Monitoring of Hot Corrosion Behaviors for Alloys and Aluminide Coatings under Molten Sulfate Film with Thermal Cycles

In this study, a thin molten sulfate film was formed on the metallic samples and their corrosion processes have been monitored by electrochemical impedance technique under thermal cyclic condition. Inconel 600, nickel and aluminide diffusion coatings were used as samples. 50 mol%Na2SO4- 50 mol%Li2SO4 was used for preparing the molten sulfate film. Two kinds of specially designed electrochemical cells have been used in this study. One is three-electrode configuration and another is two-electrode configuration. Electrochemical impedance measurements were used for monitoring the degradation processes for all samples tested. It was found that both corrosion resistance and the change of molten sulfate film has been monitored successfully during 6 thermal cycles. In every thermal cycle, the corrosion resistance increased when the temperature shifted to lower values and decreased with the rising of temperature. Also, A drastic increase in corrosion resistance and the resistance of the molten salt film was observed when the temperature decreased below the melting point of the mixed molten sulfate film. Although both three-electrode and two-electrode configurations were usable for electrochemical measurements under molten sulfate film, it was concluded that the newly designed two-electrode configuration is more suitable under thermal cyclic condition

Development of Hydrophones for Detecting High-Energy Reactions in Water(III. Accelerator, Synchrotron Radiation, and Instrumentation)

Acoustic detectors were developed using a piezo ceramic compound PZT. A shape of the PZT detector was essential to obtain a high sensitivity. A detector of a spherically shaped shell structure, whose size was 50 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, was fabricated. Its sensitivity was calibrated to be about 40 mV/Pa at 54 kHz. Using the hydrophone, acoustic signals generated by an electron-induced cascade shower in water were detected. Experimental results were compared with simulation data and confirmed a consistency in between

シゼン タイケン ガクシュウ ト コドモ ノ セイチョウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ 2 : サケ オ ダイザイ ニ シタ シゼン タイケン カツドウ ト ソノ シドウ

　近年の社会の変化に伴う子どもたちの成長を考えた時，学校内外における多様な体験活動の機会を充実し，豊かな人間性や社会性などを培っていくことが必要である． 　本稿では，体験活動の意義や価値について再確認した上で，社会教育施設「サケのふるさと館」を利用した学習をはじめ，食べ物，生き物，心や暮らしとしての素材「サケ」をウェビングマップに整理し，サケを教材にした体験学習の内容と指導との関連について考察した．When considering children＇s development in light of recent societal changes， it is necessary to cultivate in them rich human and social qualities by enhancing opportunities for various experiential activities， both inside and outside schools. This paper reaffirms the significance of experiential activities and examines the relationship between the content and instruction of hands-on learning activities as using salmon by organizing materials in a web diagram that focus on salmon in the contexts of food， living creatures with feelings， and everyday life， including the materials have been used in study programs at the Chitose Salmon Aquarium＇s socio-educationalfacility

チャクチ海における成層強度の時空間変動とその要因

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Degenerative changes in the appendicular joints of ancient human populations from the Japan Islands

Degenerative changes in six major limb joints were investigated to compare their prevalence among five ancient skeletal populations from the Japan Islands. The populations assessed in this study consisted of the farmers in the northern Kyushu/Yamaguchi area and the foragers from the northwestern Kyushu area from the Yayoi period (5th century BC to 3rd century AD); the Okhotsk (5th to 12th centuries AD) foragers from Hokkaido and Sakhalin; the common people from medieval Kamakura (12th to 14th centuries AD) in Kanto, central Japan; and the early-modern farmers (17th to 19th centuries AD) from Kumejima, in the southernmost island chain (Ryukyu Islands). Crude prevalence comparisons showed that the shoulder and hip joints were principally affected in early-modern Kumejima and medieval Kamakura, which contrasted with the high prevalence of elbow and knee joint changes in the Okhotsk people. The heavy dependence on marine mammals and fish for dietary protein intake probably required flexion and extension movements of the most severely degenerated joints in the Okhotsk people. The northern Kyushu/Yamaguchi and northwestern Kyushu Yayoi peoples were more affected by degeneration in the wrist joints than others, possibly due to their use of innovative tools such as stone or shell knives and harpoons. A multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, region, and sex as the predictor variables for degenerative changes in joints, was applied to only the two samples from Kumejima and Kamakura (including previously reported spine data) because of their better preservation. This revealed differences in the prevalence of changes in some joints; for example, age-related changes were recognized. The Kumejima people were more commonly affected by hip and knee joint changes, whereas the Kamakura people were more commonly affected by changes to apophyseal joints. Because a stable isotope analysis indicated that the trophic levels of the two populations were almost the same, the pattern of degenerative changes would have reflected differences in their specific workloads, such as wet rice cultivation using a peculiar hoe by the Kumejima people. This study, combining multivariate logistic regression analysis of degenerative joint changes and stable isotope analyses, uses large skeletal populations to add clarity to the actual rigors of ancient life. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA