Implementation of Binary to Gray Code Converters in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum dot cellular automaton (QCA) are dominant nanotechnology which has been used extensively in digital circuits and systems. It is a promising alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology with many enticing features such as high-speed, low power consumption and higher switching frequency than transistor based technology. The code converters are the basic unit for transformation of data to execute arithmetic processes. In this paper, QCA based 2-bit binary-to- gray; 3-bit binary-to-gray and 4-bit binary-to-gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed design reduces the number of cells, area and raises switching speed. The simulations are completed using QCADesigner and Microwindlite tool which is widely used for simulation and verification

Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation program on patients admitted to ICU:a comparative cross sectional study

Generally ICU patients are in critical status and need long stay in ICU. Pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) is considered as an important tool to improve outcome and shorten the length of stay in ICU. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PRP can affect outcome and duration of hospitalization in ICU patients. This study was performed in medical ICU of Labafi Nejad hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2012 and 2013. All of patients who had more than one day stay in ICU were included in the study. They underwent PRP. We compared length of stay, mortality rate and number of hospitalized patients within 2 years in patients with PRP and patients without PRP. In 2012, 155 patients and in 2013, 173 patients were admitted in ICU.  Admission period was 15 ± 2.7 and 11 ± 2.1 days, respectively (p< 0.001). Pulmonary physiotherapy showed no effect on patients’ outcome in which during 2012, 94 patients were discharged and 61 patients were died and in 2013, 98 patients were discharged and 64 patients were died (p=0.9). Our study shows that PRP can shorten hospitalization time which can indirectly decrease hospitalization costs but there is no effect on overall survival.

A case report of a rare Shwachman-Diamond syndrome with liver involvement

زمینه و هدف: سندرم شواخمن (SDS) یک بیماری نادر ارثی است که در سنین کودکی با علایم گرفتاری چند ارگان از جمله پانکراس اگزوکرین و مغز استخوان و نیز با علایم اختلال رشد تظاهر می کند. درگیری کبدی از تظاهرات کمتر شایع در این بیماران بوده و کمتر به آن توجه می شود. در این مقاله یک مورد شیرخوار مبتلا به سندرم شواخمن با گرفتاری کبد معرفی می گردد. معرفی بیمار: بیمار شیرخوار پسر 11 ماهه با اسهال حاد، دهیدراتاسیون، اختلال وزن گیری پس از 4 ماهگی و گزارش دفع مدفوع چرب مراجعه و به علت بزرگی کبد و افزایش آنزیم های کبدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به چرب بودن مدفوع، استئوپنی، قیافه خاص در بیمار، مشاهده نوتروپنی و منتفی شدن تشخیص بیماری سیستیک فیبروزیس (CF) منجر به تشخیص نهایی سندرم شواخمن گردید. نتیجه گیری: معرفی بیمار حاضر ضمن یادآوری تشخیص این بیماری نادر در موارد اختلالات رشد کودکان توجه به درگیری کبد را یادآور می شود که ممکن است در بعضی مواقع به صورت تظاهر اولیه بیمار با اختلاف رشد باشد

The Effect of Chemotherapy in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease on Infertility: A Review on Pathophysiologic Mechanism

Today, young women infertility through chemotherapy has become a global challenge. Chemotherapy destructs the malignant cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory factors secretion; these factors can also destruct the ovarian and uterine cells. Infertility usually happens as a result of ovarian and uterine cells apoptosis, as well as dysfunction in these organs. Signaling pathways activated by chemotherapy lead to increased activation of follicles and depletion of the follicular pool. In addition, excessive secretion of sex hormones leads to follicles activation and infertility in women. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) use have been reported to be a great help in restoring the function of ovarian and uterine cells. On the other hand, they can regulate sex hormone secretion. Finally, the use of MSCs as a suitable treatment strategy can help restore the function of reproductive cells and treat infertility. *Corresponding Author: Maryam Ebrahimi; ORCID iD: 0000 0001 9685 7882; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Eslamnik P, Moghaddasi M, Malmir A, Sadeghi-Goughari B, Javan MR, Ebrahimi M. The Effect of Chemotherapy in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease on Infertility: A Review on Pathophysiologic Mechanism. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-8 (e8). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.3436

3D Printed Models for Teaching Orbital Anatomy, Anomalies and Fractures

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of using 3D printing models in the learning process of orbital anatomy and pathology by ophthalmology residents. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 24 residents of ophthalmology at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Each stratum was randomized into two groups. The educational booklets were distributed, and various forms of orbital 3D models were printed from orbital computed tomography (CT) scans. Knowledge enhancement on the topics was measured by comparing pretest and posttest scores. Results: Thirteen residents who were trained using traditional methods were deemed the control group; while 11 residents who were trained using the 3D printed models were classed as the intervention group. The control group was younger than the intervention group (P = 0.047). The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the total posttest scores between the two groups. Based on the repeated measures of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), score variables were significant between the two groups (P = 0.008). Interestingly, the use of the 3D educational model was more effective and statistically significant with the year one residents as compared to the year two residents (P = 0.002). Conclusion: This study is the first one in Iran quantifying the effects of learning using 3D printed models in medical education. In fact, 3D modeling training is seemingly effective in teaching ophthalmic residents. As residents have never encountered such technology before, their experience using 3D models proved to be satisfactory and had a surprising positive effect on the learning process through visual training

Synthesis and application of chitosan supported vanadium oxo in the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and 2,4,6-triarylpyridines via anomeric based oxidation

Chitosan, as a biopolymer, exhibits a strong affinity for complexation with suitable metal ions. Thus, it has received increased attention for the preparation of stable bioorganic–inorganic hybrid heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, a novel chitosan based vanadium oxo (ChVO) catalyst was prepared and fully characterized by several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermal gravimetric (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The synthesized catalyst has been successfully used as a reusable catalyst in the synthesis of dihydropyridines and triarylpyridines.We thank Bu-Ali Sina University, Nahavand University, the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (Grant No: 95831207) and the National Elites Foundation for financial support of our research group

Impact of the flood occurrence in Kota Bharu, Kelantan using statistical analysis

Over the years, flood has become one of the most destructive phenomena all over the world.It’s included Malaysia and the study area which located at the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.Flood in Kota Bahru, Kelantan is mainly caused by heavy rainfall brought by the Northeast monsoon starting from November to March every year.It is categorized as annual flood as it occurs every year during the Monsoon season.The flood in the study area has become the most common natural hazard which caused a lot of damage for every time, during the flood event.People in the affected area had to bear with this event where they need to be evacuated and moves their private and belongings to the safe area. In this study, about 200 questionnaires were distributed to the people in the affected area after the 2010/2011 flood event. After that, the questionnaires were selected to undergo two kinds of statistical tests that were used to analyze the association of flood with the condition of flood in the study area such as frequency of flood, water depth, type of loss, total loss (in Malaysian currency, RM), health problem, electric/phone disruption and river expansion which was chi-square and bivariate correlation tests.The results of chi-square test shows that there is association between flood occurrence and the condition of flood such as frequency of flood, water depth, type of loss, average total loss, disease and psycology effect, electric/phone disruption and river expansion while the results of correlation test shows that most of the condition of flood has negative strong relationship with the flood occurrence.Overall study shows that the flood occurrences have decreased the impact of flood to the people in the affected area from years to years based on statistics of flood damage and also on victims experience

Long COVID, a comprehensive systematic scoping review

Abstract: Purpose To fnd out what is known from literature about Long COVID until January 30, 2021. Methods We undertook a four-step search with no language restriction. A preliminary search was made to identify the keywords. A search strategy of all electronic databases resulted in 66 eligible studies. A forward and backward search of the references and citations resulted in additional 54 publications. Non-English language articles were translated using Google Translate. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Results Of 120 papers, we found only one randomized clinical trial. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort, and 28 were cross-sectional studies. Of the total 120 publications, 49.1% focused on signs and symptoms, 23.3% on management, and 10.8% on pathophysiology. Ten publications focused on imaging studies. The results are also presented extensively in a narrative synthesis in separated sections (nomenclature, diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, signs/symptoms, management). Conclusions The controversies in its defnition have impaired proper recognition and management. The predominant symptoms were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difculties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of longterm sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness