Impacto da desnutrição na qualidade de vida de pacientes com cirrose hepática

Liver cirrhosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, impairment of quality of life (QOF) and malnutrition. This study assessed the impact of malnutrition on QOF of hospitalized cirrhotic patients. The instruments used were Nutritional Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Quality of Life Short Form (SF-36). Ninety two patients were included. Malnutrition was quite prevalent and QOF in all its domains was impaired, specially the role-physical domain. Malnutrition was associated with lower QOF in physical and emotional aspects domains. Early diagnostic approach can provide valuable information for the better nutritional and psychological management of patients, given the need for greater humanization in the treatment of the physical and emotional suffering of these patients

Burnout and pre-competition : a study of its occurrence in Brazilian soccer players

The objective of this study was to identify and interpret the occurrence of symptoms associated with the burnout syndrome during the precompetition phase. A total of 134 male soccer players participated in the study: 71 professionals (Mage = 22.77 ± 3.98 years) and 63 amateurs (Mage = 17.18 ± 0.84 years) from three teams participating in the São Paulo State Championship, Series A-1 and A-2 (professional category) and the São Paulo Junior Soccer Cup (amateur category), organized by the São Paulo Soccer Federation, State of São Paulo, Brazil. In order to evaluate the Burnout Syndrome, a version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used, an instrument developed especially for the assessment of burnout in athletes. Values associated with greater vulnerability and, consequently, greater risk of evolving to the syndrome, were observed in a small portion of the players interviewed. The impact represented by the players with higher scores for burnout and the importance of such in relation to the team should be investigated.El objetivo del estudio actual fue identificar e interpretar la incidencia de la manifestación de los síntomas asociados al síndrome de burnout, durante la fase pre-competitiva. Participaron 134 jugadores de fútbol del sexo masculino, siendo 71 profesionales (edad = 22.77 ± 3.98 años) y 63 aficionados (edad = 17.18 ± 0.84 años) de tres equipos participantes del Campeonato Paulista de las Series A-1 y A-2 (categoría profesional) y Copa Sao Paulo de Fútbol Junior (categoría aficionados), organizado por la Federación Paulista de Fútbol del Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Para evaluar el Síndrome de Burnout fue utilizado el Cuestionario de Burnout para Atletas (CBA), una versión del Athlete Burnout Questionaire (ABQ); instrumento original desarrollado especialmente para evaluar el Burnout en atletas. En una pequeña parte de los jugadores entrevistados, fueron observados valores asociados a una mayor vulnerabilidad y, consecuentemente, mayor riesgo de desarrollar el síndrome. Se debe investigar el impacto representado por los jugadores con puntajes más elevados para el burnout y su importancia en relación al equipo.O objetivo do atual estudo foi identificar e interpretar, a incidência da manifestação dos sintomas associados à síndrome de burnout, durante a fase pré-competitiva. Participaram 134 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino, 71 profissionais (idade = 22.77 ± 3.98 anos) e 63 amadores (idade = 17.18 ± 0.84 anos) de três equipes participantes do Campeonato Paulista das Séries A-1 e A-2 (categoria profissional) e Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior (categoria amador), organizado pela Federação Paulista de Futebol, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para avaliar a Síndrome de Burnout foi utilizado o Questionário de Burnout para Atletas (QBA), uma versão do Athlete Burnout Questionaire (ABQ), instrumento original desenvolvido especialmente para avaliar Burnout em atletas. Para uma pequena parcela dos jogadores entrevistados, observou-se valores associados a maior vulnerabilidade e, consequentemente, maior risco de evoluir para a síndrome. Deve-se investigar o impacto representado pelos jogadores com escores mais elevados para burnout e a sua importância em relação a sua equipe

Evidências de validade e confiabilidade do questionário de representação da doença, impacto da epilepsia e estigma (QIRIS)

The objective of this study was to obtain reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire of illness representation, the impact of epilepsy, and stigma (QIRIS) for use with adolescents and adults in Brazil. QIRIS consists of 14 questions grouped in three domains (attribution of meaning, impact of disease, and stigma) and was applied to 57 adults with epilepsy. QIRIS internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0. 866). Significant and strong correlation was found between issues belonging to the same domain, as expected. Three domains have highly significant and positive correlations with the instrument’s total score, indicating evidence of content validity. We conclude that QIRIS has psychometric properties and can facilitate a systematic evaluation of the patient’s representation according to a biopsychosocial approach that may contribute to clinical practice based on scientific evidence747561569Este estudo buscou evidências de confiabilidade e validade para o questionário de representação da doença, impacto da epilepsia e estigma (QIRIS), para uso em adolescentes e adultos no Brasil. O QIRIS consiste de 14 questões agrupadas em 3 domínios (atribuição de significados, impacto da doença e estigma) e foi aplicado em 57 adultos com epilepsia. A consistência interna do QIRIS foi satisfatória (α de Cronbach = 0,866). Foi encontrada forte e significante correlação entre as questões com o mesmo domínio.Os três domínios têm correlações altamente significativas e positivas com a pontuação total do instrumento, indicando evidências de validade de conteúdo. Concluímos que o QIRIS tem propriedades psicométricas que facilitam uma avaliação sistemática de representação do paciente de acordo com uma abordagem biopsicossocial, além de contribuir para uma prática clínica baseada em evidências científica

Characterization of the population served in a psychology ambulatory of a hospital-school

O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar a população atendida no ambulatório de um Serviço de Psicologia de um hospital-escola, durante um ano de atividades institucionais. Este ambulatório apresenta características de funcionamento similares às de um serviço de atendimento clínico em psicologia. Para caracterizar esta clientela, foi realizada análise dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço. A amostra foi composta por 843 usuários. Os resultados indicaram a prevalência dos seguintes perfis: 73 crianças e adolescentes, do sexo feminino (59,2%), 11 anos (em média), 69,4% com ensino fundamental, que foram avaliados psicologicamente e com queixa de ansiedade/depressão; 770 adultos, com 37,2 anos (em média); do sexo feminino (60,5%), casado (59,6%), com ensino fundamental incompleto, avaliados psicologicamente para realizar procedimentos médicos contraceptivos. Os dados obtidos foram discutidos com a equipe de psicólogos do serviço e foram sugeridas algumas orientações para aprimorar o atendimento à clientela.Palavras-chave: psicologia da saúde, formação do psicólogo, demografia.The objective of the present study was to characterize the population attended in the outpatient clinic of a Psychology Service of a school hospital during a year of institutional activities. This outpatient clinic has functional characteristics similar to those of a clinical psychology clinic. To characterize this clientele, the medical records of the patients served by the service were analyzed. The sample consisted of 843 users. The results indicated the prevalence of the following profiles: 73 children and adolescents, female (59.2%), 11 years (on average), 69.4% with elementary school,who were evaluated by psychology and with anxiety/depression; 770 adults, aged 37.2 years (average), female (60.5%), married (59.6%), with incomplete primary education, evaluated by psychology to perform medical contraceptive procedures. The data obtained were discussed with the team of psychologists of the service and some guidelines were suggested to improve customer service.Keywords: health psychology, psychologist education, demographic characteristics

Occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in Community Health Workers

Introduction: Community health workers (CHWs) work under conditions of occupational risks and overload that can cause illness. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in community health workers, and compare the levels of occupational stress, according to sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted in 2017, in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo state. The Work Stress Scale and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used. Results: Forty-four CHWs participated, 70.5% were female, 47.7% were 40 years old or older, 79.5% had no other paid activity and 50.0% had three to 10 years of professional experience. Twenty-one (47.7%) professionals presented important levels of occupational stress (>2.5). The main stressors were: deficiency in disclosure of information about organizational decisions (3.3;±1.1); deficiency in training (3.4;±1.6); little appreciation (3.2;±1.4); few prospects for career growth (3.2;±1.6); discrimination/favoritism in the work environment (3.1;±1.5); lack of understanding about job responsibilities (3.0; ±1.5); type of control (2.9;±1.1); how tasks are distributed (2.8;±1.4); performing tasks that are beyond one's capacity (2.8;±1.2); lack of autonomy in performing the work (2.7;±1.3); receiving contradictory orders from the superior (2.7;±1.4); insufficient time to perform the work (2.7;±1.3). In the last year, 65.9% of CHWs reported musculoskeletal pain in the lower back, 61.4% in the neck, 47.7% in the shoulders, and 43.2% in the knees. Conclusion: Occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms are problems present in the CHWs' work practice, showing that organizations need to increase labor resources to prevent psychosocial risks and enhance the quality of work of these professionals

Analysis of progressive muscle relaxation on psychophysiological variables in basketball athletes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a progressive muscle relaxation program on psychological (stress levels, anxiety, and mood states) and physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) variables in basketball athletes. Fifty-nine basketball players, aged 14 to 19 years, and members of Bauru Basket team, were recruited for this study and grouped into control group (CG, n = 30) and intervention group (IG, n = 29). The participants were evaluated, before and after the intervention, by the following means: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), to measure the pre-competitive anxiety state, i.e., how anxious each athlete felt just before the competition; Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), an instrument for early detection of overtraining syndrome; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), to identify the extent to which each athlete was physically or mentally stressed and the athlete’s current capability for recovery; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), specifically developed for athletes. The IG athletes participated in 12 progressive muscle relaxation sessions, a practice for tensing or tightening a specific muscle until an ideal state of relaxation is reached. Each participant had blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after every session. The CG athletes were evaluated similarly to those in the IG but without relaxation. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p = 0.039) and specific stress (p = 0.016) between CG and IG before the intervention; in addition, a significant heart rate decrease (p < 0.01) between IG and CG was noted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative analysis of psychology responding to COVID-19 pandemic in Brics nations

The BRICS Forum, an independent international organization encouraging commercial, political, and cultural cooperation between Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, was formed in 2011, and these countries have a significant influence on their regional affairs. These nations were hit by COVID-19 at different times, and all adopted home quarantine to reduce the spread of the virus. We present a comparative analysis of actions of psychology and potential outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in BRICS nations regarding five aspects: psychology in health policies, social roles of psychology, socioeconomic context, actions for the general population, and health professionals during stage 1 of the pandemic, and possible actions in stage 2. Various types of actions were taken by psychologists in BRICS, with different levels of coordinated cooperation with respective governmental and non-governmental organizations, multiple and parallel efforts from different scientific societies, and professional regulatory agencies. Scientific societies have had an important role in coordinating some of these efforts, especially because they congregate the psychologists from different parts of these countries, improving communication and access to key information. The aim of these actions varies from improving situational skills and competences to increase the accessibility of psychological services and provide psychoeducation and telepsychology. We will consider the social importance of these actions within these countries as a global opportunity for psychology to stage in a complex context involving human health. The way psychology in BRICS will face this challenging situation is likely to produce important regional influence, stimulate scientific contribution, and increase the accessibility of psychology

Motociclistas acidentados: caracterização, perfil comportamental e sintomas de transtornos mentais

Introdução: Acidentes de trânsito (AT) são uma das principais causas de trauma no mundo. No Brasil, a taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas envolvidos em AT aumentou de forma significante entre 2004 e 2014: de 2,8 para 6,2 óbitos respectivamente por 100 mil habitantes. Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de motociclistas vítimas de Acidentes de Trânsito atendidos no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto (2016 a 2018); identificar o perfil comportamental desses pacientes e rastrear sintomas de transtornos mentais. Métodos: pacientes envolvidos em acidentes com motocicleta (motoristas), atendidos no Pronto Atendimento da Cirurgia do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil, foram convidados a participar do estudo e responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) e Inventário de Auto-Avaliação para Adultos (ASR). O Banco de Dados da Unidade de Trauma do Hospital de Base forneceu as infomações do prontuário para a construção do perfil sociodemográfico e clínico (referentes às lesões do trauma) do paciente. Resultados: Os participantes (n = 40) eram principalmente do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 33,83 anos (± 12,95) e baixa escolaridade; 13 relataram dirigir após ingestão de bebida alcoólica. A maioria apresentou lesões leves. Foram identificados (ASR e MINI) problemas externalizantes e internalizantes, violação de regras, queixas somáticas, abuso de álcool e de crack. Conclusão: Entre os motociclistas acidentados houve predominância de jovens do sexo masculino com baixa escolaridade, maior prevalência de lesões nas extremidades e no abdomem, uso de álcool associado à direção e presença de sintomas de transtornos mentais internalizantes e externalizantes

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Byrsonima duckeana

Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL) and ethyl acetate (FEA) fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg−1) showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids