Persepsi usahawan industri kecil bumiputera terhadap aspek perlaksaan strategi pemasaran : satu tinjauan di Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor

Strategi pemasaran memainkan peranan penting untuk menentukan kejayaan atau kegagaian sesebuah pemiagaan. Lantaran itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengena! pasti aspek-aspek yang diperiukan untuk meiaksanakan strategi pemasaran daripada persepsi usahawan industri kecii bumiputera. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi garis panduan dan pengetahuan yang berguna kepada usahawan industri kecit bumiputera tentang aspek-aspek yang sewajamya diperiukan untuk meiaksanakan strategi pemasaran. Sampei kajian terdiri daripada 86 orang usahawan industri kecii bumiputera yang terdapat di kawasan Parit Raja yang berada di bawah Mukim Sri Gading, Batu Pahat, Johor. Instrument yang digunakan daiam kajian ini iaiah borang soai seiidik. Data yang diperoiehi dianaiisis menggunakan program SPSS (Statisticai Package for Sociai Science) versi 10.0. Analisis deskriptif telah digunakan untuk mengetahui aspekaspek yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan strategi pemasaran. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan usahawan industri kecil bumiputera kurang memberi penekanan terhadap aspek yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan strategi pemasaran. Usahawan menggunakan strategi-strategi yang tertentu sahaja dalam mengurus dan mengendaiikan pemiagaan mereka. Namun begitu, para usahawan ini mempunyai asas pengetahuan yang baik tentang strategi pemasaran yang terdiri daripada strategi barangan, harga, saluran agihan dan promosi. Pada bab akhir penulisan ini, beberapa cadangan dan idea dikemukakan agar menjadi panduan dan rujukan para usahawan dan pihak-pihak yang berkaitan

An investigation of the metabolic block of the tomato mutant neglecta-1.

Plant and Soil SciencesDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.

Sistem Pengurusan Peluru : Kajian Di Jabatan Polis DiRaja Malaysia Kontinjen Pahang

The study is about the management system of bullets in the Department of Polis Diraja Malaysia of the Pahang Contingent. The first objective of the study is to analyze the current system in term of the cost of manpower usage and the time taken in managing the bullets to the whole districts of Pahang in one year period. The second objective is to provide suggestions to upgrade the current system in order to minimize the cost to the lowest extent. Nowadays, police officers from every districts of Pahang will go to Kuantan to take the bullets needed for the districts. From the analysis done, it is concluded that this system is not yet very efficient because it is high-cost, time-taking, and use a great number of manpower. The expenditure for the current system is estimated about RM 75,884.32 per year, including the letting cost. To upgrade the system, four suggestions are included, together with the cost needed for each suggestion. It is suggested that the bullets will be sent by the officers from Police Contingent Headquarters one, two, three or four groups. The best suggestion among the four is by sending the bullets through two groups of police officers from the police Contingent Headquarters. The route which is going to be used is determined using the software "QM for Windows 2.0", through the method Shortest Route while the task for the group is determines through Assignment Problem, three lorries and four pajeros will be used for that purpose. By using this method, the first will be sending the bullets to Pekan, Rompin and Maran by using the first lorry. The second lorry is loaded with the bullets which are to be send to Jerantut, Lipis and Raub, while the third lorry is loaded with the bullets that is to be sent to Temerloh, Bentong, and Cameron Highlands. The first group also will be escorting the second lorry finished escorting the first lorry. The second group will be escorting the third lorry. This method will save the management cost up to 45.18 percent or RM 34,282.12

Factors that influence Malaysian reit performance / Mohd Amin Che Mohamood

This study examines the factors that influence Malaysian Reit performance over a period of August 2005 to December 2010. The researcher build a model that consist of four explanatory variables which are stock market performance, interest rate, inflation rate, and direct real estate market performance. The researcher found that all independent variables are significant at 0.050 significant level. Besides that the researcher also found that among these four independent variables, stock market performance has highest effect on Malaysian Reit performance. However, the multiple coefficient of determination shows that these explanatory variables can explain only 70% of the changes in Malaysian Reit performance, which indicates that there are other factors that significantly influence Malaysian Reit performance that being excluded from the model used by the researche

Design and implementation of smart farming system for fig using connected-argonomics

This paper proposes a design and implementation approach of smart farming system using connected-agronomics technique for fig farm application. Nowadays, fig plants having a rapid growth in the current market demand due to its rich in natural health benefiting nutrients, antioxidants and vitamins where some farming systems have been used  in maintaining fig plant’s environmental resources to grow without fail. Smart farming is a system applied to provide user with real time information and plan for desired plant such as time intervals for watering systems. There are two major problems on maintaining the fig fruit quality; watering system fail during emergency blackout and a contagious disease known as leaf rust due to external environments. The system implements two microcontrollers, the Arduino Uno & Raspberry Pi along with smartphone Android application. The system performance is evaluated based on the requirement specification, irrigation soil, surrounding temperature and moisture. It is found that all data collected by the sensors are within the optimal range of values, which are 1500 µS/cm to 1599 µS/cm for the EC reading of the fertilizer while 6.0 to 6.5 for the pH value of the soil. This prototype of smart farming was well developed and can be applied to the fig plantation environment

Topological and Chromatin Alterations Influencing Genome Integrity

DNA topoisomerases Top1 and Top2 have redundant functions in resolving topological alterations arising during replication and transcription processes. Topoisomerases assist replication forks encountering transcription units, preventing chromosome fragility by minimizing the aberrant topological events. We investigated the role of topoisomerases in supercoil accumulation across the yeast genome using biotin tagged psoralen immunoprecipitation. We found that DNA is under-wound at gene boundaries and over-wound at transcribed regions. Top1 is associated with positively supercoiled chromatin as it accompanies RNA Polymerase II (Pol2) and its chromatin association is influenced by transcription levels of the individual genes. Top2 is associated with stable negative supercoiled chromatin at the gene boundaries, and its association is not dependent on transcription. Top2 promotes transcription efficiencies by forming gene loop structure and restricts Top1 and Pol2 leakage at gene boundaries. Ablation of Top2 protein decreases the negative supercoil accumulation at gene boundaries. Expression of E.coli TopA in topoisomerases double mutant in yeast (top2-1top1Δ) significantly resolves only the negative supercoil of gene boundaries and increases the accumulation of positive supercoil. The supercoil state at gene boundaries and ORFs are crucial for nucleosome occupancy. Using Hi-C techniques, we show that, centromeres are prominently interacting with other centromeres and the inter-chromosomal centromere interactions are depleted along with cohesin protein in top2-1top1Δ mutant expressing E.coli TopA. This work therefore summarizes the role of supercoil structures in preserving higher order architecture including nucleosome formation and chromosome organization

Sliding Window for Radial Basis Function Neural Network Face Detection

This paper present a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) face detection using sliding windows. The system will detect faces in a large image where sliding window will run inside the image and identified whether there is a face inside the current window. Face detection is the first step in face recognition system. The purpose is to localize and extract the face region from the background that will be fed into the face recognition system for identification. General preprocessing approach was used for normalizing the image and a Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network was used to distinguish between face and non-face images. RBFNN offer several advantages compared to other neural network architecture such as they can be trained using fast two stages training algorithm and the network possesses the property of best approximation. The output of the network can be optimized by setting suitable values of the center and spread of the RBF. In this paper, a uniform fixed spread value will be used. The performance of the system will be based on the rate of detection and also false negative rate

Preparation, optimization and swelling study of carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) - acid hydrogel

In this study, sago starch was modified in order to enhance its physicochemical properties. Carboxymethylation was used to introduce a carboxymethyl group into a starch compound. The carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) was used to prepare smart hydrogel by adding acetic acid into the CMSS powder as the crosslinking agent. The degree of substitution of the CMSS obtained was 0.6410. The optimization was based on the gel content and degree of swelling of the hydrogel. In this research, four parameters were studied in order to optimize the formation of CMSS–acid hydrogel. The parameters were; CMSS concentration, acetic acid concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature. From the data analyzed, 76.69% of optimum gel content was obtained with 33.77 g/g of degree of swelling. Other than that, the swelling properties of CMSS–acid hydrogel in different media such as salt solution, different pH of phosphate buffer saline solution as well as acidic and alkaline solution were also investigated. The results showed that the CMSS–acid hydrogel swelled in both alkaline and salt solution, while in acidic or low pH solution, it tended to shrink and deswell. The production of the hydrogel as a smart material offers a lot of auspicious benefits in the future especially related to swelling behaviour and properties of the hydrogel in different types of media

Evaluation of an arterial blood sampling device and its function in accelerating and facilitating blood sampling

Background: Arterial blood sampling is among the basic standards in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to examine an inventive sampling device in facilitating arterial blood sampling in comparison to the conventional method using an insulin syringe.Methods and materials: This randomized interventional clinical trial was performed on 100 patients admitted to Qaem and Imam Reza Hospitals in Mashhad in 2016 for whom two arterial blood gas (ABG) samples were indicated. The patients were randomly selected by the visiting operator on a daily basis. The operator visited the hospital on certain days and took two samples from the selected patients.Results: The patients' mean age was 45.31±16.15 years. In the insulin syringe group, venous blood gas sampling was in 24% and arterial sample in 76%. In the designed device group, same figures were 12.1% and 87.9%, respectively. Sampling score (p=0.01), unsuccessful attempts with and without needle removal from the skin (p=0.01), and need for vertical and horizontal needle displacement for sampling (p=0.01) were significantly differed between the two groups. Localized swelling score and its size, localized bruising, palpable arterial spasm and the spasm duration was significantly less for the inventive device (p<0.05). Satisfaction score of patients and operator were significantly higher in the device group (p=0.01).Conclusion: The study device had desirable function in facilitating and accelerating arterial blood sampling. Its application can be further approved by future studies.Keywords: Arterial blood sampling, Facilitated sampling, Accelerated sampling, Intensive Care Uni