4 research outputs found
Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.
Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14路2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1路8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7路61, 95 per cent c.i. 4路49 to 12路90; P < 0路001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0路65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability
Isolation, Identification, Spectral Studies and X-ray Crystal Structures of Two Compounds from Bixa orellana, DFT Calculations and DNA Binding Studies
4,6-Diacetylresorcinol (1) and 3-O-methylellagic acid dihydrate (2), both biologically significant
compounds, were extracted from Bixa orellana and studied using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, and
UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic techniques were also used to establish the
molecular structure of the isolated compounds 1 and 2. Geometric parameters, vibrational frequencies,
and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR of 1 and 2 in the ground state
were computed by the density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set backing
up experimental studies and established the correct structure of isolated compounds. The parameters
obtained from the combined DFT, and X-ray diffraction studies are mutually agreed to establish
correct structures of 1 and 2. In addition, an electrostatic potential map and HOMOLUMO energy
gap were made using the DFT calculation to determine the distribution of energy and the chemical
reactivity region of the isolated compounds. The current study also provides further insights into
the interaction of compound 2 with ct-DNA using numerous biophysical and in silico techniques.
Moreover, in silico studies indicate that compound 2 binds to the DNA in the minor groove. Lipinski鈥檚
rule of five revealed a higher tendency of compound 2 towards drug-likeness. The bioavailability
and synthetic accessibility score for compound 2 was found to be 0.55 and 3.21, suggesting that
compound 2 could serve as an effective therapeutic candidate