Synthesis of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and their in vivo anticonvulsant activity

A series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(5-(piperazine-1-yl)-1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide with various sulfonyl chlorides and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in MES test. Rotorod method was employed to determine the neurotoxicity. The purity of the compounds is confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis. The structures of all the new compounds are established on the basis of 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Out of fifteen compounds, three were found to be potent anticolvunstants. The same compounds showed no neurotoxicity at the maximum dose administered (100 mg/kg)

Synthesis of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and their in vivo anticonvulsant activity

A series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(5-(piperazine-1-yl)-1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide with various sulfonyl chlorides and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in MES test. Rotorod method was employed to determine the neurotoxicity. The purity of the compounds is confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis. The structures of all the new compounds are established on the basis of 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Out of fifteen compounds, three were found to be potent anticolvunstants. The same compounds showed no neurotoxicity at the maximum dose administered (100 mg/kg)

Inquiry of inclined magnetic field effects on Walter –B nanofluid flow with heat generation / absorption

The article deals with Walter-B nanoliquid flow towards a extending surface with inclined magnetic field effects. Thermal relaxation analysis is made by non fourier heat flux model. Radiation, heat generation / absorption impacts are included. The non linear Partial governing systems are rebuild into nonlinear ordinary systems with the assist of proper similarity transformations. The graphical results are portrayed for velocity, concentration and temperature profile. The physical entitles of heat and mass transfer rates are graphically reported. The comparission with previous results notified the excellent agreement

Portulaca oleracea inhibit vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy: involvement of ATP-sensitive K+ channels

Background: The Portulaca oleracea belonging to portulacaceae family. It is a herbaceous plant widely distributed throughout the world and used in traditional medicine for many ailments. The present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive action of petroleum ether extract of P. oleracea in vincristine induced peripheral neuropathic pain and the possible mechanisms involved.Methods: Peripheral neuropathy was induced in rats by administration of vincristine sulfate (50 μg/kg i.p.) for 10 consecutive days. The cold tail hyperalgesia was assessed by cold water tail immersion test. To identify the possible mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive action of petroleum ether extract of P. oleracea, acetic acid writhing method was employed. Mice were pretreated with naloxone, glibenclamide before petroleum ether extract treatment to identify the involvement of opioid and potassium channels, respectively.Results: The administration of petroleum ether extract of P. oleracea (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) for 10 days significantly attenuated vincristine-induced cold hyperalgesia. Pre-treatment with glibenclamide reversed the antinociceptive effect of P. oleracea, but the naloxone pre-treatment did not reverse the antinociceptive activity of P. oleracea.Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal the antinociceptive effect of P. oleracea in vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy and involving ATP-sensitive potassium channels pathway

Clinical profile of a case of lumbar sacralisation- a naturopathy and physiotherapy management: case report

Lumbar sacralisation is a congenital anamoly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebrae (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side (or) both (or) to ilium (or) both. They occur during the period of growth, grow away from spinal column and rarely responsible for mechanical symptoms and varies postural defect. This paper reports a rare presentation of deeper radiological structures of spine with mechanical instability, postural defect, mild to moderate pain in back and radiating towards left leg. Patient was 23 years old female and misdiagnosed as mechanical back pain and disc prolapsed. We assessed her clinically and radiologically and diagnosis was established based on X-rays and MRI of Spine. She was treated with integrated approach [naturopathy& physiotherapy] and patients recover uneventfully

Successful clinical outcome in complicated monochorionic twins: case series

Monochorionic twins have some unique complications like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS), twin reverse arterial perfusion syndrome (TRAP) and conjoined twins which are otherwise not seen in dichorionic twins. In this case series, we report 3 cases of monochorionic twins who had complications. Our first case had monochorionic twin with a pump fetus and a TRAP. The second case had TTTS stage I and after spontaneous preterm premature rupture of membranes at 32 weeks, delivered both fetuses vaginally at an interval of about 3 hours. Our third case had TTTS stage II and she underwent selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of intertwin anastomotic vessels at about 25 weeks and subsequently multiple episodes of amnioreduction till 31 weeks when she underwent emergency caesarean delivery. Our study highlights the need for constant vigilance in patients with monochorionic twins to look for complications like TTTS and TRAP

Genetic relatedness among developing seeds and intra fruit seed abortion in Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae)

Dalbergia sissoo, a wind-dispersed tropical tree, exhibits high intrafruit seed abortion. Of the four to five ovules in the flower, generally one and occasionally two or three develop to maturity. It has been proposed that the seed abortion is a consequence of intense sibling competition for maternal resources and that this competition occurs as an inverse function of the genetic relatedness among the developing seeds. Accordingly, developing seeds compete intensely when they are genetically less related but tend to develop together when genetically more related. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the genetic similarity among the pairs of seeds developing within a pod with that among (a) random pairs from the pool of all seeds, (b) random pairs from single-seeded pods, and (c) random pairs from two-seeded pods, using both randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozymes in five trees. We found that the pairs of seeds developing within a pod are genetically more similar than any random pairs of seeds in a tree. Thus the formation of two-seeded pods appear to be associated with increased genetic relatedness among the developing seeds. We discuss the results in the context of possible fitness advantages and then discuss the possible mechanisms that promote tolerance among related seeds

Preparation of Silver Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine Dye

Background: Even though silver decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) shows max- imum absorptivity in the UV region, most of the research on the degradation of dyes using Ag-rGO is in the visible region. Therefore the present work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye in the presence of Ag-rGO as a catalyst by UV light irradiation. Methods: In this context, silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrid material was fabricated and explored its potential for the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous IC solution in the UV region. The decoration of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the rGO nanosheets is evidenced by TEM analysis. The extent of mineralization of the dye was measured by estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD) values before and after irradiation. Results: The synthesized Ag-rGO binary composites displayed excellent photocatalytic activity in 2 Χ 10-5 M IC concentration and 5mg catalyst loading. The optical absorption spectrum of Ag-rGO showed that the energy band-gap was found to be 2.27 eV, which is significantly smaller compared to the band-gap of GO. 5 mg of Ag-rGO was found to be an optimum quantity for the effective degrada- tion of IC dye. The degradation rate increases with the decrease in the concentration of the dye at al- kaline pH conditions. The photocatalytic efficiency was 92% for the second time. Conclusion: The impact of the enhanced reactive species generation was consistent with higher pho- tocatalytic dye degradation. The photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed and the hydroxyl radi- cal was found to be the reactive species responsible for the degradation of dye. The feasibility of reus- ing the photocatalyst showed that the photocatalytic efficiency was very effective for the second tim

4-[(E)-(2,4-Difluoro­phen­yl)(hydroxy­imino)meth­yl]piperidinium picrate

The title compound, C12H15F2N2O+·C6H2N3O7 −, a picrate salt of 4-[(E)-(2,4-difluoro­phen­yl)(hydroxy­imino)meth­yl]piper­idine, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in a cation–anion pair in the asymmetric unit. In the cation, a methyl group is tris­ubstituted by hydroxy­imino, piperidin-4-yl and 2,4-difluoro­phenyl groups, the latter of which contains an F atom disordered over two positions in the ring [occupancy ratio 0.631 (4):0.369 (4)]. The mean plane of the hydr­oxy group is in a synclinical conformation nearly orthogonal [N—C—C—C = 72.44 (19)°] to the mean plane of the piperidine ring, which adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the 2,4-difluoro­phenyl and piperidin-4-yl groups is 60.2 (3)°. In the picrate anion, the mean planes of the two o-NO2 and single p-NO2 groups adopt twist angles of 5.7 (2), 25.3 (7) and 8.3 (6)°, respectively, with the attached planar benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene ring in the picrate anion and those in the hydroxy­imino, piperidin-4-yl and 2,4-difluoro­phenyl groups in the cation are 84.9 (7), 78.9 (4) and 65.1 (1)°, respectively. Extensive hydrogen-bond inter­actions occur between the cation–anion pair, which help to establish the crystal packing in the unit cell. This includes dual three-center hydrogen bonds with the piperidin-4-yl group, the phenolate and o-NO2 O atoms of the picrate anion at different positions in the unit cell, which form separate N—H⋯(O,O) bifurcated inter­molecular hydrogen-bond inter­actions. Also, the hydr­oxy group forms a separate hydrogen bond with a nearby piperidin-4-yl N atom, thus providing two groups of hydrogen bonds, which form an infinite two-dimensional network along (011)