Compact modeling of multiple gate mos devices.

Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta models analítics electrostàtics i de transport de diferents tipus de transistors MOSFET de porta múltiple: Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET, Gate-All-Around MOSFETs i FinFETs.Les estructures de porta múltiple són les més adequades per aconseguir la miniaturització dels circuits CMOS per sota dels 50 nm de longitud de canal. La reducció del tamany implica més velocitat i més densitat de circuits a un xip, però també dóna lloc a problemes (efectes de canal curt) que empitjoren les prestacions dels transistors; aquests problemes es deuen a un control més deficient del canal per la porta, que causa un augment del corrent de fuites (degradant la relació on/off del corrent) i disminució de la resistència de sortida (degradant el guany). Amb les estructures de porta múltiple el control electrostàtic del canal per la porta augmenta considerablement i els efectes de canal curt es redueixen dràsticament.El disseny de circuits nanomètrics necessita models acurats dels dispositius MOS de porta múltiple. A més, els models han d'ésser analítics, de manera que els puguin utilitzar els simuladors de circuits, amb temps de simulació petits i sense problemes de convergencia.Aquesta tesi presenta models analítics dels transistors multi-gate MOSFETs, tant per al comportament electrostàtic com pels mecanismes de transport. L'electrostàtica ha estat modelada a partir de l'equació de Poisson en 2 o 3 dimensions. S'han desenvolupat tècniques per resoldre analíticament l'equació de Poisson. El fet de què els models es derivin d'una anàlisi bidimensional o tridimensional fa que els efectes de canal curt s'incloguin de manera física, sense paràmetres empírics. Els models analítics resultants s'han comparat amb simulacions numèriques bidimensionals i tridimensionals, i s'ha observat una concordància quasi perfecta fins als 20 nm de longitud de canal. En el cas del FinFET, a més, s'ha pogut realitzar una comparació amb mesures experimentals, que ha resultat bastant exitosa.Aquesta tesi està recolzada per un total 7 articles publicats o acceptats a revistes internacionals, i dos més d'enviats.En esta tesis hemos estudiado las características de los dispositivos MOSFET nodopados de puerta múltiple (multiple-gate MOSFETs), con dimensiones nanométricas.Hemos introducido modelos compactos de los efectos de canal corto (SCEs) para trestipos de dispositivos MOS de puerta múltiple (surrounding-gate MOSFET, double-gateMOSFET, y FinFET). Se han conseguido modelar los principales parámetros afectadospor los efectos de canal corto. Este trabajo supone un avance muy importante en el modelado de los nuevosdispositivos nanométricos MOS de puerta múltiple. Una buena prueba de ello es que lamayor parte de los resultados presentados en esta tesis se han publicado (o estánaceptados para publicación) en prestigiosas revistas internacionales y en actas decongresos internacionales de reconocido prestigio

Screening of Dyslipidemia and Obesity among Children in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Westerners are well aware of plasma lipid problems, which are becoming increasingly important in the Middle East. The European Expert Panel has advocated universal screening as a preferable approach of hypercholesterolemia screening as a part of the primary preventive effort. Objective: To assess the relation between dyslipidemia and its risk factors; age and body mass index. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 357 of children who visited the Pediatrics General Outpatient Clinic at Zagazig University Hospitals. All subjects were subjected to full history taking, general examination, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations including: non-fasting and fasting lipid profiles. Results: Non-fasting total cholesterol (TC) of ≥ 200 was (14.3%) and < 200 was (85.7%). Non-fasting (LDL) of ≥ 130 was (16.8%) and <130 was (83.2%). HDL category of < 40 was (61.3%) and ≥ 40 was (38.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between age, sex and lipid profiles. There was statistically significant positive correlation between non-fasting triglycerides (TG) and non-fasting HDL and non-fasting non-HDL-C. Conclusion: Obesity was associated with the prevalence of at least one abnormal lipid level. This highlights the importance of paying greater attention to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children from an early age

New insights into smudge cell percentage in chronic lymphocytic Leukemia: A novel prognostic indicator of disease burden

Background: Percentage of smudge cells in CLL patients has recently been reported as a novel prognostic factor.Objectives: To investigate the impact of smudge cells percentage on the clinicolaboratory data of CLL patients and to evaluate the relationship between it and other prognostic factors in CLL.Methods: Ninety adults with CLL were enrolled. Smudge cells percentage was calculated by microscopic evaluation of blood smears. Testing of CD38 expression was done by immunophenotyping and detection of ATM, P53 deletions and trisomy 12 were performed using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)Results: Lower smear cells percentage (<30%) was significantly correlated with age, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and advanced staging. It was also associated with high TLC, low hemoglobin and platelets count and high absolute and atypical lymphocytic count. Correlation studies with other prognostic factors revealed an association between low smear cells percentage and CD38 expression, short LDT, P53 and ATM deletions. Logistic regression analysis was also done to provide complementary prognostic information identifying the significant independent factors that predict low smear cell percentage.Conclusion: low percentage of smudge cells (<30%) could be considered as an adverse prognostic predictor being associated with high risk markers in CLL.Keywords: Smudge cells, CL

Különböző érettségi fokú szamóca és kajszibarack néhány fizikai és kémiai jellemzője

Die Verfasser studierten im Laufe ihrer Untersuchungen die Änderung des Penetrationswertes, den Trockensubstanzgehalt, den Ascorbinsäuresowie den gesamten und reduzierenden Zuckergehalt in reifen, halbreifen und unreifen Sorten der Erdbeere und Aprikose. Ihre Resultate können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden: 1. Im Laufe des Reifungsprozesses nimmt bei Erdbeeren, wie auch bei Aprikosen der Penetrationswert zu und der Trockensubstanzgehalt bleibt unverändert. 2. Bei Erdbeeren ist der Ascorbinsäuregehalt bei den weniger reifen Früchten höher. Im Falle von Aprikosen besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen dem Ascorbinsäuregehalt der reifen und unreifen Früchte. 3. Der reduzierende und gesamte Zuckergehalt ändert sich nur in geringem Masse bei verschiedenen Graden der Reifung, Die Änderungen erweisen sich im Falle von Erdbeeren als geringer und der höchste Zuckergehalt kann bei halbreifen Früchten beobachtet werden. In the course of the investigations the changes in penetration value, and the contents of dry matter, ascorbic acid, total and reducing sugars were studied in ripe, semi-ripe and unripe varieties of strawberry and apricot. The experimental results may be summarized as follows. 1. Both in case of strawberry and of apricot the penetration value increases whereas the dry matter content remains unchanged with the progress of ripening. 2. The content of ascorbic acid of strawberry is higher in the less ripe fruits. In case of apricots no significant difference could be observed in the content of ascorbic acid of ripe and semi-ripe fruits. 3. Contents of reducing and total sugars exhibited only minute changes at the various degrees of ripeness. These changes were of minor nature in case of strawberry. The highest sugar content appeared in semi-ripe fruits. Les auteurs ont étudié les variations des valeurs de pénétration, la teneur en matiére séche, la teneur en acide ascorbique ainsi qu’en sucres totaux et réducteurs dans des espéces müres, demi-müres et vertes de fraises et d’abricots. Le résumé de leur travaux est le suivant: 1. Chez les fraises comme chez les abricots la valeur de pénétration augmente au cours de la maturation, tandis que la matiére séche ne varié pás. 2. Chez les fraises la teneur en acide ascorbique est plus élevée dans les fruits moins műrs. Chez les abricots la teneur en acide ascorbique des fruits mürs ne montre pas de variations signifiantes, comparée ä celles des fruits demi-mürs. 3. Chez les fruits de divers degrés de maturité on n’observe que de faibles variations dans les teneurs respectives des sucres totaux et réducteurs. Les variations sont encore plus faibles chez les fraises. La teneur la plus élevée en sucres se fait observer chez les fruit demi-mürs

Assessment of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: To assess the lacrimal glands in patients with thyroid eye disease with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 44 consecutive patients (17 males, 27 females, with mean age 36 years) with thyroid eye disease and 20 age- and sex-matched volunteers. They underwent diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the orbit. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lacrimal glands were calculated and correlated with the clinical activity score (CAS). Results: The mean ADC of lacrimal glands in thyroid eye disease (1.73 × 10-3 mm2/s) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of volunteers (1.52 × 10-3 mm2/s). The cutoff ADC value of lacrimal gland used for differentiation of thyroid eye disease from volunteers was 1.62 × 10–3 mm2/s with an area under the curve value of 0.95 and an accuracy of 96%. There was significant difference (p = 0.03) in the ADC of the lacrimal glands in patients with active (n = 24) and inactive (n = 20) disease. The cutoff ADC value of the lacrimal gland used to suspect active disease was 1.76 × 10-3 mm2/s with an area under the curve value of 0.80 and an accuracy of 82%. There was positive correlation between the ADC value of the lacrimal glands and CAS (r = 0.73, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The ADC of the lacrimal glands is a non-invasive imaging parameter that can be used for diagnosis of thyroid eye disease and to predict the active form of the disease

Synthesis and preliminary biological screening of certain 5-aralkyl pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as anticonvulsants

Synthesis of a series of 5-aralkyl pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives namely, 1-acetyl-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (3a-e), 1-H-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (4a-e), 1-acetyl-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (8a-e), 1-H-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (9a-e) have been accomplished. The structures of the new compounds were assigned from IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Compounds 3a-e, 4a-e, 8a-e and 9a-e were biologically screened for their anticonvulsant potential using the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizures (scPTZ) assay and Gabapentin as reference standard. The 1-H-4-hydroxy-5-benzyl or 5-(4-alkoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids (4a-e) showed the highest anticonvulsant activity. Compound 4b was found to be the most potent one which exhibited 100% protection

Study of fibromodulin gene expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

AbstractBackground and objectivesIt has become evident that fibromodulin and other members of the proteoglycan family are not only involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and cell adhesion but they also contribute to modulation of cytokine activity, suppression of tumor growth, and prevention of apoptosis. Fibromodulin has been characterized as one of the tumor associated antigens (TAA) in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with the potential to elicit specific antitumor response and it is considered as good candidate for immunotherapy.Aim of workto study the expression of fibromodulin at the gene level of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, in comparison to normal controls and to asses its role in the pathophysiology of CLL.Patients and methodsFibromodulin gene expression was tested by one step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 patients with B-CLL as well as in 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers.ResultsIn this study, fibromodulin gene was expressed in 46.7% of patients with B-CLL which was significantly different from the control age and sex matched healthy volunteers in which none of them showed peripheral blood mononuclear cells positivity for fibromodulin gene expression (0%) (p-value =0.006). We also found significant associations between higher fibomodulin gene expression and some risk factors in the studied CLL cases such as hepatomegaly, lower haemoglobin level, lower RBCs count, lower platelet count and borderline significant associations with other risk factors as lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.ConclusionOur results suggest that fibromodulin can be used as a target for therapeutic intervention and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of CLL

Ontological Engineering For Source Code Generation

Source Code Generation (SCG) is the sub-domain of the Automatic Programming (AP) that helps programmers to program using high-level abstraction. Recently, many researchers investigated many techniques to access SCG. The problem is to use the appropriate technique to generate the source code due to its purposes and the inputs. This paper introduces a review and an analysis related SCG techniques. Moreover, comparisons are presented for: techniques mapping, Natural Language Processing (NLP), knowledge base, ontology, Specification Configuration Template (SCT) model and deep learnin

Machine Learning Techniques for Credit Card Fraud Detection

The term “fraud”, it always concerned about credit card fraud in our minds. And after the significant increase in the transactions of credit card, the fraud of credit card increased extremely in last years. So the fraud detection should include surveillance of the spending attitude for the person/customer to the determination, avoidance, and detection of unwanted behavior. Because the credit card is the most payment predominant way for the online and regular purchasing, the credit card fraud raises highly. The Fraud detection is not only concerned with capturing of the fraudulent practices, but also, discover it as fast as they can, because the fraud costs millions of dollar business loss and it is rising over time, and that affects greatly the worldwide economy. . In this paper we introduce 14 different techniques of how data mining techniques can be successfully combined to obtain a high fraud coverage with a high or low false rate, the Advantage and The Disadvantages of every technique, and The Data Sets used in the researches by researcher