The manifestation of patriotism and social and political themes in Oriental poems Kashani's

Khavari Kashani, nicknamed Fakhr al-Waizin and the language of Islam, which is one of the titles bestowed on him by Muzaffar al-Din Shah, is one of the poets of the constitutional period whose research on his poems has not been observed. In addition to being a poet, he is a journalist and with his poetry and prose tools, he has patriotic and political poems that show the poet's social commitment. He criticizes the Shah, the courtiers, and the foreign colonizers (Russia and Britain) in a strange way, and his poems on the homeland are among the best poems of the constitutional era. The reflection of many political and social events of this period can be seen in Oriental poetry. Patriotism, xenophobia, critique of moral, cultural and social vices, and freedom-seeking are among the themes found in his poems, which we will address in this article. In most of these cases, he has presented his message and critique by using allegory

Effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.

Herbs have been used for its medicinal properties from several thousand years ago. Herbs, essences and extracts, possess a variety level of biological activities and antimicrobial activities of a large number of them have been proved. Eucalyptus is one of these plants which the anti-virus effects of its extract has long been used to treat influenza and colds in most parts of the world. The aim of this study is evaluating antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves against some of the important food pathogens. Antimicrobial effects of extracts were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 2592, Escherichia coli PTCC1330 and Penicillium digitatum by “using the method of Collins” and “disk agar diffusion method”. The results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extract were quite effective in 2000 μg/ml concentration on Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium digitatum, while both extracts have no certain antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli. In “disk agar diffusion method” 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/ml aqueous and ethanolic extract concentrations, was inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium digitatum, and 60 and 80 mg/ml aqueous and ethanolic extract concentrations, has deterrent effect on Escherichia coli, but at 20 and 40 mg/ml concentrations, no inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was observed. Minimum Inhibitory Cconcentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for bacteria and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) for fungi were performed. The results indicate that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli were resistant to most of the aqueous and ethanolic Eucalyptus camaldulensis extracts. In conclusion, using Eucalyptus as a natural antimicrobial compounds in vitro have considerable antimicrobial ability over the studied strains.

Cloak of Law on Stature of Morality: a critical view on Patrick Devlin's attitude toward legal enforcement of conventional morality

The relationship between morality and law is one of the issues that has provoked considerable controversies. Among others, an important discussion is whether obeying “conventional morality” in public and/or private spheres should be legally enforced by legislators. In this paper, we will look at the controversies over the issue of the “legal enforcement of morality” in the well-known debate between Herbert Hart and Patrick Devlin. In light of Richard Hare's moral philosophy, we will begin by distinguishing three realms of morality. We will then clarify Deviln's view on “conventional morality”, employing the terminology derived from Hare's moral philosophy. After elaborating the implications, consequences, and roots of “conventional morality” in Devlin's view, we will turn to the relation between law and “conventional morality”. Finally, we will criticize Devlin's approach and highlight our objections to his account. By showing the flaws of Devlin's conception of “conventional morality,” we will challenge her legal view of morals

High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron and Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Circuits in 7nm FinFET Technology

In designing neuromorphic circuits and systems, developing compact and energy-efficient neuron and synapse circuits is essential for high-performance on-chip neural architectures. Toward that end, this work utilizes the advanced low-power and compact 7nm FinFET technology to design leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) circuits. In the proposed STDP circuit, only six FinFETs and three small capacitors (two 10fF and 20fF) have been utilized to realize STDP learning. Moreover, 12 transistors and two capacitors (20fF) have been employed for designing the LIF neuron circuit. The evaluation results demonstrate that besides 60% area saving, the proposed STDP circuit achieves 68% improvement in total average power consumption and 43% lower energy dissipation compared to previous works. The proposed LIF neuron circuit demonstrates 34% area saving, 46% power, and 40% energy saving compared to its counterparts. The neuron can also tune the firing frequency within 5MHz-330MHz using an external control voltage. These results emphasize the potential of the proposed neuron and STDP learning circuits for compact and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems

The effect of antidepressant treatment on the HPA axis, changes in depression score and serum levels of TNF-α in depressed infertile women

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of antidepressant treatment on the HPA axis, changes in depression score, and serum levels of TNF-α in depressed infertile women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial research, 60 infertile women who had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment with depression scores between 16-47 were divided into two groups. The intervention group with fluoxetine capsule was under treatment for two months before the embryo transfer, while the control group was given placebo. Depression score, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as cortisol hormone levels were measured and recorded both before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: We analyzed the data related to 55 subjects who had undergone embryo transfer. 7 subjects in the intervention group and 3 in the control group got pregnant. We observed a significant decrease in the depression score (p < 0/001) and serum levels of cortisol (p = 0/001) in the intervention group. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of TNF-α in the intervention group (p < 0/001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the number of pregnancies (p = 0.04). However, there was no statistical difference between them with regard to the number of harvested oocytes (p = 0.174). Discussion: Decrease in depression score and cortisol level, and an increase in the levels of TNF-α in the intervention group caused any changes in the number of oocytes in comparison with the control group. However, the number of pregnancies was larger in the intervention group

Investigation of Chemical Properties of Green Tea Ethanolic Extract and Its Inhibitory and Lethal Effects on Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer (Causing Rot in Strawberry and Grapes)

Introduction Strawberry and grapes are generally infected with pathogenic fungi (e.g., Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifera, etc.). Synthetic fungicides are commonly used as the first line of defense against post-harvest pathogens on packaging lines. However, disposal of toxic waste is a costly process and the hazardous waste causes serious environmental problems. In addition, fungal pathogens have shown a worrying trend of resistance to these fungicides, thus shortening the shelf life of products. Compounds that can be equally effective in controlling pathogens, but preventing or minimizing the waste problems will be inevitable. The large volume of internationally processed agricultural products, as well as the increasing demand for organically produced fruits, emphasizes the need to replace synthetic fungicides with safer and biodegradable alternatives. Natural plant-derived products effectively meet this criterion and have great potential to influence modern agricultural research. Catechins and other polyphenols in green tea show strong antioxidant activity. Also, the antimicrobial activity of green tea extract against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans has been reported. Therefore, the present study was performed to prepare the ethanolic extract of green tea and to determine the content of total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and its antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizopus stolonifer (causing rot in strawberry and grapes).   Materials and Methods Fresh green tea leaves were dried at room temperature and then powdered. Then, ethanol (70%) was added to the powdered leaves (solvent to powder ratio of 10:1 v/w) and the mixture was refluxed for 120 min. The resulting mixture was filtered through a filter paper and then concentrated under vacuum and finally dried in an oven. Total phenol content (by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent at 756 nm), total flavonoid content (spectrophotometrically at 510 nm), antioxidant activity (by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods), and antifungal effect (by disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration) of the extract were evaluated.   Results and Discussion The extract contained 175.60 mg GAE /g total phenol and 47.53 mg QE/g total flavonoids and its antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS free radical assays was 78.89% and 86.57%, respectively. The results of antifungal activity showed that the diameter of the growth inhibition zone increased significantly with increasing the concentration of the extract, and Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most sensitive and resistant fungal strains to the extract, respectively. The minimum fungicidal concentrations for the strains of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer were 64 and 512 mg/ml, respectively.   Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of green tea could be considered as potential source of natural antioxidant and antifungal agents. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds may be responsible for the antifungal and antioxidant effects of the extract. However, due to the fact that this study was performed with the crude extract of green tea, it is difficult to identify compounds responsible for antifungal and antioxidant activity. On this point, only the separation of the components of the extract allows the detection of antifungal and antioxidant compounds. This study provides a basis for further researches, in particular the use of these antioxidants and antifungal compounds. Green tea extract is especially suitable for products with high sensitivity to lipid oxidation and infection with molds

Antimicrobial effect of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) containing aqueous and ethanolic Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. leaves extract against Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Oil from the eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.) is used today in many over the counter cough and cold products, to relieve congestion. Eucalyptus oil is also used in creams and ointments to relieve muscle and joint pain, and in some mouthwashes. In this study Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves extracted with water and ethanol 96°and the antimicrobial effects of extracts were evaluated by “using the method of Collins” and “disk agar diffusion method”. Antimicrobial properties of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) films containing 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/ml concentration of the extract studied against on Streptococcus pyogenes PTCC 1447, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310 and Staphylococcus epidermidis PTCC 1435. The results showed that aqueous and alcoholic extract were quite effective in 2000 μg/ml concentration on Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and have inhibition effect, while both extracts have no certain antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were performed for each microorganism. Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for bacteria was performed using the dilution method. The edible films containing mangrove extract presented more effective impact on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p<0.05). The result indicates extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves have the greatest effect on gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. As a result, aqueous and ethanloic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves, have been strong antimicrobial activity against many food pathogen bacteri

Human herpesvirus-6 viral load and antibody titer in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundDespite the number of cases with definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) being on increase, the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection as a trigger for MS disease still is deliberated. Based on antibody detection and quantitative HHV-6 polymerase chain reaction assay, this study was achieved to find out the possible association between infection with HHV-6 and clinical progression of MS disease.MethodsA total of 108 serum samples were obtained from 30 MS patients followed prospectively for a 6-month period. These samples were analyzed for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for anti-HHV-6 IgG titer. Activation of the disease was determined by either magnetic resonance imaging or by clinical status of the patients. Control groups were also included.ResultsThe average antibody index for the MS patients in the first sample collection was higher than both control groups (p = 0.001). HHV-6 DNA was detected in the serum samples of 10 of 30 MS patients. The mean HHV-6 viral load in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with and without relapse was 973 and 714, respectively. Seven patients showed an exacerbation during the study period. Of those, four patients had HHV-6 DNA in their collected samples. The prevalence of HHV-6 DNA was significantly higher in patients with MS as compared with control groups (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results indicate that HHV-6 is implicated somehow in MS disease. Over time, rising HHV-6 IgG antibody titers together with an exacerbation and detection of HHV-6 DNA in serum samples of some MS patients suggests possible association between the reactivation of the virus and disease progression