Prevalensi Dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Ketombe Pada Polisi Lalu Lintas Kota Semarang

Latar Belakang : Infeksi jamur pada kulit sering diderita oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di negara tropis seperti Indonesia. Infeksi jamur yang sering diderita salah satunya adalah ketombe. Ketombe adalah suatu gangguan kulit kepala yang ditandai dengan adanya skuama atau sisik berwarna putih atau abu-abu pada rambut kepala dengan jumlah yang bervariasi. Profesi polisi lalu lintas (Polantas) diperkirakan memiliki resiko tinggi terkena ketombe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian dan faktor resiko ketombe pada Polantas di Semarang.Metode : Penelitian ini bersifat belah lintang dengan subjek penelitian 58 Polantas di Semarang pada bulan Mei 2016. Diagnosis ketombe berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis oleh residen penyakit kulit kelamin dan kerokan kulit kepala. Data diambil dengan kuesioner meliputi higiene perorangan dan tempat penyimpanan topi polisi. Analisa data menggunakan uji regresi logistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05; Interval Kepercayaan 95%.Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 14 dari 58 polisi lalu lintas kota Semarang terdiagnosa ketombe. Dari hasil analisis kuesioner higiene perorangan (p = 0,145) dan tempat penyimpanan topi polisi (p = 0,750) secara statistik tidak bermakna karena p> 0,05.Simpulan : Prevalensi kejadian ketombe pada polisi lalu lintas kota Semarang sebanyak 24,1%. Higiene perorangan yang buruk dan tempat penyimpanan topi polisi bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian ketombe pada polisi lalu lintas kota Semarang

The Multiscale Systems Immunology project: software for cell-based immunological simulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Computer simulations are of increasing importance in modeling biological phenomena. Their purpose is to predict behavior and guide future experiments. The aim of this project is to model the early immune response to vaccination by an agent based immune response simulation that incorporates realistic biophysics and intracellular dynamics, and which is sufficiently flexible to accurately model the multi-scale nature and complexity of the immune system, while maintaining the high performance critical to scientific computing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Multiscale Systems Immunology (MSI) simulation framework is an object-oriented, modular simulation framework written in C++ and Python. The software implements a modular design that allows for flexible configuration of components and initialization of parameters, thus allowing simulations to be run that model processes occurring over different temporal and spatial scales.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MSI addresses the need for a flexible and high-performing agent based model of the immune system.</p

Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes: The LEAD (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes)-2 study

OBJECTIVE—The efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) to metformin were compared with addition of placebo or glimepiride to metformin in subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetes (OAD) therapy

Over-prescription of short-acting β2-agonists for asthma in South Africa: Results from the SABINA III study

Background. Asthma medication prescription trends, including those of short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs), are not well documented for South Africa (SA). Objectives. To describe demographics, disease characteristics and asthma prescription patterns in the SA cohort of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study. Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study conducted at 12 sites across SA. Patients with asthma (aged ≥12 years) were classified by investigator-defined asthma severity, guided by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2017 recommendations, and practice type (primary/ specialist care). Data were collected using electronic case report forms. Results. Overall, 501 patients were analysed − mean (standard deviation) age, 48.4 (16.6) years; 68.3% female − of whom 70.6% and 29.4% were enrolled by primary care physicians and specialists, respectively. Most patients were classified with moderate-to-severe asthma (55.7%; GINA treatment steps 3 - 5), were overweight or obese (70.7%) and reported full healthcare reimbursement (55.5%). Asthma was partly controlled/uncontrolled in 60.3% of patients, with 46.1% experiencing ≥1 severe exacerbations in the 12 months before the study visit. Overall, 74.9% of patients were prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters in the previous 12 months (over-prescription); 56.5% were prescribed ≥10 SABA canisters. Additionally, 27.1% of patients reported purchasing SABA over-the-counter (OTC); among patients with both SABA purchase and prescriptions, 75.4% and 51.5% already received prescriptions for ≥3 and ≥10 SABA canisters, respectively, in the preceding 12 months. Conclusion. SABA over-prescription and OTC purchase were common in SA, demonstrating an urgent need to align clinical practices with the latest evidence-based recommendations and regulate SABA OTC purchase to improve asthma outcomes

Ecobrick Sebagai Solusi Penanggulangan Sampah Non-Organik Rumah Tangga di Lingkungan Sayo Baru

