A primal-simplex based Tardos' algorithm

In the mid-eighties Tardos proposed a strongly polynomial algorithm for solving linear programming problems for which the size of the coefficient matrix is polynomially bounded by the dimension. Combining Orlin's primal-based modification and Mizuno's use of the simplex method, we introduce a modification of Tardos' algorithm considering only the primal problem and using simplex method to solve the auxiliary problems. The proposed algorithm is strongly polynomial if the coefficient matrix is totally unimodular and the auxiliary problems are non-degenerate.Comment: 7 page

Industrial Diversity and Metropolitan Unemployment Rate

Although it has for years had a lower unemployment rate than other industrialized countries, Japan has begun to see an increase in unemployment since its economy was hit by the recession of the late 90?s. The level of a nation?s unemployment is commonly seen as a barometer of its economy?s health, so that Japan?s increased unemployment has worried the government and prompted it to consider several policy options. Unemployment rate in Japan varies by region. In general, while large metropolitan areas such as Tokyo have lower unemployment rates, smaller metropolitan areas have higher unemployment. Strangely, however, Osaka, the second largest metropolitan area after Tokyo, is suffering from a high unemployment rate. In October of 2002, the Kansai region including the Osaka metropolitan area recorded an unemployment rate of 7.2%, much higher than the average rate (5.5%). Theoretically, regional differentials of the unemployment rate are attributed to the friction resulting from adjusting for the mismatch between demand and supply of labor markets among regions. These frictional factors consist of the costs of information, moving, transactions related to housing, and psychological costs. Frictional components are important factors but are not all. Industrial structure differences also affect regional differentials of the unemployment rate. This paper investigated the relationship between unemployment rate and industrial structure in metropolitan areas, with the aim of testing the hypothesis that more industrially diversified metropolitan areas have lower unemployment rates. Previous studies have been done on the relationship between industrial diversity and unemployment rate but these do not provide concrete agreement because of the failure to control other factors affecting unemployment rate. This paper follows the theoretical justification of Simon (1988), who argues that industrial diversity attains a lower unemployment rate by assuming that the frictional component of employment fluctuations is a random variable and independent across industries. Because fluctuations are uncorrelated across industries, frictional hiring in some industries may coincide with frictional layoffs at others. Unemployed individuals can fill concurrently occurring vacancies. Therefore, the unemployment rate will be lower in the more industrially diverse metropolis. Simon?s empirical analysis of 91 large U.S. SMSAs strongly supports the hypothesis. In this study, we analyze 117 metropolitan areas in Japan for the year 1995. Because there is no authoritative definition of a metropolitan area in Japan, we began by defining metropolitan areas and collected data for each. As for a variable expressing industrial diversity, the Herfindahl index is used, which is made of both numbers of employments and numbers of firms for ten industrial classifications. Other factors used in this analysis are size of metropolitan areas, transportation conditions, unemployment insurance, average schooling length, and so on. The basic equation for the empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial diversity and metropolitan unemployment rate is as follows: Metropolitan unemployment rate = f (Herfindahl index (industrial diversity), metropolitan size, transportation conditions, unemployment insurance, average schooling length in metropolis) In addition to this analysis, we also analyze whether or not a higher location quotient shows a lower unemployment rate. In the preliminary analysis, we found there are negative relationships in almost all industries.

Diseño de sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y ampliación del sistema de agua potable del Barrio Villa Vallarta en la Ciudad de Managua

El presente estudio monográfico denominado "DISEÑO DEL SISTEMA DE ALCANTARILLADO SANITARIO Y AMPLIACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE AGUA POTABLE EN EL BARRIO VILLA VALLARTA'', tiene como propósito mejorar las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de la población, djsminuir el índice de mortalidad infantil y promover cambios de comportamientos en los miembros de las familias beneficiadas, para que mejoren su nivel de vida. EI Barrio Villa Vallarta se encuentra ubicado en la parie Nor-Este de la ciudad de Managua, localizándose en la zona alta del Acueducto de Managua; específicamente está ubicado en el Distrito No. Vl de la municipalidad de Managua. Se caracteriza por ser una zona de alta densidad debido que en dicho Barrio se encuentran construcciones sencillas y lotes con dimensiones y áreas homogéneas, de aproximadamente | 05 m2. Esta conformado por 393 viviendas,13 manzanas, 9 calles y 3 avenidas, alcanzando un área total de aproximadamente 67, 327.81 m2, incluyendo calles, avenidas y un área comunal de 1,575.45 m2 La calles miden aproximadamente 750.45 m2 Para formular el estudio monográfico, primeramente se realizó un diagnóstico situacional a través de ntrevistas y encuesta dirigidas. a funcionarios, líderes comunales y familias del Barrio. Posteriormente se efectuará el estudio topográfico y el estudio de suelo para conocer las características del terreno y la clasificación o tipo de suelo que predomina en el Barrio. Además se realizó la valoración del Sistema de Alcantarillado Sanitario y Sistema de Agua Potable existente

Aesthetic consideration in patient management of severe periodontitis aggravated by oral dexamethasone

Background: The treatment of severe periodontitis must consider immune responses and local conditions, including the aesthetical aspects. The tooth loss in the anterior area can lead to a psychological issue in some patients, and the daily use of dexamethasone contributes greatly to the severity of aesthetical aspects. Periodontal treatments must be cautious of these aesthetical effects. Purpose: To report the aesthetical consideration in patient management of severe periodontitis aggravated by oral dexamethasone. Case: The 44-year-old female patient reported having tooth mobility in the upper right and left central incisor and lower right and left posterior. Due to the condition, the central anterior needed to be extracted. The patient had seafood allergies and consumed oral dexamethasone periodically to prevent allergic reactions for two years. Case management: The initial periodontal therapy was designed prior to the tooth extraction, socket preservation, and immediate denture on teeth 11 and 21. A metal frame combined with an acrylic denture was designed to support the tooth splint and replace the teeth on the mandible. The patient was treated with 20 mg of sub-antimicrobial-dose doxycycline twice a day for three months, and vitamin E was prescribed once a day. Since dexamethasone may contribute to immune response and osteoclastogenesis, dexamethasone was replaced by cetirizine. Conclusion: The treatment of severe chronic periodontitis must consider immune responses, local conditions, and aesthetical aspects. In this case, the use of dexamethasone might worsen the periodontal breakdown. However, the periodontal treatment, use of host modulation therapy, and replacement of dexamethasone with cetirizine are expected to improve these conditions

Optineurin regulates osteoblastogenesis through STAT1

A sophisticated and delicate balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts regulates bone metabolism. Optineurin (OPTN) is a gene involved in primary open-angle glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although its function has been widely studied in ophthalmology and neurology, recent reports have shown its possible involvement in bone metabolism through negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation. However, little is known about the role of OPTN in osteoblast function. Here, we demonstrated that OPTN controls not only osteoclast but also osteoblast differentiation. Different parameters involved in osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were assessed in Optn−/- mice. The results showed that osteoblasts from Optn−/- mice had impaired alkaline phosphatase activity, defective mineralized nodules, and inability to support osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, OPTN could bind to signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and regulate runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) nuclear localization by modulating STAT1 levels in osteoblasts. These data suggest that OPTN is involved in bone metabolism not only by regulating osteoclast function but also by regulating osteoblast function by mediating RUNX2 nuclear translocation via STAT1

SMALL DEGENERATE SIMPLICES CAN BE BAD FOR SIMPLEX METHODS

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