लक्षद्दीप समूह जीववैविधता और व्यवस्था

कृपया पूरा लेख पढे

Hindu Bhakti hareketinin ortaya çıkışı ve İslamın etkisi

Takipçilerine tanrıya coşkulu bir bağlılık ve sevgiyle kurtuluş sunan Bhakti düşüncesi Jnana ve Karma ile birlikte Hinduizmde mokşaya ulaşmanın üçüncü bir yolu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bhakti düşüncesi aynı zamanda Sihizm ve Lingayatlar olarak bilinen iki yeni dinin ortaya çıkmasında da önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu çalışmamızdaki temel amacımız Bhakti düşüncesiyle ilgili araştırmalarda genellikle ihmal edilen Alvarlar ve Nayanmarların Bhakti hareketinin ortaya çıkmasındaki rolünü sunmaktır. Kapsamlı ve daha doğru sonuçların elde edilebilmesi için Bhakti öncesi dönemin kısa bir tarihinden başlayarak sırasıyla Alvarlar ve Nayanmarlar ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bhakti literatüründe neredeyse hiç anlatılmayan bu şairlerin hayatlarına dair bilgiler verdikten sonra geleneklerine katkıları ve gelenek içerisindeki konumları da tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda aynı zamanda Bhakti düşünceisini sistematik olarak ilk kez anlatan Ramanuja’nın katkılarına ışık tutulmuştur. Araştırmamızın ana konusu Bhakti hareketi olmasından ötürü Bhakti'nin diğer önemli figürlerine ilişkin de bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra Bhakti’nin etkisiyle Hint alt kıtasında gelişen iki yeni din olan Sihizmi ve Lingayatlar da ele alınmıştır. Bhakti’nin en önemli dini metni BhagavatGita’daki ilahiler, sırasıyla, Alvarlar ve Nayanmarlar’ın şiirlerin koleksiyonları olan Nalayira Divya Prabandham ve Shaiva Tirumurai da incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Bhakti düşüncesini konu edinen Bhagavat Purana, Narada Bhaktisutra ve Shandilya Bhaktisutra gibi temel metinler analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak çalışmamız Bhakti düşüncesinin ortaya çıkışını tetikleyen faktörlerle ilgili öne sürülen farklı teorilerine dair bir değerlendirme ve sonuç bölümünden oluşmaktadır.Bhakti in Hinduism offers salvation to the followers through ardent devotion and love to God and considered as one of three paths of moksha other than Jnana and Karma. It had triggered a popular movement that may had changed the course of Hinduism paving the way for two new religions; Sikhism and Lingayats. Our study aims to explore and rightly present the emergence of Alvars and Nayanmars, whose contributions are often neglected in literature on Bhakti. To figure out this objective comprehensively, a concise history of pre-Bhakti period is given, then it elaborates each and everyone of Alvars and Nayanmars. Their personal history as well as tradition are tried to be unfold since these personalities hardly recounted in Bhakti literatuters. Contribution of Ramanuja, the first one to systematically present Bhakti, is sufficiently higlighted in the work. Brief mentions on key figures of Bhakti also done though it is out of research-focus. I also tried to illustrate Sikhism and Lingayats; two new religions in Indian sub-continent that evolved with influence of Bhakti. Texts that discusses Bhakti are unfolded to inspect the emergence of Bhakti thoughts in Hindu theology. Hymns in Bhagavat-Gita, foremost text of Bhakti, are expounded as well as Nalayira Divya Prabandham and Shaiva Tirumurai the canonized collections of Alvars and Nayanmars respectively. Other Bhakti texts like Bhagavat Purana, Narada Bhaktisutra and Shandilya Bhaktisutra are also investigated. In the end of study, a succinct note on different theories of influence on emergence of Bhakti is outlined as well as a conclusion of our research

The Use of Online Flipped Classrooms during Covid-19 by Gifted Students: A Path Analysis Using UTAUT Model

