Upscaling of sagd process using spectrum-based analysis for heterogeneius reservoirs

The main objective for this work is to predict the impact of heterogeneity in the rock and fluid properties on the governing equations in modeling of SAGD process. To serve this purpose, a spectrum-based upscaling approach is applied on the governing equations.;A probability-based analysis is used to include heterogeneity in the fluid and rock properties by assigning random perturbation fields to each property. Furthermore, each property is decomposed into the expectation and perturbation values. Heat diffusion and Darcy equations are upscaled by applying Fourier-Stieltjes transform. The upscaled equations embrace the heterogeneity in permeability and thermal diffusivity and can predict the flow rate and shape of boundary. The upscaled model that includes heterogeneity of reservoir properties is compared with the deterministic solutions (original Butler\u27s model) to quantify the impacts of variation in each property on the SAGD efficiency.;The verification and validation of the developed results for the heat equation is done by numerical simulations of models with synthetic heterogeneities; then, a harmonic distribution is assigned to the perturbations of the thermal diffusivity and permeability to calculate the flow rate. In general, there is no standard analytical correlation between permeability and thermal diffusivity of the porous media. In order to investigate the impact of these properties on SAGD, two different cases of positive and negative log-linear correlation (c) between permeability and thermal diffusivity are considered. The results show that in a heterogeneous porous medium with both positive and negative correlations between permeability and thermal diffusivity, the perturbation of thermal diffusivity impairs the efficiency of the SAGD process and its effect is more significant than permeability perturbations. Unlike thermal diffusivity, heterogeneity of permeability, depending on the nature of its correlation with thermal diffusivity, may have either negative or positive effect on SAGD process

Acidic Brønsted Ionic Liquids Catalyzed the Preparation of 1-((Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)-methyl)naphthalen-2-ol Derivatives 1-[(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)methyl]- 2-naphthol

The acidic ionic liquids, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([Et3NH]HSO4), 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4), 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride ([Msim]Cl), and 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4) catalyzed three-component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-aminobenzothiazole, and β-naphthol to afford corresponding 1-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)-methyl)naphthalen-2-ol derivatives. The inexpensive and non-toxic ionic liquids can be reused several times without noticeable loss of their activities.KEYWORDS Aldehyde, 2-aminobenzothiazole, β-naphthol, ionic liquids, catalyst, green chemistry

A study on the role of transformational leadership in employee empowerment

The purpose of this study is to survey the role of the transformational leadership in employee empowerment in the Northern Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 200 employees were selected as the statistical sample by using relative stratified sampling. To measure the variables under study, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and psychological empowerment standard questionnaire were used. The multiple regressions test was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that there is a positive significant correlation between transformational leadership and employee empowerment although there was not any significant relationship between some aspects of transformational leadership such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation and intellectual encouragement and empowerment. Furthermore, there is a weak significant positive correlation between the individual and employees empowering consideration. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of education and use of transformational leadership styles so that managers can empower their employees to the extent possible

A study on the role of transformational leadership in employee empowerment

The purpose of this study is to survey the role of the transformational leadership in employee empowerment in the Northern Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 200 employees were selected as the statistical sample by using relative stratified sampling. To measure the variables under study, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and psychological empowerment standard questionnaire were used. The multiple regressions test was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that there is a positive significant correlation between transformational leadership and employee empowerment although there was not any significant relationship between some aspects of transformational leadership such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation and intellectual encouragement and empowerment. Furthermore, there is a weak significant positive correlation between the individual and employees empowering consideration. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of education and use of transformational leadership styles so that managers can empower their employees to the extent possible

Folate-conjugated nanoparticles as a potent therapeutic approach in targeted cancer therapy

The selective and efficient drug delivery to tumor cells can remarkably improve different cancer therapeutic approaches. There are several nanoparticles (NPs) which can act as a potent drug carrier for cancer therapy. However, the specific drug delivery to cancer cells is an important issue which should be considered before designing new NPs for in vivo application. It has been shown that cancer cells over-express folate receptor (FR) in order to improve their growth. As normal cells express a significantly lower levels of FR compared to tumor cells, it seems that folate molecules can be used as potent targeting moieties in different nanocarrier-based therapeutic approaches. Moreover, there is evidence which implies folate-conjugated NPs can selectively deliver anti-tumor drugs into cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will discuss about the efficiency of different folate-conjugated NPs in cancer therapy. © 2015, International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM)

Customized Oral Corrective Feedback: Learners’ Preferences and Personality Traits

This study aims at investigating second language learners’ preferences for receiving oral corrective feedback on lexical and grammatical errors in relation to their personality traits. Given the established benefits of providing corrective feedback, the question remains how to customize corrective feedback in order to be effective and appropriate to the individual’s personality. For this purpose, 324 language learners in a language institution were asked to complete Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and feedback preference questionnaires. T-test showed that more extroverted learners prefer explicit and immediate feedback while more introverted ones prefer implicit and non-immediate feedback. Moreover, introverts preferred recasts for lexical and grammatical errors while extroverts preferred explicit correction and metalinguistic feedback the most. A follow-up content analysis of interview data revealed learners’ reasons regarding their preferences for receiving corrective feedback. Interviewed extroverts mentioned that explicit correction eliminated ambiguities of peer correction and metalinguistic feedback helped to feel independent. However, recasts were disliked by extroverts because they could not notice the correction, whereas welcomed by introverts due to their least obtrusive nature

International Hospital Performance Assessment: Developing a Questionnaire

Background: As there is no valid questionnaire for assessing international hospital performance from providers’ perspective, this study aimed to develop a reliable as well as valid questionnaire for Iranian hospitals.Materials and Methods: To develop the International Hospital Performance Assessment (IHPA) questionnaire, literature review did and comparative study conducted for extracting relevant items from twenty leader hospitals in all over the world. After that, to design the questionnaire and estimate its content validity index and ratio (CVI, CVR), 20 medical tourism experts selected. Then, questionnaire‘s construct validity (CVI & CVR) determined by using SPSS version 21 as well as exploratory factor analysis. Finally, reliability assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results: The content validity of the questionnaire determined as (CVI= 0.85, CVR= 0.60). According to expert opinion 5 dimensions of the questionnaire selected from World Health Organization hospital performance framework, which were clinical effectiveness and patient safety, efficiency, patient centeredness, governance responsiveness and even staff orientation. Furthermore, results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire contained 45 items and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.687.Conclusion: Results indicated that standard IHPA questionnaire with 45 items in 5 dimensions developed as a tool for measuring hospitals’ quality of care in Iran

International Hospitals’ Performance Variables: A Comparative Study

Background: To define a series of variable that separates international hospitals from other ones is the main aim of this study.Materials and Methods: After choosing some countries in the worldwide, two hospitals, which were the leaders on international patients’ admissions, were selected for investigating their main indicators according to world health organization framework for demonstrating performance assessment to attract patients from the universe.Results: Under the first performance assessment dimension clinical effectiveness and safety, in chosen hospitals of Australia as Malaysia found (4), New Zealand (9), India (7) and Iran (1) indicator (s). The production efficiency and staff orientation dimensions concluded no difference in terms of quantity and type of indicators via countries. Next aspect as patient centeredness was consisted of 4 indicators in Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (5). Eventually, eight indicators asset from Australia, New Zealand (2), India (6) and Iran (6) for responsive governance.Conclusion: Although the variables of international hospital’s performance assessment were the same with others, these should be more highlighted for attracting worldwide patients and strongly recommends the international authority for quality assurance