Tujuan dari diadakannnya program kerja “Ecobrick” ini adalah untuk mengedukasi masyarakat bagaimana cara mengelola sampah di Lingkungan Sayo Baru. Permasalahan sampah (khususnya sampah anorganik) sampai saat ini menjadi masalah yang sangat krusial di masyarakat. Jika permasalahan terkait sampah di lingkungan tersebut tidak segera ditangani, maka banjir yang kerap kali terjadi di beberapa tempat di lingkungan Sayo Baru  tidak dapat teratasi, selain banjir sampah non organik yang berserakan juga mengurangi keindahan lingkungan Sayo Baru. Maka dari itu kami dari tim KKN Tematik Universitas Mataram mengajak masyarakat untuk lebih peduli lagi dalam hal bagaimana cara mengelola sampah non organik menjadi benda yang lebih bermanfaat. Dengan adanya program kerja ini, Mahasiswa KKN Tematik Universitas Mataram dapat membantu mengedukasi masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengelola sampah, mulai dari melakukan sosialisasi langsung di balai lingkungan dan pembagian brosur kepada masyarakat dan tentunya dapat mengurangi jumlah sampah harian di Lingkungan Sayo Baru, sehingga animo masyarakat untuk lebih peduli terhadap lingkungan dari sampah anorganik menjadi lebih tinggi. Adapun hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah terciptanya tempat sampah dari sampah non organik serta masyarakat sekitar merespon dengan baik karena mereka tidak bingung untuk membuang sampah rumahan yang ada

Identification of nursing assessment models/tools validated in clinical practice for use with diverse ethno-cultural groups: an integrative review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High income nations are currently exhibiting increasing ethno-cultural diversity which may present challenges for nursing practice. We performed an integrative review of literature published in North America and Europe between 1990 and 2007, to map the state of knowledge and to identify nursing assessment tools/models which are have an associated research or empirical perspective in relation to ethno-cultural dimensions of nursing care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data was retrieved from a wide variety of sources, including key electronic bibliographic databases covering research in biomedical fields, nursing and allied health, and culture, e.g. CINAHL, MEDline, PUBmed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and HAPI. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools for quality assessment. We applied Torraco's definition and method of an integrative review that aims to create new knowledge and perspectives on a given phenomena. To add methodological rigor with respect to the search strategy and other key review components we also used the principles established by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirteen thousand and thirteen articles were retrieved, from which 53 full papers were assessed for inclusion. Eight papers met the inclusion criteria, describing research on a total of eight ethno-cultural assessment tools/models. The tools/models are described and synthesized.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While many ethno-cultural assessment tools exist to guide nursing practice, few are informed by research perspectives. An increased focus on the efficiency and effectiveness of health services, patient safety, and risk management, means that provision of culturally responsive and competent health services will inevitably become paramount.</p

Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

Background Patients with acute medical illnesses are at prolonged risk for venous thrombosis. However, the appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis remains unknown. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban placebo for 35 to 42 days or subcutaneous enoxaparin placebo for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days. We performed sequential analyses in three prespecified, progressively inclusive cohorts: patients with an elevated d-dimer level (cohort 1), patients with an elevated d-dimer level or an age of at least 75 years (cohort 2), and all the enrolled patients (overall population cohort). The statistical analysis plan specified that if the between-group difference in any analysis in this sequence was not significant, the other analyses would be considered exploratory. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding. Results A total of 7513 patients underwent randomization. In cohort 1, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 6.9% of patients receiving betrixaban and 8.5% receiving enoxaparin (relative risk in the betrixaban group, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.00; P=0.054). The rates were 5.6% and 7.1%, respectively (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03) in cohort 2 and 5.3% and 7.0% (relative risk, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; P=0.006) in the overall population. (The last two analyses were considered to be exploratory owing to the result in cohort 1.) In the overall population, major bleeding occurred in 0.7% of the betrixaban group and 0.6% of the enoxaparin group (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.12; P=0.55). Conclusions Among acutely ill medical patients with an elevated d-dimer level, there was no significant difference between extended-duration betrixaban and a standard regimen of enoxaparin in the prespecified primary efficacy outcome. However, prespecified exploratory analyses provided evidence suggesting a benefit for betrixaban in the two larger cohorts. (Funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01583218. opens in new tab.