Hepatic changes during a carrageenan induced granuloma in rats

Hepatic changes during inflammation were studied in rats bearing a carrageenan induced granuloma. In spite of a decrease in the metabolic capacity of microsomes to induce lipid peroxidation during inflammation, the endogenous lipid peroxidation remained unchanged and unrelated with the hepatic activities measured. The continuous increase in hepatic cAMP observed during acute and chronic phases could be related to adenylate cyclase stimulation by mediators, and could be an initial step in the hepatocyte adaptation leading to the increased level of hepatic caeruloplasmin, to the reduction of cytochrome P-450 level and to the modifications of Ca2+ sequestration by microsomes

Design and optimization of a microstereolithography 3D printer

Stereolithography is a rapid prototyping technology with a hundred-micron-scale resolution based on the process of curing a photopolymer by the interaction of one photon of light with a photoinitiator and/or a photosensitizer. It is a surface based technique where the structure is constructed layer-by-layer. In Mask image Projection approach, the entire cross section is cured by using a Dynamic Mask Generator. The aim of this thesis was the construction of a Mask Projection Microstereolithography (MPµSL) 3D printer, whose operation is similar to the one mentioned before, but its goal is to print samples with a 5μm resolution. A Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) from a commercial projector was used as Dynamic Pattern Generator, the one will create the desired image on the resin once the UV light from a LED has polymerized it. Moreover, an elevator device, formed by a stepper motor and a linear guide, was used to enable the spread of fresh resin on the top of the already polymerized layer, so it is possible to start the light-induced solidification process of the next. Once the machine was built, produced samples were analyzed with an electronic (SEM) and an optic microscope to optimize its functioning. With those analysis, it was possible to measure the horizontal resolution of the 3D-printer (4.41〖μm〗^2), while corroborating its correct operation. One of the most important lines of work would be the development of a device that allows a precise measurement of the distance between the platform and the resin vat, since at this moment this process is done intuitively and in case of using resins with a low depth of penetration, it is a very complicated tas

Medicalization, risk and social control

The article examines the relationships between the functioning of risk as a biopolitical device and the medicalization of deviant behavior in contemporary societies. It presents an analysis of various biopolitical strategies and technologies related to the medicalization of crime and criminal behaviour from the viewpoint of the role that risk plays in interconnecting the microphysical and biopolitical dimensions of the medicalization of social life, along with the connections between medical knowledge and social control.O artigo examina as relações entre o funcionamento do risco como dispositivo biopolítico e os processos de medicalização de comportamentos desviantes nas sociedades contemporâneas. Analisam-se algumas estratégias e tecnologias biopolíticas de medicalização do crime e da periculosidade criminal, do ponto de vista do papel do risco como elemento articulador das dimensões microfísica e biopolítica da medicalização da vida social e das conexões entre saber médico e controle social

Sobre la densidad social del mito

El artículo tiene el objetivo de proponer algunos parámetros para el análisis sociológico del mito en la sociedad contemporánea. Se parte de una breve revisión del tema en el cuadro actual de las ciencias sociales, identificando posteriormente sus potencialidades como espacio analítico relevante para la elaboración de teoría sociológica. En este sentido, se indagan las relaciones entre mito, historia y espacio social, y las construcciones míticas como un tipo de conocimiento o saber. El artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre orientaciones teórico-metodológicas para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área temátic

O risco como recurso para a arbitragem social

Nas duas últimas décadas, as ciências sociais registraram e analisaram um novo modo de codificar os perigos e as ameaças que caracterizam a vida social nas sociedades contemporâneas, e que consistem na proliferação de discursos e práticas técnico-políticas organizadas em função de uma nova categoria de risco. Podemos observar que existe um consenso na literatura sociológica a respeito da definição de risco como uma construção social e sobre suas relações complexas com o conhecimento técnico-científico. Este trabalho discute as bases sócio-técnicas e institucionais do risco como um instrumento de arbitragem de problemas sociais nos mais diversos níveis como provisão seletiva de serviços sociais, determinação de culpa e/ou perigo no comportamento criminoso, liberação de crédito em instituições financeiras, gerenciamento de recursos humanos na área de trabalho, entre outros.In the last two decades, social sciences have been registering and analyzing the growing appearance of a new way to codify the dangers and threats that characterize social life in contemporary societies. This consists of the proliferation of discourses and technical/ political practices organized in function of risk. We can observe that there exists consensus in the sociological literature about the definition of risk as social construction and the complex relationships between risk and scientific - technical knowledge. This work especially discusses the socio - technical and institutional bases of risk as a device for arbitrage of social problems in such diverse levels as the selective provision of social services, determination of guilt and/or danger in criminal behavior, allowance of credits in the financial system, management of human resources in the labor area, and others

Detección de cepas multirresistentes de Enterococcus spp. mediante análisis de resitencia fenotípica y genotípica, en productos avícolas destinados a consumo humano

[ES] En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios de resistencias bacterianas a los antibióticos debido a la desmesurada utilización que ha tenido lugar en la producción avícola. Por ello, en este estudio se realizará la investigación de las resistencias a antibióticos de cepas de Enterococcus spp., aislados de productos avícolas que se comercializan para consumo humano. El perfil fenotípico de resistencia se llevará a cabo mediante antibiograma en medio de cultivo sólido, en el cual se analizará la sensibilidad o resistencia que presentan las cepas de Enterococcus spp. analizadas a 8 antibióticos diferentes, para obtener el porcentaje o la tasa de cepas multirresistentes. Por otro lado, el perfil genotípico se realizará mediante dos tipos diferentes de PCR, una simple y una múltiple, de los principales genes involucrados en la resistencia para comprobar si las cepas de Enterococcus spp. analizadas poseen el gen en cuestión y ver si son capaces de expresarlo o no, puesto que, en algunos casos, sí que poseen el gen que se busca, pero no son capaces de expresarlo.[EN] In recent years, studies of bacterial resistance to antibiotics have increased due to the excessive use that has taken place in poultry production. Therefore, in this study will be carried out the investigation of the resistances to antibiotics of strains of Enterococcus spp, isolated of poultry products destined for human consumption. The phenotypic profile of resistance is carried out by antibiogram in solid culture medium, in which the sensitivity or resistance of Enterococcus spp. strains to 8 different antibiotics will be analyzed, to obtain the percentage or rate of multiresistant strains. On the other hand, the Genotypic profile will be done using two different types of PCR, one single and one multiple, of the main genes involved in resistance to check if strains of Enterococcus spp. analysed possess the gene in question and see if they are able to express it or not, since, in some cases, they do possess the gene they are looking for, but they are not able to express it.Ferrando Mitjavila, M. (2019). Detección de cepas multirresistentes de Enterococcus spp. mediante análisis de resitencia fenotípica y genotípica, en productos avícolas destinados a consumo humano. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/126828TFG

Labyrinths of crime medicalization

Este artigo examina alguns aspectos dos processos de medicalização do crime e, em particular, da periculosidade criminal nas sociedades contemporâneas. Parte-se da identificação de elementos que organizaram a trajetória histórica da conversão do crime em objeto do saber médico e, fundamentalmente, da criminalidade caracterizada pelo uso da violência física, geralmente de caráter homicida, praticada por indivíduos parcial ou totalmente inimputáveis do ponto de vista da justiça criminal. O foco da análise é constituído pela avaliação psiquiátrica da periculosidade criminal e sua inscrição em estratégias biopolíticas de administração de riscos e incertezas nas sociedades modernas. Nesse sentido, atribui-se um papel relevante às transformações experimentadas pelo saber médico no que concerne à recente introdução de novos instrumentos de avaliação da periculosidade criminal, caracterizados pela formalização e padronização dos parâmetros que definem o crime, o criminoso e sua periculosidade. Essas novas tecnologias são analisadas em suas conexões com algumas tendências contemporâneas do governo da criminalidade no que se refere aos modos de vigilância e de gestão de riscos, cada vez mais atuariais e medicalizadores. Por fim, discute-se em que sentido e até que ponto essas novas tecnologias promovem a despolitização do crime, levando em consideração que as novas modalidades de avaliação da periculosidade criminal possibilitam a emergência de um discurso médico que se fundamenta na crescente responsabilização do indivíduo e na relativa desresponsabilização da sociedade pela produção de riscos e ameaças nessa área.This article examines some aspects of the processes of crime medicalization, especially the medicalization of criminal dangerousness in contemporary societies. It starts with the identification of elements that organized the historical trajectory of the conversion of crimes into objects of medical knowledge - particularly, crimes characterized by the use of physical violence, usually involving homicides, done by individuals who were partially or totally irresponsible from the point of view of criminal justice. The focus of the analysis is on psychiatric evaluation of criminal dangerousness as a part of biopolitical strategies of management of risks and uncertainties in modern societies. In this sense, we attributed an important role to the changes experienced by medical knowledge regarding the introduction of new assessment instruments of criminal dangerousness, characterized by the formalization and standardization of parameters for defining crime, criminals, and their dangerousness. These new technologies are analyzed in their connections with the contemporary trends of crime control, regarding ways of surveillance and risk management that are becoming increasingly more actuarial and medicalized. Finally, we discuss in what way and to what extent these new technologies lead to the depoliticization of crime, considering that new forms of evaluating criminal dangerousness promote the emergence of a medical discourse grounded on increasing accountability of the individual and on the relative unaccountability of society in producing risks and threats in this area

El riesgo y las dimensiones institucionales de la modernidad

Artículo origina