Effect of lidocaine jelly on the post tonsillectomy complications

Background and aim: Laryngospasm, laryngitis and bleeding are the most serious complications after tonsillectomy. In this study, the frequency of these complications and their correlation with age, sex and application of lidocaine jelly has been assessed. Method: The sample consisted of 100 patients aged from 5 to15 years undergoing tonsillectomy in Resalat hospital of Shahrekord, during 6 months. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups. Case group intubated with 2% lidocaine gel via the endotracheal tube, and control group intubated without lidocaine gel. Laryngospasm, laryngitis and bleeding were recorded during the first postoperative day. Results: The incidence of laryngospasm and laryngitis was 8% and 17% respectively. There were no correlations between these problems and age or sex. The incidence of bleeding was 16% that was higher in older and female patients. The endotracheal tube lubrication with 2% lidocaine gel attenuated laryngospasm during recovery after tonsillectomy in children but it was not effective on laryngitis and bleeding. Conclusion: The application of lidocaine gelly after tonsilectomy for prevention of laryngospasm is recomended

A comparative study on the structure of English abstracts of Persian and English medical journals

زمینه و هدف: امروزه مقاله نویسی علمی اهمیت خاصی پیدا کرده است و بهترین راه به اشتراک گذاشتن دستاوردهای علمی بنظر میرسد به شرط آنکه معیارهای تعیین شده مرتبط با زبان مقاله نویسی رعایت گردد. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی انحرافات ساختاری چکیده های ترجمه انگلیسی چاپ شده در مجلات فارسی زبان ایرانی و مقایسه آنها با چکیده هایی است که از ابتدا به زبان انگلیسی نوشته شده و در مجلات بین المللی پزشکی به چاپ رسیده اند. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی تعداد 64 چکیده (32 چکیده از مجلات ایرانی و 32 چکیده از مجلات بین المللی) بر اساس مدل پیشنهادی Swales مورد تجزیه و تحلیل و مقایسه قرار گرفت. بررسی دقیق تری هم بر اساس مدلCARS (Create A Research Space) پیشنهاد شده توسطSwales در قسمت مقدمه این چکیده ها انجام شد. توالی مقدمه، مواد و روش ها، یافته ها و نتیجه گیری (IMRC=Introduction, Methods, Results, Conclusion) به عنوان قسمتهای ساختاری جهت بررسی در نظر گرفته شد. داده ها به کمک آزمون های آماری کای اسکوئر و آزمون دقیق فیشر تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد در حالی که چکیده های ترجمه شده همگی توالی IMRC را رعایت کرده اند، در چکیده های اصیل انگلیسی زبان این توالی کاملاً رعایت نشده است. در قسمت مقدمه چکیده ها، اختلاف معنی داری در نگارش بیان هدف تحقیق وجود داشت که در چکیده های ترجمه شده بیشتر به چشم می خورد (001/0

Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation With Laryngoscopic Exam Test: A New Method.

Airway assessment is fundamental skill for anesthesiologists and failure to maintain a patient's airway is the tremendous cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. None of the tests which have recommended for predicting difficult intubation stands out to be the best clinical test or have high diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to determine the utility of a new test as "laryngoscopic exam test (LET)" in predicting difficult intubation. Three hundred and eleven patients aged 16-60 years participated and completed the study. Airway assessment was carried out with modified Mallampati test, upper lip bit test and LET preoperatively, and Cormack and Lehane's grading of laryngoscopy were assessed during intubation as a gold standard, and difficult laryngoscopy was considered as Cormack and Lehane's grade ΙΙΙ or ΙV of laryngoscopic view. The incidence of difficult intubation was 6.1%. The LET showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (P<0.05), without revealing significant differences among three tests (P=0.375). The LET is a simple bedside test and an alternative method for predicting difficult intubation

Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Color Doppler Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment

Purpose: This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) in patients with suspected retinal detachment (RD) who underwent surgery. Methods: In this prospective, observational clinical study, 65 eyes of 65 consecutive patients with suspected RD with opaque media were included. Following a standardized protocol, CDUS of the retina of the affected eye was performed. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CDUS were determined and compared to the findings during surgery. Results: The mean age of patients (18 men and 47 women) was 52.36 years (range: 8–77 years). The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of ocular CDUS were 91.3%, 88.1%, and 89.2%, respectively. The false-negative rate (negative CDUS images but presence of RD at operation) was 3.1% (2/65) and the false-positive rate (positive CDUS images but absence of RD at operation) was 7.7% (5/65). Conclusion: CDUS of the retina could be considered as a promising tool in the diagnosis of RD in patients with opaque media

Bilateral Angle-Closure Glaucoma in a Young Female Receiving Cabergoline: A Case Report

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma after oral administration of cabergoline for the treatment of galactorrhea. Methods: A diagnosis of secondary drug-induced angle-closure glaucoma was made in a patient with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and myopic refractive shift, which was confirmed by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the ciliary body and anterior segment, sonography, and optical coherence tomography. The treatment included the discontinuation of the culprit drug and the administration of topical anti-glaucoma drops. The treatment course was followed with serial measurements of the IOP and refraction, and with performing UBM. Results: Five hours after he received a single 0.5-mg oral cabergoline tablet, the patient suffered from acute secondary angle-closure glaucoma and myopic refractive error. UBM demonstrated both effusion of the ciliary body and an anterior rotation of the iris-ciliary body. IOP was reduced 8 h after cessation of the causative agent and administration of anti-glaucoma drops. Refractive errors returned to normal levels after 8 days. Conclusion: Secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma has been reported to occur after the administration of some drugs. In this report, an attempt has been made to describe this adverse reaction after oral cabergoline intake

Effect of Ramadan fasting on physiologic myopia

زمینه و هدف: نزدیک بینی از شایع ترین نوع عیوب انکساری چشم است. با توجه به اینکه تغذیه از جمله عوامل متعددی است که در ایجاد میوپی دخیل میباشد . این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان تاثیر روزه داری بر مقدار میوپی در طی ماه مبارک رمضان انجام شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 122 چشم از 61 نفر انجام شد. جامعه مورد بررسی افراد میوپ مذکر با درجه نزدیک بینی 50/0- تا 00/8- دیوپتر در سنین 50-22 سال بودند. قبل از ماه مبارک رمضان کلیه افراد تحت معاینه کامل چشمی قرار گرفتند و عیب انکساری آنها با روش Cycloplegic refraction اندازه گیری شد. پس از پایان ماه مبارک رمضان در افرادی که توفیق روزه داری به مدت حداقل 29 روز را داشتند مجدداً معاینات چشمی شامل حدت بینایی و عیب انکساری و معاینه با Slit lamp و فوندوسکپی انجام شد و نتایج قبل و بعد از روزه داری با استفاده از آزمون t زوج مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی بیماران 24/11±20/31 (دامنه 50-22) سال بود. حدت بینایی تمام بیماران 20/20 بود. میانگین عیب انکساری افراد قبل و پس از روزه داری به ترتیب 80/2±21/3- و 00/3±16/3- دیوپتر به دست آمد (05/0P>). نتیجه گیری: روزه داری در افراد مذکر بالای 22 سال موجب تغییر مقدار میوپی نمی شود

Towards Long-term and Archivable Reproducibility

Analysis pipelines commonly use high-level technologies that are popular when created, but are unlikely to be readable, executable, or sustainable in the long term. A set of criteria is introduced to address this problem: Completeness (no execution requirement beyond a minimal Unix-like operating system, no administrator privileges, no network connection, and storage primarily in plain text); modular design; minimal complexity; scalability; verifiable inputs and outputs; version control; linking analysis with narrative; and free software. As a proof of concept, we introduce "Maneage" (Managing data lineage), enabling cheap archiving, provenance extraction, and peer verification that been tested in several research publications. We show that longevity is a realistic requirement that does not sacrifice immediate or short-term reproducibility. The caveats (with proposed solutions) are then discussed and we conclude with the benefits for the various stakeholders. This paper is itself written with Maneage (project commit eeff5de).Comment: The downloadable source (on arXiv) includes the full/automatic reproduction info (scripts, config files and input data links). Supplementary datasets and source also available on Zenodo.3872248: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4291207 . v2: Referee points addressed, two appendices adde

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: an analysis of 2315 eyes over a six-year period

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a form of retinal detachment caused by passage of fluid from the vitreous cavity into the space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium via a retinal break or full-thickness defect. At our tertiary referral center, we evaluated the clinical and epidemiological features of RRD, and we herein report the frequency of related risk factors. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of patients with a final diagnosis of RRD at an academic ophthalmological referral center in Isfahan, Iran, over a six-year period. We retrieved and reviewed data from the medical records of all eligible participants, including sex, age, laterality, lens status, macular status, type of RRD, location and number of breaks, type of surgery, rate of re-operation during the first year after initial surgery, and documented clinical risk factors for RRD. Clinical risk factors were categorized as the presence of myopic refractive error, ocular trauma, history of cataract surgery, history of other ocular surgeries, history of uveitis, or undetermined. Results: We included 2315 eyes of 2229 patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 51.1 (16.9) years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The most common quadrants containing retinal breaks were the superotemporal quadrant (34.1%), inferotemporal quadrant (23.4%), and superonasal quadrant (10.7%). Macula-involved RRD was seen in 90% of eyes (n=2083 eyes). The most frequently identified risk factors were cataract surgery (32.9%) and myopia (22.3%) in adults, and myopia (35.0%) and ocular trauma (27.4%) in the pediatric group. Most eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy (51.3%), whereas pneumatic retinopexy (0.7%) was the least commonly selected. Conclusions: Our results indicate that cataract surgery and myopia are the most common risk factors for RRD in adults. Myopia and ocular trauma are the most common risk factors in pediatric patients. As observed in many studies, the characteristics of the study population, including middle age, male sex, myopia, and ocular trauma, may be associated with RRD at different rates. Further population-based longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify these preliminary observations

Lazer Navigating System: A New System for Finding and Removing Forigner Bodies

Finding Foreign Bodies (FB) inside different parts of the body have been difficult for all of the surgeons. Although at first it seems easy to remove these FB but during operation many problem for their removing can occurs, the most important of them is that they can not be find. Many orthopedists, general surgeons and neurosurgeons had experienced with this problem. In this study we are trying to show the efficacy of Lazer Navigating System (LNS) a new system that we have designed for finding and removing FB inside different parts of ..

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed