A Novel Adaptive LBP-Based Descriptor for Color Image Retrieval

In this paper, we present two approaches to extract discriminative features for color image retrieval. The proposed local texture descriptors, based on Radial Mean Local Binary Pattern (RMLBP), are called Color RMCLBP (CRMCLBP) and Prototype Data Model (PDM). RMLBP is a robust to noise descriptor which has been proposed to extract texture features of gray scale images for texture classification. For the first descriptor, the Radial Mean Completed Local Binary Pattern is applied to channels of the color space, independently. Then, the final descriptor is achieved by concatenating the histogram of the CRMCLBP_S/M/C component of each channel. Moreover, to enhance the performance of the proposed method, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for feature weighting. The second proposed descriptor, PDM, uses the three outputs of CRMCLBP (CRMCLBP_S, CRMCLBP_M, CRMCLBP_C) as discriminative features for each pixel of a color image. Then, a set of representative feature vectors are selected from each image by applying k-means clustering algorithm. This set of selected prototypes are compared by means of a new similarity measure to find the most relevant images. Finally, the weighted versions of PDM is constructed using PSO algorithm. Our proposed methods are tested on Wang, Corel-5k, Corel-10k and Holidays datasets. The results show that our proposed methods makes an admissible tradeoff between speed and retrieval accuracy. The first descriptor enhances the state-of-the-art color texture descriptors in both aspects. The second one is a very fast retrieval algorithm which extracts discriminative features

A Structural Based Feature Extraction for Detecting the Relation of Hidden Substructures in Coral Reef Images

In this paper, we present an efficient approach to extract local structural color texture features for classifying coral reef images. Two local texture descriptors are derived from this approach. The first one, based on Median Robust Extended Local Binary Pattern (MRELBP), is called Color MRELBP (CMRELBP). CMRELBP is very accurate and can capture the structural information from color texture images. To reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector, the second descriptor, co-occurrence CMRELBP (CCMRELBP) is introduced. It is constructed by applying the Integrative Co-occurrence Matrix (ICM) on the Color MRELBP images. This way we can detect and extract the relative relations between structural texture patterns. Moreover, we propose a multiscale LBP based approach with these two schemes to capture microstructure and macrostructure texture information. The experimental results on coral reef (EILAT, EILAT2, RSMAS, and MLC) and four well-known texture datasets (OUTEX, KTH-TIPS, CURET, and UIUCTEX) show that the proposed scheme is quite effective in designing an accurate, robust to noise, rotation and illumination invariant texture classification system. Moreover, it makes an admissible tradeoff between accuracy and number of features

Expression of RecF and GyrB Genes in a Low Ciprofloxacin-resistant ‎Escherichia coli Mutant

Introduction: Replication and recombination are two fundamental cellular processes. GyrB and RecF are two proteins that are involved in these processes, respectively. GyrB is a subunit of DNA gyrase, the enzyme maintains negative supercoil in genomic DNA. RecF helps to load RecA in a single-strand gap, which is then repaired by RecA. Genes encoding these proteins are located in the same operon. Besides the general promoter, which is used in logarithmic phase, RecF has its own promoter, which is activated in stationary phase.   The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of these genes and to estimate the pattern of RecF expression in the presence of ciprofloxacin. Materials and Methods: RNAs of the cells were first extracted in logarithmic phase and after cDNA synthesis, the relative expression of these genes was determined in the E. coli mutant with low resistance to ciprofloxacin by Real-Time PCR. Results: Results showed that both genes are overexpressed similarly in the mutant cell treated with a low amount of ciprofloxacin in the exponential phase of growth. Conclusion: The present work revealed that the variety and the number of the Cyanobacteria in this desert area are dependent on different parameters such as weather, humidity, source of nutrients, the amount of light absorbed by the surface and the temperature. The results of molecular identification validated the results of morphological tests

The preventive effects of natural adjuvants, G2 and G2F on tracheal responsiveness and serum IL-4 and IFN-? (th1/th2 balance) in sensitized guinea pigs

OBJECTIVE: The effects of natural adjuvants on lung inflammation and tracheal responsiveness were examined in sensitized guinea pigs. METHODS: The responses of guinea pig tracheal chains and the serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma were examined in control pigs and three other groups of guinea pigs: the sensitized group and two other sensitized groups treated with either adjuvant G2 or adjuvant G2F (n = 7 for each group). Sensitization of the animals was achieved by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin. RESULTS: The results showed that sensitized animals had increased tracheal responsiveness and increased serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma compared to controls (

Optimization of the conditions for production of synthetic seeds by encapsulation of axillary buds derived from minituber sprouts in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

[EN] Synthetic seed technology is a convenient alternative to conventional multiplication in potato. In this work, we studied and optimized the process of alginate encapsulation of axillary buds derived from potato minituber sprouts (PMSs). We assayed different concentrations of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and matrix culture media, different explant sizes, different concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBr) applied at different stages of the encapsulation process, different planting substrates and different cold storage periods in order to determine the best conditions for encapsulation in cvs. Sante and Agria. The conditions that resulted in the greatest regrowth rates and speed in both cultivars involved the choice of 2 3 mmlong buds, a 2 days pre-culture of buds in culture medium supplemented with 10-6 M EBr, encapsulation in 3 % sodium alginate with 1 % CaCl2 and full-strength MS culture medium, regrowth in solid MS culture medium and then transfer to coco peat (coir fiber pith) for conversion into plantlets. We also found that buds encapsulated under these conditions maintained the initial viability rates for up to 120 days in Sante and 90 days in Agria , although regrowth speed decreased after 60 days in both cultivars. We demonstrate the possibility of producing synthetic seeds efficiently using axillary buds derived from PMSs.Ghambarali, S.; Abdollahi, MR.; Zolnorian, H.; Moosavi, SS.; Seguí-Simarro, JM. (2016). Optimization of the conditions for production of synthetic seeds by encapsulation of axillary buds derived from minituber sprouts in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 126(3):449-458. doi:10.1007/s11240-016-1013-6S4494581263Adriani M, Piccioni E, Standardi A (2000) Effect of different treatments on the conversion of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit synthetic seeds to whole plants following encapsulation of in vitro-derived buds. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 28:59–67Ahmad N, Anis M (2010) Direct plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Vitex negundo. Biol Plant 54:748–752Azpeitia A, Chan JL, Saenz L, Oropeza C (2003) Effect of 22(S),23(S)-homobrassinolide on somatic embryogenesis in plumule explants of Cocos nucifera (L.) cultured in vitro. J Hortic Sci Biotech 78:591–596Brosa C (1999) Biological effects of brassinosteroids. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 34:339–358Bustam S, Sinniah UR, Kadir MA, Zaman FQ, Subramaniam S (2012) Selection of optimal stage for protocorm-like bodies and production of artificial seeds for direct regeneration on different media and short term storage of Dendrobium Shavin White. Plant Growth Regul 69:215–224Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM (2014) Refining the method for eggplant microspore culture: effect of abscisic acid, epibrassinolide, polyethylene glycol, naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and arabinogalactan proteins. Euphytica 195:369–382Divi UK, Rahman T, Krishna P (2010) Brassinosteroid-mediated stress tolerance in Arabidopsis shows interactions with abscisic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid pathways. BMC Plant Biol 10:151Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1–42Estrada R, Tovar P, Dodds JH (1986) Induction of in vitro tubers in a broad range of potato genotypes. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 7:3–10Faisal M, Anis M (2007) Regeneration of plants from alginate-encapsulated shoots of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill, an endangered medicinal plant. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 82:351–354Fujioka S, Yokota T (2003) Biosynthesis and metabolism of brassinosteroids. Ann Rev Plant Biol 54:137–164Gantait S, Kundu S, Ali N, Sahu NC (2015) Synthetic seed production of medicinal plants: a review on influence of explants, encapsulation agent and matrix. Acta Physiol Plant 37:1–12Grove MD, Spencer GF, Rohwedder WK, Mandava N, Worley JF, Warthen JD, Steffens GL, Flippenanderson JL, Cook JC (1979) Brassinolide, a plant growth-promoting steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen. Nature 281:216–217Hung CD, Trueman SJ (2012a) Alginate encapsulation of shoot tips and nodal segments for short-term storage and distribution of the eucalypt Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora. Acta Physiol Plant 34:117–128Hung CD, Trueman SJ (2012b) Preservation of encapsulated shoot tips and nodes of the tropical hardwoods Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora and Khaya senegalensis. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult 109:341–352Jones ED (1988) A current assessment of in vitro culture and other rapid multiplication methods in North America and Europe. Am Potato J 65:209–220Kagale S, Divi UK, Krochko JE, Keller WA, Krishna P (2007) Brassinosteroid confers tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus to a range of abiotic stresses. Planta 225:353–364Kitto SL, Janick J (1982) Polyox as an artificial seed coat for asexual embryos. HortScience 17:488Larkin PJ, Davies PA, Tanner GJ (1988) Nurse culture of low numbers of Medicago and Nicotiana protoplasts using calcium alginate beads. Plant Sci 58:203–210Leclerc Y, Donnelly DJ, Coleman WK, King RR (1995) Microtuber dormancy in three potato cultivars. Am Potato J 72:215–223Machii H, Yamanouchi H (1993) Growth of mulberry synthetic seeds on vermiculite, sand and soil media. J Seric Sci Jpn 62:85–87Maguire JD (1962) Speed of germination—aid in selection ane evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci 2:176–177Micheli M, Pellegrino S, Piccioni E, Standardi A (2002) Effects of double encapsulation and coating on synthetic seed conversion in M.26 apple rootstock. J Microencapsul 19:347–356Murashige T (1977) Plant cell and organ cultures as horticultural practices. Acta Hortic 78:17–30Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–479Naik PS, Karihaloo JL (2007) Micropropagation for production of quality potato seed in Asia-pacific. Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology, New DelhiNaik PS, Sarkar D (1997) Influence of light-induced greening on storage of potato microtubers. Biol Plant 39:31–34Nakashita H, Yasuda M, Nitta T, Asami T, Fujioka S, Arai Y, Sekimata K, Takatsuto S, Yamaguchi I, Yoshida S (2003) Brassinosteroid functions in a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice. Plant J 33:887–898Nassar KAM, Kubow S, Donnelly JD (2015) Somatic Embryogenesis for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) improvement. In: Li X-Q, Donnelly JD, Jensen GT (eds) Somatic genome manipulation: advances, methods, and applications. Springer, New York, pp 169–197Nuñez M, Siqueira WJ, Hernandez M, Zullo MAT, Robaina C, Coll F (2004) Effect of spirostane analogues of brassinosteroids on callus formation and plant regeneration in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 78:97–99Nyende AB, Schittenhelm S, Mix-Wagner G, Greef J-M (2003) Production, storability, and regeneration of shoot tips of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) encapsulated in calcium alginate hollow beads. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39:540–544Oh MH, Clouse SD (1998) Brassinolide affects the rate of cell division in isolated leaf protoplasts of Petunia hybrida. Plant Cell Rep 17:921–924Parveen S, Shahzad A (2014) Encapsulation of nodal segments of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. for short-term storage and germplasm exchange. Acta Physiol Plant 36(3):635–640Pullman GS, Zhang Y, Phan BH (2003) Brassinolide improves embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers and rice. Plant Cell Rep 22:96–104Rai MK, Asthana P, Singh SK, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2009) The encapsulation technology in fruit plants—a review. Biotechnol Adv 27:671–679Redenbaugh K, Paasch BD, Nichol JW, Kossler ME, Viss PR, Walker KA (1986) Somatic seeds: encapsulation of asexual plant embryos. Nat Biotechnol 4:797–801Rihan HZ, Al-Issawi M, Burchett S, Fuller MP (2011) Encapsulation of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) microshoots as artificial seeds and their conversion and growth in commercial substrates. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 107:243–250Saha S, Sengupta C, Ghosh P (2015) Encapsulation, short-term storage, conservation and molecular analysis to assess genetic stability in alginate-encapsulated microshoots of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 120:519–530Sarkar D, Naik PS (1997) Nutrient-encapsulation of potato nodal segments for germplasm exchange and distribution. Biol Plant 40:285–290Sarkar D, Naik PS (1998) Synseeds in potato: an investigation using nutrient-encapsulated in vitro nodal segments. Sci Hortic 73:179–184Sasaki H (2002) Brassinolide promotes adventitious shoot regeneration from cauliflower hypocotyl segments. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 71:111–116Schafer-Menuhr A, Mix-Wagner G, Vorlop K (2003) Regeneration of plants from cell suspension cultures and encapsulated cell suspension cultures of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Clarissa. Landbauforsch Völkenrode 53:53–59Sharma S, Shahzad A (2012) Encapsulation technology for short-term storage and conservation of a woody climber, Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 111:191–198Sharma SK, Bryan GJ, Winfield MO, Millam S (2007) Stability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants regenerated via somatic embryos, axillary bud proliferated shoots, microtubers and true potato seeds: a comparative phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular assessment. Planta 226:1449–1458Sharma S, Shahzad A, Mahmood S, Saeed T (2014) High-frequency clonal propagation, encapsulation of nodal segments for short-term storage and germplasm exchange of Ficus carica L. Trees 29:345–353Shenoy VB, Vasil IK (1992) Biochemical and molecular analysis of plants derived from embryogenic tissue cultures of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schum). Theor Appl Genet 83:947–955Srivastava V, Khan SA, Banerjee S (2009) An evaluation of genetic fidelity of encapsulated microshoots of the medicinal plant: Cineraria maritima following six months of storage. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 99:193–198Teixeira AS, González-Benito ME, Molina-García AD (2014) Determination of glassy state by cryo-SEM and DSC in cryopreservation of mint shoot tips by encapsulation–dehydration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 119:269–28

Production of doubled haploid plants from anther cultures of borage (Borago officinalis L.) by the application of chemical and physical stress

[EN] Anther culture can be used as a powerful tool to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines in medicinal plants, thus accelerating breeding programs. In the particular case of borage (Borago officinalis L.), a method to produce DH plants has not been yet published. In this work we evaluated the effect of different culture media and of different chemical (colchicine and n-butanol) and physical stresses (centrifugation and electroporation) on androgenesis induction and plant regeneration in borage anther cultures. We found that the highest response can be obtained with culture medium containing B5 salts and NLN vitamins, the addition of 200 mg/l colchicine during 4 days, a pretreatment of anthers with 0.2% n-butanol for 5 hours, or the application to anthers of single physical stresses (either centrifugation at 300 g or a 100 v electrical shock, but not combined). This is the first report on the production of DH plants in borage. Together, the results presented hereby can be used as a basic framework for large-scale generation of DH plants in this important medicinal species.Hoveida, Z.; Abdollahi, MR.; Mirzaie-Asl, A.; Moosavi, SS.; Seguí-Simarro, JM. (2017). Production of doubled haploid plants from anther cultures of borage (Borago officinalis L.) by the application of chemical and physical stress. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 130(2):369-378. doi:10.1007/s11240-017-1233-4S3693781302Alemanno L, Guiderdoni E (1994) Increased doubled haploid plant regeneration from rice (Oryza sativa L.) anthers cultured on colchicine-supplemented media. Plant Cell Rep 13:432–436Bayliss K, Wroth J, Cowling W (2004) Pro-embryos of Lupinus spp. produced from isolated microspore culture. Crop Pasture Sci 55:589–593Castillo AM, Cistué L, Vallés MP, Soriano M (2009) Chromosome doubling in monocots. In: Touraev A, Forster BP, Jain SM (eds) Advances in haploid production in higher plants. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 329–338Castillo AM, Nielsen NH, Jensen A, Vallés MP (2014) Effects of n-butanol on barley microspore embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 117:411–418Chardoli Eshaghi Z, Abdollahi MR, Moosavi SS, Deljou A, Seguí-Simarro JM (2015) Induction of androgenesis and production of haploid embryos in anther cultures of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 122(2):1–9Chu CC (1978) The N6 medium and its applications to anther culture of cereal crops. In: Proceedings of symposium on plant tissue culture, 25–30 May 1978. Science Press, Beijing, pp 45–50Das UN (2006) Tumoricidal and anti-angiogenic actions of gamma-linolenic acid and its derivatives. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 7:457–466De Lisi A, Montesano V, Negro D, Sarli G, Blanco E, Sonnante G, Laghetti G (2014) Genetic diversity in Borago officinalis germplasm as revealed by seed oils and AFLP polymorphism. Genet Resour Crop Evol 61:853–859Delaitre C, Ochatt S, Deleury E (2001) Electroporation modulates the embryogénie responses of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) microspores. Protoplasma 216:39–46Fábián A, Földesiné Füredi PK, Ambrus H, Jäger K, Szabó L, Barnabás B (2015) Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and the ultrastructure of maize microspores when cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 123:257–271Ferrie AMR (2007) Doubled haploid production in nutraceutical species: a review. Euphytica 158:347–357Ferrie AMR (2009) Current status of doubled haploids in medicinal plants. Advances in haploid production in higher plants. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 209–217Ferrie AMR (2013) Advances in microspore culture technology: a biotechnological tool for the improvement of medicinal plants. In: Chandra S, Lata H, Varma A (eds) Biotechnology for medicinal plants: micropropagation and improvement. 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Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 427–434Lulsdorf MM, Croser JS, Ochatt S (2011) Androgenesis and doubled-haploid production in food legumes. In Pratap A, Kumar J (eds) Biology and breeding of food legumes. CABI Publishers, Wallingford, pp 159–177Montaner C, Floris E, Alvarez JM (2000) Is self-compatibility the main breeding system in borage (Borago officinalis L.)? Theor Appl Genet 101:185–189Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–479Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163:85–87Obert B, Barnabás B (2004) Colchicine induced embryogenesis in maize. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 77:283–285Ochatt S (2013) Plant cell electrophysiology: applications in growth enhancement, somatic hybridisation and gene transfer. Biotechnol Adv 31:1237–1246Ochatt S, Pech C, Grewal R, Conreux C, Lulsdorf M, Jacas L (2009) Abiotic stress enhances androgenesis from isolated microspores of some legume species (Fabaceae). J Plant Physiol 166:1314–1328Pathirana R, Frew T, Hedderley D, Timmerman-Vaughan G, Morgan E (2011) Haploid and doubled haploid plants from developing male and female gametes of Gentiana triflora. Plant Cell Rep 30:1055–1065Phillips GC, Collins GB (1979) In vitro tissue culture of selected legumes and plant regeneration from callus cultures of red clover. Crop Sci 19:59–64Ribalta FM, Croser JS, Ochatt SJ (2012) Flow cytometry enables identification of sporophytic eliciting stress treatments in gametic cells. J Plant Physiol 169:104–110Sales E, Montaner C, Muniozguren JM, Carravedo M, Alvarez JM (2008) Genetic diversity in a collection of borage (Borago officinalis) germplasm. Botany 86:603–609Seguí-Simarro JM (2010) Androgenesis revisited. Bot Rev 76:377–404Seguí-Simarro JM, Nuez F (2007) Embryogenesis induction, callogenesis, and plant regeneration by in vitro culture of tomato isolated microspores and whole anthers. J Exp Bot 58:1119–1132Seguí-Simarro JM, Nuez F (2008) Pathways to doubled haploidy: chromosome doubling during androgenesis. Cytogenet Genome Res 120:358–369Shariatpanahi ME, Bal U, Heberle-Bors E, Touraev A (2006) Stresses applied for the re-programming of plant microspores towards in vitro embryogenesis. Physiol Plant 127:519–534Soriano M, Cistué L, Vallés MP, Castillo AM (2007) Effects of colchicine on anther and microspore culture of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 91:225–234Soriano M, Cistue L, Castillo AM (2008) Enhanced induction of microspore embryogenesis after n-butanol treatment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. 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Novel method for determination of trace amounts of citalopram in tablets by fast fourier continuous cyclic voltammetry at au microelectrode in flowing solutions

In this work, fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetric technique for the monitoring of ultra trace amounts of citalopram in a flow-injection system has been presented. The potential waveform, consisting of the potential steps for cleaning, stripping and potential ramp, was continuously applied on an Au disk microelectrode (with a 12.5 µm in radius). The proposed detection method has some advantages, the greatest of which are as follows: first, it is no more necessary to remove oxygen from the analyte solution and second, this is a very fast and appropriate technique for determination of the drug compound in a wide variety of chromatographic analysis methods. The method was linear over the concentration range of 7 - 116 pg mL-1 (r = 0.9960) with a limit of detection and quantitation 2.3 and 7 pg mL-1, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, sensitivity, precision and selectivity to assay citalopram in tablets. The influences of pH of eluent, accumulation potential, sweep rate, and accumulation time on the determination of the citalopram were considered. The proposed method was applied to the determination of citalopram in a pharmaceutical preparation