Congenital Malformation Pattern in Duhok City

This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of neonatal malformations in Duhok province by reviewing a database of all deliveries from January 1st 2006 to December 30th 2010 in Azadi hospital, The files of the delivery room and neonatal registry records were studied for all obvious congenital anomalies.During the five years study period a total of 79227 babies were born  at Azadi University hospital of which 1760  were stillbirth and 369 were surviving babies who had one or more congenital anomaly giving an incidence of 4.65/1000 live birth. The most involved system was the Central Nervous System forming nearly half of the entire defects (44.98%) with an incidence of 2.09/1000 birth, Hydrocephalus, Myelomeningocele and microcephaly together were the most prevalent CNS anomalies among all reported congenital malformations, followed by congenital heart diseases (0.65 /1000) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) being the most common lesion. The proportion of live born infants with chromosomal anomalies was 32 cases, contributing 8.67% of all malformations. Down syndrome was the leading defect followed by Turner syndrome , while musculoskeletal ,genitourinary and unclassified multiple system anomalies scored the incidence of  (0.26/1000), (0.25/1000) and (0.35/1000) respectively. The less common defects were sensory (0.21/1000), gastrointestinal (0.17/1000), teratoma(0.15/1000) and respiratory (0.08/10000). Keywords: Genetic disorders ,Birth defects prevalence, Genetic counseling

Localisation and in silico based functional analysis of miR-202 in bull testis

Bull fertility is pivotal to the prosperity of the cattle industry worldwide. miR‐202 has been shown to be gonad specific and to have key roles in gonad function in different species. To further understand the involvement of miR‐202 in bull reproduction, this study aimed to establish its localization in bovine testicular tissue and to identify putative biological functions using bioinformatics approaches. We assessed the miR‐202 expression in paraffin‐embedded tissue samples collected form an abattoir using in situ hybridization. miR‐202 was present in Sertoli cells and in germ cells at different stages of development. Using available databases, a total of 466 predicted gene targets of miR‐202 were identified. Functional annotation revealed that miR‐202 target genes were mainly associated with protein modification and phosphorylation processes as well as longevity regulating pathway. Moreover, genes in the longevity regulating pathway mapped to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which is involved in promoting proliferation of testicular cells and spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that miR‐202 plays important roles in regulating proliferation and viability of testicular cells including somatic and germ cells

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Oil from Henna Flower: Experimental, Mathematical Modeling, and Antioxidant Activity

Henna is a plant that has been used traditionally for coloring nail, skin, and hair, and as medicinal plant. The supercritical fluid technology offers a considerable promise as extraction media due to its advantages over other conventional extraction techniques. The extraction of volatile components from flowers of henna was studied using supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures and pressures ranging from 35 to 55°C and 80 to 120 bar, respectively. A maximum extraction yield of 31 % from 2g of henna flowers was obtained at 45 °C and 120 bar. The composition of the extracts was investigated by gas chromatography technique. Furthermore, the extracts were tested for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. No inhibition zone was observed in the antibacterial study; however, the extracts obtained at most of the extraction conditions exhibited antioxidant activity. A mathematical model of the extraction curve based on mass transfer principles was developed at all extraction conditions. Powell optimization method was used to obtain the model parameters by adjusting to experimental results. The calculated extraction yields were in good agreement with experimental results

Habilidades de redação desenvolvidas por meio do conteúdo integrado à linguagem

The aim of the study is to find out writing skills for business purposes that can be developed through Language Integrated Content. This was a exprimenal study and data was collected by questionnaires. To conduct this research, 20 teachers were selected as statistical sample. the results showed that there is significant difference in the performance of the students in the experimental group in which the CLIL was used. Students in the control group were taught features of business writing in the traditional way. Some sample business letters were also shown to them. Language teachers had a definitely positive attitude towards CLIL. They were prepared to create content with deliberate integration of desired language items or ready to identify content from various subjects that are packed with language items.El objetivo del estudio es descubrir las habilidades de escritura para fines comerciales que se pueden desarrollar a través del contenido integrado de Language. Este fue un estudio exprimenal y los datos fueron recolectados por cuestionarios. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, 20 profesores fueron seleccionados como muestra estadística. los resultados mostraron que existe una diferencia significativa en el rendimiento de los estudiantes en el grupo experimental en el que se utilizó el CLIL. A los estudiantes del grupo de control se les enseñaron las características de la escritura empresarial de la manera tradicional. También se les mostraron algunas muestras de cartas comerciales. Los profesores de idiomas tenían una actitud definitivamente positiva hacia CLIL. Estaban preparados para crear contenido con la integración deliberada de los elementos del idioma deseado o listos para identificar el contenido de varias materias que están llenas de elementos del idioma.O objetivo do estudo é descobrir habilidades de escrita para fins comerciais que possam ser desenvolvidas através do Conteúdo Integrado da Linguagem. Este foi um estudo experimental e os dados foram coletados por questionários. Para conduzir esta pesquisa, 20 professores foram selecionados como amostra estatística. os resultados mostraram que há diferença significativa no desempenho dos alunos do grupo experimental em que o CLIL foi utilizado. Os alunos do grupo de controle foram ensinados recursos de escrita de negócios da maneira tradicional. Alguns exemplos de cartas comerciais também foram mostrados a eles. Os professores de línguas tinham uma atitude positiva em relação ao CLIL. Eles estavam preparados para criar conteúdo com integração deliberada de itens de linguagem desejados ou prontos para identificar conteúdo de vários assuntos que estão repletos de itens de linguagem

Evaluation of Hepcidin Hormone and Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Children Patients with β-Thalassaemia Intermedia Before and After Blood Transfusion

Background:"thalassaemia" refers to a group of blood diseases characterized by low or absent synthesis of normal globin chains. Depending on the chain whose synthesis is impaired, the thalassaemias are called α‒, β‒,ɣ‒ ,σ‒ or ԑɣσβ-thalassaemias . Most thalassaemias are inherited as recessive traits.Objective: the aim of this study is evaluated hepcidin levels, transferrin, ferritin, serum iron and total iron bending capacity [TIBC] before and after blood transfusion of thalassaemia patients.Methods: In this study, we take 80 persons the age of them were mean±SD (9.68±2.08), 40 patients with β-thalassaemia intermedia, and 40 healthy persons as control. We take blood 5ml from thalassaemia's patients before blood transfusion and after transfusion of blood by 3 days. The total number of the samples we taken are 120, 40 samples before blood transfusion, 40 samples after blood transfusion and 40 control samples. Then we separated each sample into two tubes.Result: increase iron absorption of thalassaemia patient after blood transfusion due to decrease level of hepcidin.Conclusion: from this study was appear iron absorption meanly affect by hepcidin level, so that hepcidin was highly significant change in thalassaemia patient after blood transfusion and that lead to iron overload. So conclude high levels of ferritin after blood transfusion due to blood uptake lead to increase iron storage (ferritin). Keywords: β-thalassaemia intermidia, hepcidin, serum iron and ferritin (iron storage)

Oscillations of Third Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients

In this paper oscillation criterion is investigated for all solutions of the third-order non linear neutral  differential equations with positive and negative coefficients

Evaluation of Hepcidin Hormone and Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Children Patients with β-Thalassaemia Intermedia Before and After Blood Transfusion

Background:"thalassaemia" refers to a group of blood diseases characterized by low or absent synthesis of normal globin chains. Depending on the chain whose synthesis is impaired, the thalassaemias are called α‒, β‒,ɣ‒ ,σ‒ or ԑɣσβ-thalassaemias . Most thalassaemias are inherited as recessive traits.Objective: the aim of this study is evaluated hepcidin levels, transferrin, ferritin, serum iron and total iron bending capacity [TIBC] before and after blood transfusion of thalassaemia patients.Methods: In this study, we take 80 persons the age of them were mean±SD (9.68±2.08), 40 patients with β-thalassaemia intermedia, and 40 healthy persons as control. We take blood 5ml from thalassaemia's patients before blood transfusion and after transfusion of blood by 3 days. The total number of the samples we taken are 120, 40 samples before blood transfusion, 40 samples after blood transfusion and 40 control samples. Then we separated each sample into two tubes.Result: increase iron absorption of thalassaemia patient after blood transfusion due to decrease level of hepcidin.Conclusion: from this study was appear iron absorption meanly affect by hepcidin level, so that hepcidin was highly significant change in thalassaemia patient after blood transfusion and that lead to iron overload. So conclude high levels of ferritin after blood transfusion due to blood uptake lead to increase iron storage (ferritin). Keywords: β-thalassaemia intermidia, hepcidin, serum iron and ferritin (iron storage)

Differential Gene Expression Profiles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from Kurdistan, Iraq

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease, generally comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has become a significant global public health concern in the last decade. The present study aimed to determine the alterations of the whole genomic expression profile among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to provide the expression profile of IBD patients for the first time in this geographic location, as there are very few articles in the literature addressing this specific aspect. Methods: A study conducted in Erbil province, Kurdistan region of Iraq, from July 2021 to July 2022 compared the genome expression profiles of 10 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases to their matched controls. The sequences used in the design of this array were selected from GenBank®, dbEST, and RefSeq, Whole blood RNA extracted and hybridization on GeneChip® human genome U133A 2.0. The Scanner 3000 was used for the scanning high-resolution image and operating software (GCOS) was used for reading the results. Results: Shared upregulated genes between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were (RIT2, BCL2L1, MDM2, and FKBP8) while shared downregulated genes were (NFKBIB, DDX24, and RASA3). Conclusions: Upregulated and downregulated gene expression patterns are detected in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, offering diagnostic potential and opportunities for treatment by targeting the associated pathways. Keywords:  Crohn’s disease, Expression, Erbil, Gene, Ulcerative colitis

Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Columns with or without Steel Ties

In this paper, an experimental work was carried out to investigate the behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC) columns with or without steel ties. The main objective of this work is to investigate experimentally the behavior of RPC columns, to search the effect of the experimental variables, type of concrete (RPC and NSC), percentage of micro steel fibers and spacing between steel ties. Twelve RPC columns and five NSC columns were cast and tested under concentric axial compression load up to failure and the results are reported herein. The experimental results showed that RPC column specimens failed in a controlled manner without observing spalling of concrete cover or buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement to well beyond the peak load due to the inclusion of steel fibers in RPC. Also, the space and amount of steel ties affect the load carrying capacity of columns by increasing the load carrying capacity with decreasing spacing of lateral ties. Keywords: Reactive powder concrete, Steel ties, Crack width, Load carrying capacity

Data aggregation in wireless sensor networks with minimum delay and minimum use of energy: A comparative study

Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC), 2015. First published in the Electronic Workshops in Computing series at http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/bcsme2014.2The prime objective of deploying large- scale wireless sensor networks is to collect information from to control systems associated with these networks. Wireless sensor networks are widely used in application domains such as security and inspection, environmental monitoring, warfare, and other situations especially where immediate responses are required such as disasters and medical emergency. Whenever there is a growth there are challenges and to cope with these challenges strategies and solutions must be developed. This paper discusses the recently addressed issues of data aggregation through presenting a comparative study of different research work done on minimizing delay in different structures of wireless sensor networks. Finally we introduce our proposed method to minimize both delay and power consumption using a tree based clustering scheme with partial data aggregation