Behind Enemy Phone Lines: Insider Trading, Parallel Enforcement, and Sharing the Fruits of Wiretaps

Two key trends were present in the successful prosecution of Raj Rajaratnam and his coconspirators in one of the largest insider-trading conspiracies in history: the use of wiretaps to investigate and prosecute insider trading and a joint effort between the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to conduct the investigation. Despite the close working relationship between the DOJ and the SEC, the DOJ never disclosed the fruits of the wiretaps to the SEC, presumably due to its belief that Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (as amended, the “Wiretap Act”)—the comprehensive framework that authorizes the government to conduct wiretaps in certain circumstances—prohibited it from doing so. Though the Second Circuit in SEC v. Rajaratnam ultimately held that the SEC could obtain wiretap materials from the criminal defendants as part of civil discovery, the question of whether direct disclosure of the wiretap materials from the DOJ to the SEC is prohibited has been raised but not yet addressed. This Note analyzes previous cases addressing the construction of the Wiretap Act’s disclosure provisions and concludes that direct disclosure from the DOJ to the SEC is not prohibited by the Act. It further proposes a process by which civil enforcement agencies, such as the SEC, can request disclosure of wiretap materials through the DOJ in such a way that balances the benefits of disclosure against the privacy interests of the parties whose conversations were intercepted

2 P2P or Not 2 P2P?

In the hope of stimulating discussion, we present a heuristic decision tree that designers can use to judge the likely suitability of a P2P architecture for their applications. It is based on the characteristics of a wide range of P2P systems from the literature, both proposed and deployed.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Social Determinants of Health and What Mothers Say They Need and Want After Release From Jail.

Identifying the biopsychosocial needs of mothers who have been released from jail is critical to understanding the best ways to support their health and stability after release. In May through August 2014, we interviewed 15 mothers who had been released from an urban jail about their reentry experiences, and we analyzed transcripts for themes. Eight domains of community reentry emerged through analysis: behavioral health services, education, employment, housing, material resources, medical care, relationships with children, and social support. Participants defined barriers to successful reentry, which paralleled the social determinants of health, and shared suggestions that could be used to mitigate these barriers

IMPROVING OUTCOMES FOR CHILDREN WITH END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE THROUGH GREATER USE OF TECHNICAL-VARIANT GRAFTS

Pediatric liver transplantation provides life-saving therapy to children with end-stage liver disease but more widespread use is greatly hindered by the availability of deceased donor organs. Newer surgical techniques that use partial grafts (i.e., “technical-variant transplantation), including living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and split liver transplantation (SLT), allow for opportunities to increase the supply of organs and reduce waitlist mortality and morbidity. To understand the potential benefit of these technical-variants grafts, we first conducted an analysis of patient and graft survival using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) to determine if there was a change in outcomes over time associated with use of these newer surgical procedures. We subsequently explored outcomes for children on the liver transplant waitlist using SRTR and determined how waitlist outcomes, including living donation, vary based on sociodemographic characteristics. In order to better understand why African Americans and individuals on public assistance use LDLT at lower rates, we conducted a survey of potential barriers for parents of children with ESLD or transplant recipients including an assessment of their understanding of LDLT, its process, risks and harms. Finally, we performed an analysis of effect modifiers for SLT using SRTR data to identify which candidates had worse relative outcomes with SLT compared to WLT, and which candidates had similar outcomes irrespective of graft type. We determined that, for pediatric (<18 years) candidates from 2002-2009, post-transplant mortality for whole liver transplant (WLT, 95%) was similar to LDLT (96%; P = 0.2) but worse for SLT (92%; P = 0.002). Since 2010, mortality for WLT (95%) was worse than LDLT (98%; P = 0.01) and similar to SLT (95%; P = 0.7). We also showed that individuals were half as likely to use LDLT if they were on public assistance (sHR: 0.430.520.63) or African American (sHR: 0.410.560.75). Our survey demonstrated that many individuals in the pediatric liver transplant community are not aware of the steps for LDLT evaluation (28% unaware), who to ask (10%), that the procedure is covered by insurance (31%), and what the impact might be on the donor’s work (24%) or health (25%). These barriers were generally seen in higher frequencies for individuals that are often disadvantaged (e.g., beneficiaries of public insurance). Finally, we identified subgroups of individuals that experienced higher graft failure following SLT compared to WLT including individuals with non-BA congenital cholestasis (aHR: 1.102.093.97) or metabolic disease (aHR: 1.061.572.28), as well as children between 10-35 kg (aHR: 1.101.371.70). Collectively, this research provides updated information regarding outcomes for these procedures, identifies barriers towards their application, and suggests potential clinical or policy changes that could promote their greater use