The R&D Spillovers, Innovation and Knowledge-based Economy

The R&D processes generate knowledge and enhance innovation activity. Knowledge and ideas developed by one agent may spill over to and can be used for economic and acquired by other agents. The results of these processes are known as the R&D spillover effects. Factors, that have influence on innovation diffusion, and determine the place of the R&D spillovers in knowledge-based economy have been investigated in the article. The definition and types of knowledge have been examined. The relationship between the R&D cooperation, different types of knowledge, knowledge spillovers and innovation have been traced. The main objectives of the paper are to consider the concept of the R&D spillovers and connection between different types of knowledge and the R&D spillover effects. Systematic comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of the scientific literature have been carried out in order to create the theoretical background of the research of the R&D spillovers and innovation

The intellectual capital of an enterprise: the innovative aspect

The interpretation of the category “intellectual capital” and approaches to determining the structure of intellectual capital have been considered in the study. The innovation capital, the use of which can increase the company’s competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets, takes an important place in the structure of intellectual capital. The article contains analytical results of the innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises. The prime factors limiting the innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises have been defined. Consideration has been given to the features of financing innovation activities in Ukraine. The suggestions, the implementation of which at the state level shall promote the effectiveness of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises, have been put forward.Key words: intellectual capital, innovation, innovation activity, enterpriseИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ: ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ АСПЕКТOльга Mирошниченко Резюме В статье рассмотрена трактовка категории «ин­теллектуальный капитал», подходы к опреде­лению структуры интеллектуального капитала. Важное место в структуре интеллектуального капитала занимает инновационный капитал, использование которого способно повысить конкурентоспособность предприятия на вну­треннем и внешнем рынках. Статья содержит результаты анализа инновационной активности украинских предприятий. Выделены основные факторы, ограничивающие инновационную ак­тивность предприятий Украины. Рассмотрены особенности финансирования инновационной деятельности в Украине. Внесены предложения, реализация которых на государственном уровне будет способствовать повышению эффективно­сти инновационной деятельности украинских предприятий

Proteomic analysis of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma

Background Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are commercial products broadly used to accelerate healing of tissues after injuries. However, their content is not standardized and significantly varies in composition, which may lead to differences in clinical efficacy. Also, the underlying molecular mechanisms for therapeutic effects are not well understood. Purpose A proteomic study was performed to compare the composition of low leukocyte PRP, platelet poor plasma (PPP), and blood plasma. Pathway analysis of the proteomic data was performed to evaluate differences between plasma formulations at the molecular level. Low abundance regulatory proteins in plasma were identified and quantified as well as cellular pathways regulated by those proteins. Methods Quantitative proteomic analysis, using multiplexed isotopically labeled tags (TMT labeling) and label-free tandem mass spectrometry, was performed on plasma, low leukocyte PRP, and PPP. Plasma formulations were derived from two blood donors (one donor per experiment). Pathway analysis of the proteomic data identified the major differences between formulations. Results Nearly 600 proteins were detected in three types of blood plasma formulations in two experiments. Identified proteins showed more than 50% overlap between plasma formulations. Detected proteins represented more than 100 canonical pathways, as was identified by pathway analysis. The major pathways and regulatory molecules were linked to inflammation. Conclusion Three types of plasma formulations were compared in two proteomic experiments. The most represented pathways, such as Acute Phase Response, Coagulation, or System of the Complement, had many proteins in common in both experiments. In both experiments plasma sample sets had the same direction of biochemical pathway changes: up- or down-regulation. The most represented biochemical pathways are linked to inflammation

Inovacijų vystymo prioritetai Ukrainos įmonėse

Straipsnyje pateikiama kategorijos „inovacija“ traktuotė ir apibūdinami inovacijų tipai. Inovacijos yra esminis veiksnys, lemiantis nacionalinės ekonomikos konkurencingumą, šiuolaikinių įmonių konkurencinį pranašumą. Straipsnis apima Ukrainos įmonių inovacinio potencialo tyrimo rezultatus, inovatyvios veiklos Ukrainoje rodiklius ir jų lyginamąją analizę su Europos Sąjungos šalimis; aptariama inovatyvių įmonių dalis, inovatyvių įmonių santykis pagal inovacijų tipus, inovacinės veiklos išlaidų struktūra. Pateikiamas Ukrainos reitingas pagal globalaus konkurencingumo indekso ir inovacijų indekso dedamąsias. Aptariami esminiai Ukrainos įmonių inovacijų vystymo aspektai. Priorities for innovation development of Ukrainian enterprisesOlga Miroshnychenko SummaryThe definitions of the category “innovation” and types of innovation are being considered in the article. Innovations are crucial for the competiveness of a national economy. Today, they are the main competitive advantage of modern enterprises. A research of the innovation potential of Ukrainian enterprises has been done. The paper includes indicators of innovation activity in Ukraine and their comparison with those of the EU member states: proportion of innovative enterprises, share of enterprises with adopted innovations by the type of innovation, expenditures on research and development. The international position of Ukraine by elements of the Global Competitiveness Index, the sub-index of innovation and its elements has been considered. The paper answers the question of the key aspects of innovation development of Ukrainian enterprises.Key words: innovations, innovation activity, innovation potential, enterprise, Ukrain

TERMINOLOGICAL ALLUSIVENESS AS A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF MODERN MEDIA DISCOURSE

Today, the media is firmly entrenched in human society. The media discourse is a powerful tool of influencing the human mind. Being dynamic in nature, the language of the media responds most quickly to all the changes in public consciousness. It is in the language of the media that it is easy to notice the new trends in approaches to language learning. A special place is occupied by the terminological allusiveness that plays an important role in the study of language of the XXI century. This article is devoted to the investigation of such linguistic phenomenon as terminological allusiveness specifically in the media discourse. The authors begin with the general overview of the main features, functions and categories of the media discourse. In addition, they describe key peculiarities of the allusion and term phenomena. At the same time, special attention is paid to the unconventional combination of the allusive units with terms of the exact and natural sciences as an exclusive stylistic device of the media discourse. The research paper also presents the various approaches to classification of such linguistic phenomenon, which are supported by the multiple examples. The research encourages the idea of further investigation of terminological allusiveness. The results of this study can assist any linguist in adequate discourse analysis. Keywords: “media discourse”; “terminological allusiveness”; “allusion phenomenon”; “exact and natural sciences terminology”; “linguistic studies”

Термінологічна алюзійність як характерна риса сучасного медіа дискурсу

It is stated that today’s media is firmly entrenched in human society. The media discourse is a powerful tool of influencing the human mind. Being dynamic in nature, the language of the media responds most quickly to all the changes in public consciousness. It is in the language of the media that it is easy to notice the new trends in approaches to language learning. A special place is occupied by the terminological allusiveness that plays an important role in the study of language of the XXI century. This article is devoted to the investigation of such linguistic phenomenon as terminological allusiveness specifically in the media discourse. The authors begin the study with the general overview of the main features, functions and categories of the media discourse. In addition, they describe key peculiarities of the allusion and term phenomena. At the same time, special attention is paid to the unconventional combination of the allusive units with terms of the exact and natural sciences as an exclusive stylistic device of the media discourse. The research paper also presents the various approaches to classification of such linguistic phenomenon, which are supported by the multiple examples. The research encourages the idea of further investigation of terminological allusiveness. The results of this study can assist any linguist in adequate media discourse analysis.У сучасних умовах ЗМІ є невід’ємною частиною суспільного життя. Медіа дискурс це потужний інструмент впливу на людську свідомість. Мова ЗМІ динамічна за своєю природою, а отже здатна швидко реагувати на всі зміни громадської думки. Саме в мові ЗМІ найяскравіше відображаються останні тенденції в підходах до дослідження мови. Особливе місце посідає «термінологічна алюзійність», яка відіграє важливу роль у вивченні мови XIX століття. Цю статтю присвячено дослідженню такого лінгвістичного явища, як термінологічна алюзійність, а саме її функціонуванню в медіа дискурсі. Перш за все, в статті представлено загальний огляд головних ознак, функцій та категорій медіа дискурсу. Окрім того, чітко охарактеризовано ключові особливості таких лінгвістичних явищ, як алюзія та термін. Також, особливу увагу було приділено незвичному поєднанню алюзійних одиниць з термінами природничих та точних наук як особливій стилістичній фігурі, що застосовується в медіа дискурсі. В статті також надано різноманітні підходи до класифікації вищезгаданого лінгвістичного явища. Кожна класифікація проілюстрована численними прикладами. Це дослідження дає поштовх до подальшого дослідження явища термінологічної алюзійності. Результати цього дослідження стануть в нагоді досліднику-лінгвісту, який займається вивченням медіа дискурсу

Urine, peritoneal fluid and omental fat proteomes of reproductive age women: Endometriosis-related changes and associations with endocrine disrupting chemicals.

UnlabelledEndometriosis, ectopic growth of the uterine lining (endometrium), which affects 6-11% of reproductive age women, is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. We investigated the peritoneal fluid (PF), urine and omental fat (OF) proteomes of women with endometriosis vs. individuals with no surgically visualized endometriosis. All participants were enrolled in the NICHD-funded ENDO Study. A two-step proteomic study was performed. The first, a broad survey, employed a semi-quantitative gel LC-mass spectrometry (MS) workflow: SDS PAGE fractionation, trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS. The results showed sample integrity but failed to detect any differences between women with and without endometriosis. The second step was a quantitative analysis of OF samples. We employed another sample set (n=30) from women ± disease and isobaric mass-tag (iTRAQ) chemistry to label peptides and 2D LC-MS/MS for protein identification and quantification. Three proteins-matrix metalloproteinase-9, neutrophil elastase, and FAM49B-were significantly lower in abundance in samples from women with endometriosis. Interestingly, neutrophil elastase and FAM49B levels were associated with higher levels of a subset of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that were previously measured in the same samples. The results of these experiments showed the feasibility of associating endometriosis with changes in the OF protein repertoire and EDC levels.Biological significanceEndometriosis, pathological growth of the uterine lining, is associated with significant morbidities, including pain and infertility. However, the causes of this common condition are poorly understood. This study determined whether endometriosis was associated with changes in the protein composition of peritoneal fluid, urine and/or omental fat. A protein of unknown function (FAM49B) and two proteinases (metalloproteinase-9, neutrophil elastase) were down regulated in OF samples from women with versus without endometriosis. These findings suggested proteinase imbalances at sites that were distant from the endometriotic lesions. Additionally, FAM49B and neutrophil elastase levels were associated with higher levels of a subset of environmental chemicals that were quantified in the same samples, suggesting other possible associations. Thus, this work generated hypotheses that will be tested in further studies