Back‑Office Михаила Суслова Или Кем И Как Производилась Идеология Брежневского Времени

L’article analyse le fonctionnement du Département de la Propagande et de l’Agitation de masse du comité central du PCUS entre le milieu des années 1960 et la fin de la première moitié des années 1980. C’est la première fois que se trouvent dévoilées les particularités de fonctionnement du centre qui, œuvrant dans l’ombre, coordonnait tout l’appareil soviétique de propagande. Il décrit de façon détaillée les attributions des services en charge du travail de propagande sous toutes ses formes, depuis l’invention de slogans de contre‑propagande et celle de mythes anti‑dissidents jusqu’au contrôle des sphères religieuses et sportives en passant par l’élaboration de programmes de formation pour les propagandistes de base. La deuxième partie de l’article porte sur l’examen des différents concepts idéologiques présents dans les rangs du personnel du département. Les opinions couvraient un large spectre, du soutien à l’idée « du socialisme à visage humain » au nationalisme russe. Parallèlement, même les principes fondamentaux de la ligne idéologique de Suslov se traduisaient par une multiplicité d’approches, qui allaient du marxisme académique scholastique à l’étatisme (gosudarstvenničestvo). Dans la dernière partie, l’auteur analyse le processus de formation des stéréotypes culturels chez les collaborateurs du département dont il est dit qu’il tient à la spécificité de l’école de l’époque stalinienne dans laquelle était formée la majorité des futurs collaborateurs du comité central.The article examines how the CPSU Central Committee Department for Agitation and Propaganda operated between the mid‑1960s and the first half of the 1980s. It explores, for the first time, the workings of the center that coordinated the whole Soviet propaganda machine in the shadows. The article starts with a detailed analysis of the duties of the services responsible for different forms of propaganda. These ranged from coming up with counter‑propaganda slogans and anti‑dissident myths to controlling religion and sports, and included formulating training principles for rank and file propagandists. The second part of the article deals with various ideological concepts shared by the Propaganda Department’s staff. Their views ranged from support for ‘socialism with a human face’ to Russian nationalism. At the same time, even the tenants of Mikhail Suslov’s mainstream ideology had many different approaches, from scholastic academic Marxism to Statism (gosudarstvennichestvo). In the third part, the author analyzes the formation of cultural stereotypes among the employees of the Propaganda Department, which, it is argued, is ultimately traceable to the specific environment of Stalin‑era educational institutions, where most of the staff of the Central Committee apparatus received their schooling

Deadness and how to disprove liveness in hybrid dynamical systems

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2016.06.009What if we designed a tool to automatically prove the dynamical properties of systems for which analytic proof is difficult or impossible to obtain? Such a tool would represent a significant advance in the understanding of complex dynamical systems with nonlinearities. This is precisely what this paper offers: a solution to the problem of automatically proving some dynamic stability properties of complex systems with multiple discontinuities and modes of operation modelled as hybrid dynamical systems. For this purpose, we propose a reinterpretation of some stability properties from a computational viewpoint, chiefly by using the computer science concepts of safety and liveness. However, these concepts need to be redefined within the framework of hybrid dynamical systems. In computer science terms, here, we consider the problem of automatically disproving the liveness properties of nonlinear hybrid dynamical systems. For this purpose, we define a new property, which we call deadness. This is a dynamically-aware property of a hybrid system which, if true, disproves the liveness property by means of a finite execution. We formally define this property, and give an algorithm which can derive deadness properties automatically for a type of liveness property called inevitability. We show how this algorithm works for three different examples that represent three classes of hybrid systems with complex behaviours.This work has been supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK under the framework of the project DYVERSE: A New Kind of Control for Hybrid Systems (EP/I001689/1). The first author also acknowledges the support of the Research Councils UK under the grant EP/E50048/1.Published versio

Sanitary and hygienic aspects of the covid-19 self-isolation

© 2020 Mitrokhin et al. Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation

Organizational measures aiming to combat COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: the first experience

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) spreading took place in the Russian Federation in recent 10 months. Russia has a reliable and effective governmental public health infrastructure that worked at an advanced level to control the situation since the first day of receiving reports about pneumonia ofunknown etiology cases in December 2019 and the registration of the first COVID-19 cases in Wuhan, China, in January 2020. Several measures were applied (administrative, organizational, technical, sanitary, and hygiene), nevertheless, creating an adequate response to the COVID-19 pandemic was 15 a challenge for the Russian national public health authorities. Areas covered: We used official information of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), the Russian Federation Government, and Moscow Government, and the official World Health Organization (WHO);the analysis was conducted between 1 December 2019 and 31 March 2020. Expert opinion: Rospotrebnadzor implemented a set of measures which comprised of three stages: 1. Stage 1 Preventive and sanitary measures; 2. Stage 2 Organizational and technical measures; 3. Stage 3 Organizational and preventive measures