Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Co (II) Ternary Complexes Involving N-(2-Acetamido) Iminodiacete and Some Amino Acids Acid by Periodate

The kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt (II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-, (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Gly = Glycine) by periodate in aqueous acetate medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 530 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.57-5.25 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])}. Also, the kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt(II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]- (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Val = valine) by periodate in aqueous medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 580 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.3-5.12 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])

Patterns of sensitization to food allergens among allergic adults and children following-up in Zagazig university hospitals, Egypt

Background: Data regarding food sensitization and food allergy in developing countries are lacking. We sought to explore the frequency and pattern of sensitization to food allergens among a sample of Egyptian allergic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1373 allergic patients. They were subjected to thorough history taking, skin prick test, serum specific IgE (sIgE) level. Patients with evidence of sensitization to food were subjected to food elimination followed by an open oral food challenge (OFC) test. Results: Four-hundreds and nineteen patients (30.5%) (76 children and 343 adults) had evidence of sensitization to one or more food allergen. Among children, 41 (52.5%) had urticaria, 31 (39.7%) allergic rhinitis, 13 (16.6%) pollen food allergy syndrome, 16 (20.5%) bronchial asthma, 9 (11.5%) eczema and 7 (9%) had GIT symptoms. Among adults, 152 (44.5%) had allergic rhinitis, 149 (43.6%) urticaria and 57 (16.7%) had GIT symptoms. The most common allergens among children were peanut (31; 39.7%), fish (29; 37%), egg (18; 23%), and strawberry (17; 21.79%) while in adult, they were jalapeno pepper (123; 36%), egg (122; 35.7%), tomato (120; 35.1%), peanut (110; 32.2%), and fish (109; 31.9%). Significant associations were found between sensitization to different types of foods including associations between citrus fruits and mango, and between shrimps and crabs (p<0.001). Out of the sensitized 419 patients, 118 (28.2%) had positive OFC test. Conclusion: A significant proportion of both adults and children with allergic disorders are sensitized to foods. Pepper, peanut, egg, fish, tomato, strawberry are the most common foods to which Egyptian patients are sensitized

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Co (II) Ternary Complexes Involving N-(2-Acetamido) Iminodiacete and Some Amino Acids Acid by Periodate

The kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt (II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-, (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Gly = Glycine) by periodate in aqueous acetate medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 530 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.57-5.25 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])}. Also, the kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt(II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]- (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Val = valine) by periodate in aqueous medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 580 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.3-5.12 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])

New extended generalized Kudryashov method for solving three nonlinear partial differential equations

New extended generalized Kudryashov method is proposed in this paper for the first time. Many solitons and other solutions of three nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), namely, the (1+1)-dimensional improved perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation with anti-cubic nonlinearity, the (2+1)-dimensional Davey–Sterwatson (DS) equation and the (3+1)-dimensional modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) equation of ion-acoustic waves in a magnetized plasma have been presented. Comparing our new results with the well-known results are given. Our results in this article emphasize that the used method gives a vast applicability for handling other nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics

CASCADED VOLTAGE STEP-UP CANONICAL ELEMENTS FOR POWER PROCESSING IN PV APPLICATIONS

En aquesta tesis, es proposarà, com a solució per al disseny d’etapes d’elevat guany en aplicacions fotovoltaiques, la connexió en cascada d’elements canònics per al processat de potència basats en el convertidor elevador boost treballant sota un control en mode lliscant. Els tres elements canònics per al processat de potència són el transformador de corrent continu (CC), el girador de CC i el Loss-Free Resistor (LFR) o resistor lliure de pèrdues. La connexió en cascada de dos convertidors elevadors s’ha realitzat mitjançant diferents enfocs: dos elements canònics idèntics, dos elements canònics diferents i també mitjançant una única superfície de lliscament per controlar els dos convertidors. Les diferents connexions s’han comparat en termes de prestacions dinàmiques, estabilitat y temps d’establiment. Es podrà veure que la connexió en cascada de dos LFR és la millor opció per les aplicacions citades en termes de prestacions dinàmiques i estabilitat. La connexió en cascada de dos LFR s’aplicarà per la implementació d’una etapa d’adaptació d’impedàncies entre un generador fotovoltaic i un bus de tensió continua de 380 V. Per fer-ho s’utilitzarà un sistema MPPT basat en un algoritme de control extremal. Es modelarà la dinàmica ideal en mode lliscant d’ordre reduït a partir del model complet commutat tenint en compte les restriccions del mode lliscant, la característica no lineal del generador fotovoltaic i la dinàmica del control MPPT. A més a més, la connexió en cascada de dos LFR s’utilitzarà per inyectar la potència provinent d’un generador PV a una xarxa de corrent altern . A continuació, es durà a terme una comparació entre la connexió en cascada de dos LFR i dos convertidors amb guany elevat: el convertidor Z-source i un convertidor basat amb inductors acoblats. Aquests convertidors s’analitzaran per tal d’identificar els avantatges i els desavantatges de cada topologia en front a la connexió en cascada de dos LFR. La comparació es farà en termes de volum, nombre de components, prestacions dinàmiques, estabilitat i rendiment. Finalment, els dos LFR connectats en cascada s’utilitzaran per dissenyar una nanoxarxa formada per n LFR connectats en paral•lel que actuaran com etapa adaptadora entre n generadors fotovoltaics i un bus de CC de 380 V. Cada generador fotovoltaic es connectarà al bus de CC utilitzant dos LFR en cascada de forma que els n sistemes tindran els seus ports de sortida connectats en paral•lel. A més a més, es connectarà una bateria al sistema a través d’un convertidor bidireccional que serà l’encarregat de regular la tensió del bus de CC de la nanoxarxa. En el marc d’aquesta tesis s’han implementat diferents prototipus experimentals per tal de validar els anàlisis teòrics i les simulacions numèriques efectuades.En esta tesis, se propondrá, como solución para el diseño de etapas de elevada ganancia en aplicaciones fotovoltaicas, la conexión en cascada de elementos canónicos para el procesado de potencia basados en el convertidor elevador boost trabajando bajo un control en modo deslizante. Los tres elementos canónicos para el procesado de potencia son el transformador de corriente continua (CC), el girador de CC y el Loss-Free Resistor (LFR) o resistor libre de pérdidas. La conexión en cascada de dos convertidores elevadores se ha realizado mediante diferentes enfoques: dos elementos canónicos idénticos, dos elementos canónicos diferentes y también mediante una única superficie de deslizamiento para controlar los dos convertidores. Las diferentes conexiones se han comparado en términos de prestaciones dinámicas, estabilidad y tiempo de establecimiento. Se podrá ver que la conexión en cascada de dos LFR es la mejor opción para las aplicaciones citadas en términos de prestaciones dinámicas y estabilidad. La conexión en cascada de dos LFR se utilizará en la implementación de una etapa de adaptación de impedancias entre un generador fotovoltaico y un bus de CC de 380 V. Para ello se utilizará un