Image compression based on 2D Discrete Fourier Transform and matrix minimization algorithm

In the present era of the internet and multimedia, image compression techniques are essential to improve image and video performance in terms of storage space, network bandwidth usage, and secure transmission. A number of image compression methods are available with largely differing compression ratios and coding complexity. In this paper we propose a new method for compressing high-resolution images based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Matrix Minimization (MM) algorithm. The method consists of transforming an image by DFT yielding the real and imaginary components. A quantization process is applied to both components independently aiming at increasing the number of high frequency coefficients. The real component matrix is separated into Low Frequency Coefficients (LFC) and High Frequency Coefficients (HFC). Finally, the MM algorithm followed by arithmetic coding is applied to the LFC and HFC matrices. The decompression algorithm decodes the data in reverse order. A sequential search algorithm is used to decode the data from the MM matrix. Thereafter, all decoded LFC and HFC values are combined into one matrix followed by the inverse DFT. Results demonstrate that the proposed method yields high compression ratios over 98% for structured light images with good image reconstruction. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed method compares favorably with the JPEG technique based on compression ratios and image quality

Epizootiološko istraživanje slinavke i šapa u Sudanu: stanje nakon dva desetljeća

In order to update information on the situation regarding foot and mouth disease (FMD) in the Sudan, a serosurvey and disease survey were conducted. Recently collected data on FMD in the Sudan showed that FMD is a major constraint to animal production in the country. It presents no threat nor does it cause mild disease in sheep and goats. The disease, with obvious clinical signs, has been detected in cattle only, and is caused by serotype O and SAT 2. Seasonal occurrence of the disease in the cold, dry season has been observed and animal movement seems to play a major role in virus dissemination. A total of 1,069 sera were collected from cattle, sheep, goats, and camel, from seven states in the Sudan, for the detection of antibodies to FMDV. Application of liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA revealed that antibodies to four serotypes were present in ruminants; namely O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2. No antibodies to FMDV were detected in camel sera. The results differed from early reports regarding the prevalence of serotype specifi c antibodies in different species; for instance, in cattle, the antibodies to type A (78.13%) surpassed that of type O (69.39%) and the antibodies to type SAT 2 (44%) surpassed that of type SAT 1 (20.2%). This work elucidates the current epidemiology of FMD in some parts of the Sudan.Radi pružanja informacija o sadašnjem stanju slinavke i šapa u Sudanu provedena su serološka istraživanja te je prikazana njezina pojavnost. Svježe prikupljeni podatci o pojavi slinavke i šapa u Sudanu pokazali su da ona predstavlja veliku prepreku životinjskoj proizvodnji u toj zemlji. U ovaca i koza javlja se kao blaga bolest i ne predstavlja veliku prijetnju, dok se u goveda javlja s očitim kliničkim znakovima, a uzrokovana je serotipovima O i SAT 2. Bolest se javlja sezonski u hladnoj i suhoj sezoni, a promet životinjama ima glavnu ulogu u širenju virusa. Ukupno je bilo prikupljeno 1069 uzoraka seruma goveda, ovaca, koza i deva podrijetlom iz sedam država u Sudanu radi pretrage na prisutnost protutijela za virus slinavke i šapa. Blokirajućim imunonenzimnim testom dokazana su protutijela za četiri serotipa virusa: O, A, SAT 1 i SAT 2. Protutijela za virus slinavke i šapa nisu bila dokazana u uzorcima seruma deva. Rezultati se razlikuju od ranijih izvješća s obzirom na prevalenciju specifi čnih protutijela u različitih vrsta. Npr., specifi čna protutijela za serotip A dokazana su u 78,13% goveda, za serotip O u 69,39%, serotip SAT 2 u 44% te serotip SAT 1 u 20,2% goveda. U radu je prikazano sadašnje epizootiološko stanje slinavke i šapa u nekim dijelovima Sudana