This study used the UTAUT model as the theoretical basis to assess and evaluate the use of online flipped classrooms during covid-19 by gifted students. The Online Flipped Classrooms model is supposed to be an active educational approach due to the interest shown by researchers and teachers in it. It allows learning to take place everywhere. Convenience sampling was employed to collect the required data. This involved gifted primary and middle and secondary school students at Makka schools for gifted students distributing the research instrument to their students. The model of this study is designed based on the UTAUT model. This study investigates the effects of four variables: Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, social influence, and Facilitating conditions on students’ intentions to use Online Flipped Classrooms. BI correlates positively with performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions (FC). PE, EE, SI and FC together yielded a coefficient of multiple regression (R) of 0. 763 and a multiple correlation square of 0. 760. This shows that 76.0% of the total variance in behavioural intention to use (BI) of those who participated in the study is accounted for by the combination of PE, EE and SI. BI was positively impacted by PE, EE, SI and FC. Further studies with are recommended to examine the effect of OFC using UTAUT Model

Common Spelling Mistakes of Hamza and Alif among Beginners

Alif is considered one of the first Arabic alphabets, while most linguists count the Hamza from the Arabic alphabet census, and these two letters have different forms in writing. So that some scholars do not consider both letters: Hamza and Alif, as independent letters of the alphabet, and at the same time they imagine in front of beginners in a close form, in addition to the lack of attention to train in writing these two letters correctly. This research seeks to detect mistakes made by students when writing and spelling with regard to Hamz and Alif, and to present the most appropriate ways to treat these mistakes. The researcher relies on the descriptive approach. As for the research tools, the research refers to the questionnaire, which is distributed to 103 first-year students from the Department of Arabic Studies of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, in addition to the secondary data that helps the researcher cover the first objective—knowing that the analysis of the information is done by MS Excel. The research also concluded that the students have a theoretical knowledge of the use of the Hamza and the Alif in different words and phrases, but when they come to the practical side, they misspell, and they also have a simple experience in writing the Hamza and the Alif in various patterns, in addition to the difficulty that most students face when distinguishing the difference between them in sentences

Assessment of hardened characteristics of raw fly ash blended self-compacting concrete

Fly ash is widely used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Due to the implementation of new thermal power plants as a consequence of electricity demand, generation of fly ash is noticeably increased. In addition to pozzolana blended cement production, it is very imperative to use raw fly ash in concrete. Earlier research studies investigated the performance of processed fly ash in blended cement production as well as in concrete. In general, ground fly ash is used in blended cement production. A comprehensive study on the performance evaluation of raw fly ash in self-compacting concrete is not available in the existing literature. Moreover, utilization of raw fly ash in special concrete such as self-compacting concrete is essential to comprehend the performance of raw fly ash blended concrete compared to ordinary Portland concrete. Additionally, it will help to achieve maximum utilization of raw fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material rather than disposal as a waste, which eventually leads to several environmental issues. In the study, raw fly ash was collected and is directly used in development of self-compacting concrete. Two mixes were cast and hardened characteristics of blended concrete were investigated. Results from the study showed comparable performance with control concrete. Furthermore, significant reduction in chloride permeability was observed for raw fly ash blended concrete

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Emulgel of Pothos scandens Linn for Burn Wound Healing Activity

The main aim of this work was to formulate the leaf extract of Pothos scandens in to an emulgel and investigate their burn wound healing activity. Ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Pothos scandens were subjected to preliminary phytochemical evaluation and wound healing activities studies. Emulgel formulations were prepared using three types of gelling agents: Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. The influence of the type of the gelling agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgel was investigated. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release, pharmacological activity and stability. It was finally concluded that the formulation F1 with 1%w/w Carbopol 940 was found to be more promising formulations as it shows better physicochemical characteristics and higher pharmacological activity compared to other formulations. Herbal emulgel of ethanolic extract of Pothos scandens shows significant improvement in burn wound contraction and hence this is a promising candidate in burn wound healin