sistema MPPT basado en un algoritmo de control extremal. Se modelará la dinámica ideal deslizante de orden reducido a partir del modelo completo conmutado teniendo en cuenta les restricciones del modo deslizante, la característica no lineal del generador fotovoltaico y la dinámica del control MPPT. Además, la conexión en cascada de dos LFR se utilizará para inyectar la potencia proporcionada por un generador PV a una red de corriente alterna. A continuación, se llevará a cabo una comparación entre la conexión en cascada de dos LFR y dos convertidores con ganancia elevada: el convertidor Z-source y un convertidor basado en inductores acoplados. Estos convertidores se analizarán para identificar las ventajas y desventajas de cada topología frente a la conexión en cascada de dos LFR. La comparación se hará en términos de volumen, número de componentes, prestaciones dinámicas, estabilidad y rendimiento. Finalmente, los dos LFR conectados en cascada se utilizarán para diseñar una nano-red formada por n LFR conectados en paralelo que actuarán como etapa adaptadora entre n generadores fotovoltaicos y un bus de CC de 380 V. Cada generador fotovoltaico se conectará al bus de CC utilizando dos LFR conectados en cascada de forma que los n sistemas tendrán sus puertos de salida conectados en paralelo. Además, se conectará una batería al sistema a través de un convertidor bidireccional que será el encargado de regular la tensión del bus de CC de la nano-red. En el marco de esta tesis se han implementado diferentes prototipos experimentales para validar los análisis teóricos y las simulaciones numéricas efectuadas.In this thesis, cascaded boost converters based on canonical elements under Sliding Mode Control (SMC) will be used as a solution for the high gain conversion ratio in PV applications. The three basic canonical elements for power processing are the DC-transformer, the DC-gyrator and the Loss Free resistor (LFR). Two cascaded boost converters will be synthesized based on one or two canonical elements using single or double sliding surfaces respectively. Different connections will be compared in terms of dynamic performance, stability, and settling time. It will be shown that the two cascaded LFRs is the best candidate for these kinds of applications in terms of dynamic performance and stability. The two cascaded LFRs will be applied to make an impedance matching between a PV generator and a DC voltage bus of 380 V. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) that employs an extremum-seeking control algorithm will be used. The ideal reduced-order sliding-mode dynamics model will be derived from the full-order switched model taking into account the sliding constraints, the nonlinear characteristic of the PV module and the dynamics of the MPPT controller. Moreover, the two cascaded LFRs will be used to connect a PV panel and AC distribution system. A comparison with other alternative converters for high gain conversion ratio will be carried out. The Z-source converter and the high step-up converter based on coupled-inductor are selected in order to make this comparison. These converters will be analyzed in order to address the advantages and disadvantages of each topology to be compared with the two cascaded LFRs in terms of volume, number of components, dynamic performance, stability and efficiency. Then, the two cascaded LFRs system will be used to synthesize a nanogrid consisting of n output paralleled two-stage boost converters which are used to connect n PV panels to a DC voltage bus of 380 V. Each PV panel is connected to the DC bus using two-stage cascaded LFRs and the n systems are connected in parallel at the output side which is then used as an interface between the panels and the DC grid. Moreover, a storage battery will be connected to the grid as a backup for the DC bus through a bidirectional converter and also for regulating the voltage of the DC bus. The thesis includes experimental implementations for validating the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulations

Prevalence, Electron Microscopy and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium species Infecting Sheep in Egypt

Cryptosporidium sp. is predominant universally and sheep are an imperative zoonotic supply of the disease. Owing to the little information presented with respect to Cryptosporidium sp. infecting sheep, this study was directed to survey the predominance and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. among sheep of different ages and sexes in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. The fecal specimens were gathered from 432 sheep of various ages (≤1 to <6, 6-12 and >12 months) and sexes. The samples were microscopically examined after staining by modified Zeihl- Neelsen technique and the intestinal mucosa was scanned by electron microscopy. A nested PCR was connected to amplify a 830 bp of 18S rRNA sequence of Cryptosporidium. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique using SspI and VspI enzymes for digestion of the secondary product of PCR for species identification was applied. The total infection rate was 25.93%. The parasite was more prevalent in males than females of different age groups. Two zoonotic Cryptosporidium species were distinguished after RFLP-PCR sequencing: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum (identified previously as Cervine genotype). The finding recommends that sheep must be considered as a noteworthy potential source of human cryptosporidiosis. A strict reconnaissance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis must be set up to counteract human infection and to assess forthcoming disease when applying control programs

Evaluating Performance of Different Filter Media Stratification for Tertiary Treatment of Wastewater

The use of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is one of the methods used to reduce the scarcity of fresh water. In this study, the different filtration media of sand, anthracite, granular activated carbon (GAC) and rice straw with a sub-base of gradual gravel supported each were used. In addition, the filtration efficiency was evaluated according to the treated water quality tests. As such, different filtration rates were parameterized to obtain the best operating conditions after ensuring that treated wastewater meets with the standard specifications for irrigation. The results indicated that the optimal filtration rate is 175 m / day, which achieves the appropriate quality of treated wastewater for the water characteristics examined according to the standard specifications of irrigation water. In addition, rice straw supported by a sand base is considered a practicable filtration media. However, the results of analyses of total solids in water did not match to Egyptian standards when using rice straw with sand as a filtration medium. Therefore, it is recommended to follow the filtration process using rice straw as a filtration medium with another stage of sand filtration to ensure the total solids comply with the standards

Path tracking control of differential drive mobile robot based on chaotic-billiards optimization algorithm

Mobile robots are typically depending only on robot kinematics control. However, when high-speed motions and highly loaded transfer are considered, it is necessary to analyze dynamics of the robot to limit tracking error. The goal of this paper is to present a new algorithm, chaotic-billiards optimizer (C-BO) to optimize internal controller parameters of a differential-drive mobile robot (DDMR)-based dynamic model. The C-BO algorithm is notable for its ease of implementation, minimal number of design parameters, high convergence speed, and low computing burden. In addition, a comparison between the performance of C-BO and ant colony optimization (ACO) to determine the optimum controller coefficient that provides superior performance and convergence of the path tracking. The ISE criterion is selected as a fitness function in a simulation-based optimization strategy. For the point of accuracy, the velocity-based dynamic compensation controller was successfully integrated with the motion controller proposed in this study for the robot's kinematics. Control structure of the model was tested using MATLAB/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the suggested C-BO, with steady state error performance of 0.6 percent compared to ACO's 0.8 percent, is the optimum alternative for parameter optimizing the controller for precise path tracking. Also, it offers advantages of quick response, high tracking precision, and outstanding anti-interference capability

Factors influencing pain and functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Introduction: Arthritic pain and impairment are all too prevalent with osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of the illness. Numeric scoring systems can be used to assess knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients' levels of pain. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the possible factors that increase pain and functional impairment in knee OA leading to increased VAS and WOMAC score.Patients and Methods: On 58 osteoarthritis patients, at Zagazig University Hospitals' Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, we conducted this cross-sectional trial. An extensive physical examination, a set of lab tests, and a series of X-rays were all performed on each patient. We utilized the WOMAC index from the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities as well as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS "0-10 cm") to assess functions and pain. For determining the severity, we utilized grading scale of Kellgren and Lawrence.Results: BMI, deformity, ESR, radiological grading are indicators of functional impairment and pain index among cases who had knee osteoarthritis.Conclusion: Presence of knee deformities and advanced X-ray grading were associated with higher pain score and more functional impairment, so we should prevent their progression. BMI is a main risk factor for higher pain scores and functional impairments

Perceptions of clinical dental students toward online education during the COVID-19 crisis: An Egyptian multicenter cross-sectional survey

Objectives: To evaluate the perceptions of clinical dental students on the role of online education in providing dental education during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was sent to four Egyptian dental schools from the 20th of January 2021 to the 3rd of February 2021. Survey questions included the demographics, uses, experiences, perceived benefits, and barriers of distance learning in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were collected from the clinical dental school students. Categorical data were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%) and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Three hundred thirty-seven clinical dental students across four Egyptian dental schools responded. Most students used either Google Classroom or Microsoft Teams to access the online content. The data showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the academic performance of most participants (97.4%) with varying degrees. On average, students were neutral when asked to rate the online lectures, but did not find online practical education as effective (81.3%) as online theoretical teaching. The commonly described barriers to online teaching included loss of interaction with educators, inappropriateness in gaining clinical skills, and the instability of the internet connection. Conclusion: Despite the reported benefits, clinical dental students in Egypt preferred the hybrid approach in dental education as distance learning represented a prime challenge to gain adequate clinical dental skills