Editor\u27s Note

Editor\u27s Note, Early College Folio, Volume 2, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)

\u3cem\u3e“It makes me feel like I\u27m the typical Asian they think of me...”\u3c/em\u3e: Beyond Homogeneous Characterizations of Chinese International Students

The dominant frameworks of analysis in the international student migration literature characterized students’ decision-making processes as dichotomous or binary through consideration of either push/pull factors or professional, sociocultural, and personal factors (Alberts & Hazen, 2005; Guo, 2010; Wang & Miao, 2013). More specifically, generalizations have been made regarding specific demographic factors such as nationalities, socioeconomic status, and/or gender. The goal of this study was to examine the differential experiences of Chinese international students. Through an initial survey of broad student experiences and basic demographics followed by interviews, I was able to highlight the heterogeneity of students’ experiences and provide a more nuanced view of individual narratives. Student experiences were then characterized in three interrelated stages of their narratives: experiences before departing China and motivations for coming to the US, experiences during their arrival in the US and at Swarthmore College, and their future aspirations and pathways. The findings suggest 1) the incompatibility between homogeneous frameworks of nationality and actual student experiences, 2) the interdependence of past, present, and future experiences, and 3) the agency students hold in the course of their personal development. As a result, implications include 1) shifting away from deficit frameworks and towards culturally responsive frameworks, 2) moving beyond temporally static frameworks by the implementation of longitudinal designs, and 3) rejecting passive frameworks by recognizing student agency

Prince Myinzaing and Early Armed Resistance Movements

The British occupation forces took the Mandalay capital without armed resistance on 28 November 1885 because King Thibaw issued a royal order on 27 November 1885 for Myanmar to surrender. After dethroning King Thibaw, the British brought him to India. Then resistance to the British took place throughout upper Myanmar. The majority of the resistance leaders were royal princes, the former servicemen. Prince Myinsaing was a son of king Mindon. Prince Myinsaing made an attempt reconquer the Mandalay capital. The resistance movement led by Myinsaing caused a great deal of difficulties for the British. Although the period of his resistance against the British was short, Prince Myinsaing's leadership could influence not only on the resistance groups in central Myanmar but also on those in hilly regions. The resistance movement led by Myinsaing caused a great deal of difficulties for the British. The British made attempt to suppress the forces of Prince Myinsaing to the end

Development of a bioreactor for in-vitro engineering of soft tissues

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

EFFECT OF WASHING ON DELTAMETHRIN CONCENTRATION AND BIO-EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDE-TREATED MOSQUITO NETS

The deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets not only prevent but also control malaria, dengue fever and other vector-bone diseases. However, the deltamethrin concentration and bio-efficacy of mosquito nets can reduce due to washing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of washing on deltamethrin concentration and bio-efficacy of military insecticide-treated mosquito nets. High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was used for the determination of deltamethrin in mosquito-nets. Then, the WHO recommended cone and excito-chamber methods were used to determine the bio-efficacy of mosquito nets. The deltamethrin concentrations in the mosquito-net were after no wash (4590±58.54 ppm), 1× wash (4020±47.39 ppm), 2× wash (3225±45.22 ppm), 3× wash (2771±107.5 ppm), 4× wash (2657±58.59 ppm), 5× wash (1835±47.55 ppm), 10× wash (957±34.85 ppm), 15× wash (197±22.54 ppm) and 20× wash (87±23.75 ppm). The mosquito knockdown effects were reduced by washing of net (no wash to 20× wash) after 60 minutes and 6 hours exposure range from 90-40% and 100-70%. The mosquito mortality rate was reduced by washing of net (no wash to 20× wash) after 24 hours exposure were reduced range from 100-80%. The mosquito repellent action was reduced by washing of net (no wash to 20× wash) after 10 minutes and 24 hours exposure, range from 90-30% and 100-60%. The effective bio-efficacy level was found in 5×wash (1835±47.55 ppm of deltamethrin).Therefore, mosquito net should be impregnated again after the 5× wash to obtain the best protection on the public from mosquito bite

Designing a usable mobile application for field data collection

Doctor of Science in Engineering - EngineeringThe advent of mobile technology, Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and convergence of voice and data over wireless networks have led to an explosion of a wide range of mobile applications. These applications include mobile internet browsers, handheld GPS navigation systems, Location Based Services (LBS), mobile workforce management systems, and so on. While much of the underlying technology is already available, there are challenges with respect to the usability of mobile applications. This project investigates the usability of a mobile application for field data collection in a utility industry. The purpose of the investigation is to gain a better understanding of the usability requirements for a mobile field data collection application but more importantly, how to meet these requirements using appropriate usability engineering techniques. A usage-centered design approach is used to design the user interface for the field data collection application. During this model-driven design process, the usability requirements are analyzed in terms of the user requirements, field data collection tasks and the operational context of fieldwork. An Underground Utility Closure (UUC) data sourcing work employed at a telecommunications utility is used as a case study for the field data collection work. The user interface is implemented as a functional prototype on a pocket computer and evaluated for usability in a field setting. It is envisaged that the usability requirements and design guidelines presented in this project will enable software engineers to meet the design challenges of usable mobile applications for field data collection and mobile computing in general

Characterization of bovine MHC DRB3 diversity in global cattle breeds, with a focus on cattle in Myanmar

Background: Myanmar cattle populations predominantly consist of native cattle breeds (Pyer Sein and Shwe), characterized by their geographical location and coat color, and the Holstein-Friesian crossbreed, which is highly adapted to the harsh tropical climates of this region. Here, we analyzed the diversity and genetic structure of the BoLA-DRB3 gene, a genetic locus that has been linked to the immune response, in Myanmar cattle populations. Methods: Blood samples (n = 294) were taken from two native breeds (Pyer Sein, n = 163 and Shwe Ni, n = 69) and a cattle crossbreed (Holstein-Friesian, n = 62) distributed across six regions of Myanmar (Bago, n = 38; Sagaing, n = 77; Mandalay, n = 46; Magway, n = 46; Kayin, n = 43; Yangon, n = 44). In addition, a database that included 2428 BoLA-DRB3 genotypes from European (Angus, Hereford, Holstein, Shorthorn, Overo Negro, Overo Colorado, and Jersey), Zebuine (Nellore, Brahman and Gir), Asian Native from Japan and Philippine and Latin-American Creole breeds was also included. Furthermore, the information from the IPD-MHC database was also used in the present analysis. DNA was genotyped using the sequence-based typing method. DNA electropherograms were analyzed using the Assign 400ATF software. Results: We detected 71 distinct alleles, including three new variants for the BoLA-DRB3 gene. Venn analysis showed that 11 of these alleles were only detected in Myanmar native breeds and 26 were only shared with Asian native and/or Zebu groups. The number of alleles ranged from 33 in Holstein-Friesians to 58 in Pyer Seins, and the observed versus unbiased expected heterozygosity were higher than 0.84 in all the three the populations analyzed. The FST analysis showed a low level of genetic differentiation between the two Myanmar native breeds (FST = 0.003), and between these native breeds and the Holstein-Friesians (FST < 0.021). The average F ST value for all the Myanmar Holstein-Friesian crossbred and Myanmar native populations was 0.0136 and 0.0121, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and tree analysis showed that Myanmar native populations grouped in a narrow cluster that diverged clearly from the Holstein-Friesian populations. Furthermore, the BoLA-DRB3 allele frequencies suggested that while some Myanmar native populations from Bago, Mandalay and Yangon regions were more closely related to Zebu breeds (Gir and Brahman), populations from Kayin, Magway and Sagaing regions were more related to the Philippines native breeds. On the contrary, PCA showed that the Holstein-Friesian populations demonstrated a high degree of dispersion, which is likely the result of the different degrees of native admixture in these populations. Conclusion: This study is the first to report the genetic diversity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in two native breeds and one exotic cattle crossbreed from Myanmar. The results obtained contribute to our understanding of the genetic diversity and distribution of BoLA-DRB3 gene alleles in Myanmar, and increases our knowledge of the worldwide variability of cattle BoLA-DRB3 genes, an important locus for immune response and protection against pathogens.Fil: Giovambattista, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Moe, Kyaw Kyaw. University of Veterinary Science; BirmaniaFil: Polat, Meripet. No especifíca;Fil: Borjigin, Liushiqi. No especifíca;Fil: Hein, Si Thu. University Of Veterinary Science; BirmaniaFil: Moe, Hla Hla. University Of Veterinary Science; BirmaniaFil: Takeshima, Shin Nosuke. No especifíca;Fil: Aida, Yoko. No especifíca

HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment in Two Prisons in Thailand

The authors discuss the challenges of providing HIV treatment to a marginalized population: prisoners in Thailand

Experimental modal analysis of vehicle exhaust system to determine hanger location using root mean square value

Vibration of exhaust system due to the engine operation and the condition of the road surface which is transferable to the body through the hanger affects the noise, vibration and harshness performance of the vehicle, and the life time of the hangers. In order to solve this problem of the automobile exhaust system, experimental modal analysis was carried out by utilizing a sample exhaust system of passenger car as a research object within the frequency of interest. LMS Test. Lab was used to perform modal analysis. This study estimated the dynamic characteristics of the exhaust system such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using frequency response function at every measuring point, root mean square value (RMS) of vibrating energy was calculated to select hanger location of exhaust system where the RMS value is comparatively small. Experimental modal analysis is an efficient tool to study and estimate the dynamic properties of the exhaust system, and calculating RMS value is also an easy method to find hanger location of the exhaust system utilizing frequency response function