Compact modeling of multiple gate mos devices.

Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta models analítics electrostàtics i de transport de diferents tipus de transistors MOSFET de porta múltiple: Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET, Gate-All-Around MOSFETs i FinFETs.Les estructures de porta múltiple són les més adequades per aconseguir la miniaturització dels circuits CMOS per sota dels 50 nm de longitud de canal. La reducció del tamany implica més velocitat i més densitat de circuits a un xip, però també dóna lloc a problemes (efectes de canal curt) que empitjoren les prestacions dels transistors; aquests problemes es deuen a un control més deficient del canal per la porta, que causa un augment del corrent de fuites (degradant la relació on/off del corrent) i disminució de la resistència de sortida (degradant el guany). Amb les estructures de porta múltiple el control electrostàtic del canal per la porta augmenta considerablement i els efectes de canal curt es redueixen dràsticament.El disseny de circuits nanomètrics necessita models acurats dels dispositius MOS de porta múltiple. A més, els models han d'ésser analítics, de manera que els puguin utilitzar els simuladors de circuits, amb temps de simulació petits i sense problemes de convergencia.Aquesta tesi presenta models analítics dels transistors multi-gate MOSFETs, tant per al comportament electrostàtic com pels mecanismes de transport. L'electrostàtica ha estat modelada a partir de l'equació de Poisson en 2 o 3 dimensions. S'han desenvolupat tècniques per resoldre analíticament l'equació de Poisson. El fet de què els models es derivin d'una anàlisi bidimensional o tridimensional fa que els efectes de canal curt s'incloguin de manera física, sense paràmetres empírics. Els models analítics resultants s'han comparat amb simulacions numèriques bidimensionals i tridimensionals, i s'ha observat una concordància quasi perfecta fins als 20 nm de longitud de canal. En el cas del FinFET, a més, s'ha pogut realitzar una comparació amb mesures experimentals, que ha resultat bastant exitosa.Aquesta tesi està recolzada per un total 7 articles publicats o acceptats a revistes internacionals, i dos més d'enviats.En esta tesis hemos estudiado las características de los dispositivos MOSFET nodopados de puerta múltiple (multiple-gate MOSFETs), con dimensiones nanométricas.Hemos introducido modelos compactos de los efectos de canal corto (SCEs) para trestipos de dispositivos MOS de puerta múltiple (surrounding-gate MOSFET, double-gateMOSFET, y FinFET). Se han conseguido modelar los principales parámetros afectadospor los efectos de canal corto. Este trabajo supone un avance muy importante en el modelado de los nuevosdispositivos nanométricos MOS de puerta múltiple. Una buena prueba de ello es que lamayor parte de los resultados presentados en esta tesis se han publicado (o estánaceptados para publicación) en prestigiosas revistas internacionales y en actas decongresos internacionales de reconocido prestigio

Screening of Dyslipidemia and Obesity among Children in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Westerners are well aware of plasma lipid problems, which are becoming increasingly important in the Middle East. The European Expert Panel has advocated universal screening as a preferable approach of hypercholesterolemia screening as a part of the primary preventive effort. Objective: To assess the relation between dyslipidemia and its risk factors; age and body mass index. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 357 of children who visited the Pediatrics General Outpatient Clinic at Zagazig University Hospitals. All subjects were subjected to full history taking, general examination, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations including: non-fasting and fasting lipid profiles. Results: Non-fasting total cholesterol (TC) of ≥ 200 was (14.3%) and < 200 was (85.7%). Non-fasting (LDL) of ≥ 130 was (16.8%) and <130 was (83.2%). HDL category of < 40 was (61.3%) and ≥ 40 was (38.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between age, sex and lipid profiles. There was statistically significant positive correlation between non-fasting triglycerides (TG) and non-fasting HDL and non-fasting non-HDL-C. Conclusion: Obesity was associated with the prevalence of at least one abnormal lipid level. This highlights the importance of paying greater attention to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children from an early age

New insights into smudge cell percentage in chronic lymphocytic Leukemia: A novel prognostic indicator of disease burden

Background: Percentage of smudge cells in CLL patients has recently been reported as a novel prognostic factor.Objectives: To investigate the impact of smudge cells percentage on the clinicolaboratory data of CLL patients and to evaluate the relationship between it and other prognostic factors in CLL.Methods: Ninety adults with CLL were enrolled. Smudge cells percentage was calculated by microscopic evaluation of blood smears. Testing of CD38 expression was done by immunophenotyping and detection of ATM, P53 deletions and trisomy 12 were performed using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)Results: Lower smear cells percentage (<30%) was significantly correlated with age, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and advanced staging. It was also associated with high TLC, low hemoglobin and platelets count and high absolute and atypical lymphocytic count. Correlation studies with other prognostic factors revealed an association between low smear cells percentage and CD38 expression, short LDT, P53 and ATM deletions. Logistic regression analysis was also done to provide complementary prognostic information identifying the significant independent factors that predict low smear cell percentage.Conclusion: low percentage of smudge cells (<30%) could be considered as an adverse prognostic predictor being associated with high risk markers in CLL.Keywords: Smudge cells, CL

Effect of Nanoformulated Thymol, Nanoformulated Doxorubicin and Their Combination on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line: A Comparative Ex-Vivo Study

Background: Nanoparticles are a promising technology in drug delivery mechanisms as they are considered the upcoming technological revolution in the 21st century.  Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common kind of cancer in the head and neck, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for the majority of cases and an expanding number of scientific research on this subject supports the need to emphasize that there is still much room for improvement. Recently, there has been a noticeable rise in interest in dietary phytochemical consumption for possible cancer chemoprevention. Our study is pioneer in applying nanoformulated thymol as antineoplastic drug to overcome drawbacks of chemotherapeutic drugs. Although Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most preferrable chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of OSCC, its application is limited due to its various side effects. Accordingly, it is mandatory to explore the outstanding properties of nanoformulated form on HNO-97 cell line. Aim: Investigate the possible synergy between nanoformulated thymol and nanoformulated DOX on the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Material and Method: Lingual cell line (HNO-97) cells were cultured. Serial concentrations of nanoformulated thymol and nanoformulated DOX were prepared. Calculation of minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of thymol, DOX, nano-thymol and nano-DOX, followed by investigation of cell proliferation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) through the measurement of C-MYC gene expression was performed. Results: HNO-97 cells treated with combined therapy of nano-thymol and nano-DOX, drastically reduced C-MYC gene expression. Conclusion: Based on current findings, combination of nano-DOX and nano-thymol may be a viable supplementary anticancer therapy for OSCC by reducing proliferation of the cells

Development of Logical and Critical Thinking Skills of Children

Toddlers solve problems through trial and error. This in turn helps them think logically. During play, children discover real-life skills that are needed to identify a problem resolve a conflict and take action. Critical thinking is one of the main skills of the 21st century that allows you to analyze data, draw conclusions and make decisions based on analysis, as well as form your own opinion and defend your own position. Today in the modern world, everyone can be seen under the sea of data. They have a wide variety of resources and the information needs to be revised and verified. Through critical thinking, we see various contradictions and contradictions, remove misinformation from among them and interpret them sorted

Különböző érettségi fokú szamóca és kajszibarack néhány fizikai és kémiai jellemzője

Die Verfasser studierten im Laufe ihrer Untersuchungen die Änderung des Penetrationswertes, den Trockensubstanzgehalt, den Ascorbinsäuresowie den gesamten und reduzierenden Zuckergehalt in reifen, halbreifen und unreifen Sorten der Erdbeere und Aprikose. Ihre Resultate können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden: 1. Im Laufe des Reifungsprozesses nimmt bei Erdbeeren, wie auch bei Aprikosen der Penetrationswert zu und der Trockensubstanzgehalt bleibt unverändert. 2. Bei Erdbeeren ist der Ascorbinsäuregehalt bei den weniger reifen Früchten höher. Im Falle von Aprikosen besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen dem Ascorbinsäuregehalt der reifen und unreifen Früchte. 3. Der reduzierende und gesamte Zuckergehalt ändert sich nur in geringem Masse bei verschiedenen Graden der Reifung, Die Änderungen erweisen sich im Falle von Erdbeeren als geringer und der höchste Zuckergehalt kann bei halbreifen Früchten beobachtet werden. In the course of the investigations the changes in penetration value, and the contents of dry matter, ascorbic acid, total and reducing sugars were studied in ripe, semi-ripe and unripe varieties of strawberry and apricot. The experimental results may be summarized as follows. 1. Both in case of strawberry and of apricot the penetration value increases whereas the dry matter content remains unchanged with the progress of ripening. 2. The content of ascorbic acid of strawberry is higher in the less ripe fruits. In case of apricots no significant difference could be observed in the content of ascorbic acid of ripe and semi-ripe fruits. 3. Contents of reducing and total sugars exhibited only minute changes at the various degrees of ripeness. These changes were of minor nature in case of strawberry. The highest sugar content appeared in semi-ripe fruits. Les auteurs ont étudié les variations des valeurs de pénétration, la teneur en matiére séche, la teneur en acide ascorbique ainsi qu’en sucres totaux et réducteurs dans des espéces müres, demi-müres et vertes de fraises et d’abricots. Le résumé de leur travaux est le suivant: 1. Chez les fraises comme chez les abricots la valeur de pénétration augmente au cours de la maturation, tandis que la matiére séche ne varié pás. 2. Chez les fraises la teneur en acide ascorbique est plus élevée dans les fruits moins műrs. Chez les abricots la teneur en acide ascorbique des fruits mürs ne montre pas de variations signifiantes, comparée ä celles des fruits demi-mürs. 3. Chez les fruits de divers degrés de maturité on n’observe que de faibles variations dans les teneurs respectives des sucres totaux et réducteurs. Les variations sont encore plus faibles chez les fraises. La teneur la plus élevée en sucres se fait observer chez les fruit demi-mürs

Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: To assess the lacrimal glands in patients with thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 44 consecutive patients (17 males, 27 females, with mean age 36 years) with thyroid eye disease and 20 age- and sex-matched volunteers. They underwent diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the orbit. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lacrimal glands were calculated and correlated with the clinical activity score (CAS). Results: The mean ADC of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease (1.73 × 10-3 mm2/s) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of volunteers (1.52 × 10-3 mm2/s). The cutoff ADC value of lacrimal gland used for differentiation of thyroid eye disease from volunteers was 1.62 × 10–3 mm2/s with an area under the curve value of 0.95 and an accuracy of 96%. There was significant difference (p = 0.03) in the ADC of the lacrimal glands in patients with active (n = 24) and inactive (n = 20) disease. The cutoff ADC value of the lacrimal gland used to suspect active disease was 1.76 × 10-3 mm2/s with an area under the curve value of 0.80 and an accuracy of 82%. There was positive correlation between the ADC value of the lacrimal glands and CAS (r = 0.73, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The ADC of the lacrimal glands is a non-invasive imaging parameter that can be used for diagnosis of thyroid eye disease and to predict the active form of the disease

Synthesis and preliminary biological screening of certain 5-aralkyl pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as anticonvulsants

Synthesis of a series of 5-aralkyl pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives namely, 1-acetyl-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (3a-e), 1-H-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (4a-e), 1-acetyl-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (8a-e), 1-H-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (9a-e) have been accomplished. The structures of the new compounds were assigned from IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Compounds 3a-e, 4a-e, 8a-e and 9a-e were biologically screened for their anticonvulsant potential using the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizures (scPTZ) assay and Gabapentin as reference standard. The 1-H-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (4a-e) showed the highest anticonvulsant activity. Compound 4b was found to be the most potent one which exhibited 100% protection

Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of Cowper' gland: A Case Report of a Rare Variant

Introduction: Primary carcinomas of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) are extremely rare.Presentation of case: Herein, a 57-year-old man was presented by perineal mass for seven years. Physical examination revealed a nontender stony hard perineal mass without signs of inflammation. A urethrogram showed compression of the anterior part of the bulbous urethra. MRI of the mass revealed large perineal multilocular and marginal enhancement. The patient was managed by excision of the mass with safety margin. Histopathological examination of the mass showed remnants of malignant acini floating in pools of mucin which formed about 80% of tumor tissue Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive reactions of the tumour cells with cytokeratin 20 but negative reactions for PSA, β-catenin and cytokeratin 7.Conclusion: We reported the first case of primary mucinous carcinoma arising in the Cowper’s glands and the 22nd in the literature of Cowper’s gland carcinoma

Study of fibromodulin gene expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

AbstractBackground and objectivesIt has become evident that fibromodulin and other members of the proteoglycan family are not only involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and cell adhesion but they also contribute to modulation of cytokine activity, suppression of tumor growth, and prevention of apoptosis. Fibromodulin has been characterized as one of the tumor associated antigens (TAA) in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with the potential to elicit specific antitumor response and it is considered as good candidate for immunotherapy.Aim of workto study the expression of fibromodulin at the gene level of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, in comparison to normal controls and to asses its role in the pathophysiology of CLL.Patients and methodsFibromodulin gene expression was tested by one step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 patients with B-CLL as well as in 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers.ResultsIn this study, fibromodulin gene was expressed in 46.7% of patients with B-CLL which was significantly different from the control age and sex matched healthy volunteers in which none of them showed peripheral blood mononuclear cells positivity for fibromodulin gene expression (0%) (p-value =0.006). We also found significant associations between higher fibomodulin gene expression and some risk factors in the studied CLL cases such as hepatomegaly, lower haemoglobin level, lower RBCs count, lower platelet count and borderline significant associations with other risk factors as lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.ConclusionOur results suggest that fibromodulin can be used as a target for therapeutic intervention and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of CLL