Servant leadership and academics outcomes in higher education: the role of job satisfaction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of servant leadership on work engagement and affective commitment among academics in higher education. Moreover, the paper highlights the role of job satisfaction as an intervening mechanism among the examined variables. Design/methodology/approach Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to academics working in the Palestinian higher education sector. We used structural equation modelling to examine the hypotheses. Findings A positive relationship was found between servant leadership and affective commitment. The relationship between servant leadership and work engagement is fully mediated by job satisfaction, whereas partial mediation was found between servant leadership and affective commitment. Both work engagement and affective commitment have a positive impact on academics' job performance. Practical implications The paper provides a fertile ground for higher education managers concerning the role of leadership in stimulating work engagement and organisational commitment among academics. Originality/value First, the paper is one of the few studies that empirically examines servant leadership in higher education using data coming from a non-Western context because most of the servant leadership research is conducted in the Western part of the world (Parris and Peachey, 2013). Second, we empirically provide evidence for the argument that servant leadership is needed in higher education. Third, the paper contributes to the limited body of research on work engagement and commitment in the higher education sector

Study the Optical and Structural Properties for Thin Film Zinc Oxide (ZNO) Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition

اغشيه اوكسيد الزنك المحضرة بتقنيه الترسيب بالليزر النبضي باستخدام ليزر النديميوم ياك Q-Switching ذو الطول الموجي( (1.06µm ومعدل تكرار(6Hz)  ولطاقه ليزر  500 mJ))   بتقنيه الفراغ ولضغط  تورر في درجه حراره الغرفة .  الخواص البصرية التي تتضمن معامل الامتصاصية ومعامل الخمود ومعامل الانكسار لأغشيه اوكسيد الزنك تم ايجادها ومناقشه النتائج . من طيف الامتصاصية لا وكسيد الزنك  اظهرت النتائج بانه يمتلك فجوه طاقه مباشره مقدارها((3eV . استخدم طيف تحويل فورير للأشعة تحت الحمراء لبيان وجود الأصرة بين الزنك والاوكسجين.                                                                                                   Zinc oxide (ZnO) was prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) using Q-Switching Nd: YAG laser with  =Nd:YAG laser ( a=1064 nm , f=6heposotion NE (ZnPc) THIN FILMS PREPARED BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION                1064 nm, Repetition rate (f )= 6 Hz , and Energy (E) = 500 mJ at room temperature under vacuum condition with torr. The optical properties included the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, index of refractive for the films of ZnO was evaluated and the results are discussed. The energy band gap of thin-film ZnO 3 (eV) at room temperature. The optical transition was found to be direct and allowed transition. Moreover, UV–visible spectra were used to evaluate the ZnO energy gap. FTIR spectra for ZnO used to the presence of  Zn-O bonding

Studying some approaches to estimate the smoothing parameter for the nonparametric regression model

Several previous studies have addressed various topics in regression analysis and estimation of the appropriate regression equation. It assumes that there is a known and pre-defined function relationship between variables. The studied variables are known for distribution using some known methods of estimation, such as the ordinary least squares method (OLS) and the maximum likelihood method (MLE). The parameter model can be estimated due to problems arising from the application of the parameter model, because the theoretical assumptions of the model application are not met. Here, we adopted another method of estimating the regression equation using non-parametric methods. It proved its efficiency and ability to analyze data without the need for prior assumptions on the model. Based on the adopted data, it determines the functional shape of the studied population. Therefore, the aim of this research is to use non-parametric smoothing methods to approximate the non-parametric regression function to the real regression function. This is done by using some non-parametric smoothing methods such as Kernel methods by Nadaraya-Watson and the method of the nearest neighbor (K-Nearest-Neighbor) depending on the bandwidth (h).The study uses the experimental method of simulation on two test functions. Three sizes of sample data (n = 15, n = 50, n = 75) and three values for random error variance (σ^2=0.5),(σ^2=1),(σ^2=2) are assumed. Kernel methods based on Nadaraya-Watson Smoothed Cross Validation are the best choice for the bandwidth of the first test function. On the other hand, Least Squared Cross Validation method for the forensic crossing is the best choice for the bandwidth of the second test function. The second one was better than the neighbor method closest to the first test function

Change of size and type of patent ductus arteriosus in a one year old infant during routine echocardiographic study

There are only very few publications which document reactivity of patent ductus arteriosus. This report documentes the reactivity of a patent arterial duct in a one year old infant, 6.5 kg weight during a routine echocardiographic color Doppler study. Echocardiographic images were obtained during conscious sedation.peer-reviewe