components under service loading that is vital in a reliability analysis. For the purpose of research work, two strain signals data are collected from a car coil spring during a road test. The fatigue strain signals are then extracted using the wavelet transform in order to extract the high amplitude segments that contribute to the fatigue damage. At this stage, the low amplitude segments are removed because of their minimal contribution to the fatigue damage. The fatigue damage based on all extracted segments is calculated using some significant strain-life models. Subsequently, the statistics-based Weibull distribution is applied to evaluate the fatigue damage extraction. It has been found that about 70% of the probability of failure occurs in the 1.0 x 10-5 to 1.0 x 10-4 damage range for both signals, while 90% of the probability of failure occurs in the 1.0 x 10-4 to 1.0 x 10-3 damage range. Lastly, it is suggested that the fatigue damage can be determined by the Weibull distribution analysi

High sensitivity microfiber interferometer sensor in aqueous solution

The need for environmental protection and water pollution control has led to the development of different sensors for determining many kinds of pollutants in water. Ammonia nitrogen presence is an important indicator of water quality in environmental monitoring applications. In this paper, a high sensitivity sensor for monitoring ammonia nitrogen concentration in water using a tapered microfiber interferometer (MFI) as a sensor platform and a broad supercontinuum laser as the light source is realized. The MFI is fabricated to the waist diameter of 8 µm producing a strong interference pattern due to the coupling of the fundamental mode with the cladding mode. The MFI sensor is investigated for a low concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water in the wide wavelength range from 1500–1800 nm with a high-power signal provided by the supercontinuum source. The broad source allows optical sensing characteristics of the MFI to be evaluated at four different wavelengths (1505, 1605, 1705, and 1785 nm) upon exposure towards various ammonia nitrogen concentrations. The highest sensitivity of 0.099 nm/ppm that indicates the wavelength shift is observed at 1785 nm operating wavelength. The response is linear in the ammonia nitrogen range of 5–30 ppm with the best measurement resolution calculated to be 0.5 ppm. The low concentration ammonia nitrogen detected by the MFI in the unique infrared region reveals the potential application of this optical fiber-based sensor for rivers and drinking water monitoring

Sistem Pakar Berkonsepkan GIS untuk Penentuan Perletakan Industri.

Isu perancangan dan perletakan sesebuah kilang atau kawasan industri merupakan aspek penting yang perlu diberi perhatian oleh pihak pembuat keputusan dan perancangan....

Suspicious loitering detection from annotated CCTV feed using CEP based approach

Smart Surveillance System is a critical system that enables automated detection of anomalous activities from live CCTV feed. The main challenge that needs to be addressed by the Smart Surveillance System is the ability to understand and detect the activities that are currently occurring within the CCTV feed. Suspicious loitering is considered one of the anomalous activities that precede unwanted events, such as break-ins, burglary, and robbery. In this research, the Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach was selected as the system development approach for developing a Smart Surveillance System. Four types of similarity search-based event detectors, namely the Multi-Layered Event Detector for General Application (MEGA), Temporally Constrained Template Match Detector (TCD), Sliding Window Detector (SWD), and Weighted Sliding Window Detector (WSWD) were tested and evaluated to determine the best suspicious loitering event detector to be used in the Smart Surveillance System. The input data to the detectors comprised manually annotated real CCTV feed which was subjected to three noise conditions: (i) no-noise (0% noise) annotation, (ii) 25% noisy annotation and (iii) 46.8% noisy annotation. The 46.8% noisy annotation is assumed to reflect the real ambient operating condition of the Smart Surveillance System; while the no-noise condition was assumed to reflect the perfect CCTV feed acquisition and annotation process. The performance of the detectors was measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, detection accuracy, and the area under the Receiver’s Operating Curve (ROC). The results obtained showed that MEGA is the best overall detector for suspicious loitering detection in ambient operating conditions with detection accuracy of 97.20% and area under ROC curve of 0.6117

The potential impacts of anthropogenic and climate changes factors on surface water ecosystem deterioration at Kenyir Lake, Malaysia

Water ecosystem deterioration can be affected by various factors of either natural environment or physical changes in the river basin. Data observation were made during dry season (April 2017) and wet season (December 2017). 21 sampling stations were selected along Kenyir Lake Basin. Overall, the water quality status as stated in NWQS is categorized as Class I on dry season and Class II on wet sea-son. The major pollutants in Kenyir Lake are Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolve Oxygen and pH which are contributed largely by untreated or partially treated sewage from tourism development and construction activities around the basin. The sedimentation problem level in the Kenyir Lake Basin is not in critically stage but the flow rate of water and land use ac-tivities (development around basin) will be contributed to the increasing levels of sedimentation. The good site management such as the implementation of proper site practice measures to control and treat run-off prior to discharge will ensure that the construction works will not affect the quality and quantity of the receiving waters or have significant impact upon the receiving waters

Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries