Sistema de clasificación automática de críticas de cine

Considerada inicialmente una subdisciplina de la tarea de clasificación de documentos, en los últimos años la clasificación de documentos basada en la opinión (conocida en inglés bajo los nombres de sentiment classification, sentiment analysis u opinion mining) ha sido objeto de un creciente interés por parte de la comunidad de investigadores del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. El creciente interés por el procesamiento automático de las opiniones contenidas en documentos de texto, es en parte consecuencia del aumento exponencial de contenidos generados por usuarios en la Web 2.0, y por el interés, entre otros, de empresas y administraciones públicas en analizar, filtrar o detectar automáticamente las opiniones vertidas por sus clientes o ciudadanos. Este Proyecto de Fin de Carrera tiene como objetivo el diseño y la implementación de un sistema de clasificación automática de textos de opinión, concretamente de críticas cinematográficas vertidas por usuarios de internet, recogidas en diferentes webs dedicadas a tal fin. Los documentos serán clasificados, en una de las categorías definidas en el sistema (de acuerdo a la orientación afectiva de las críticas), aplicando diversas técnicas para el procesamiento del lenguaje natural (se aplicará en un caso el algoritmo kNN y en otro caso se hará uso de un diccionario afectivo). El hecho de conseguir un sistema automático de clasificación evitará la intervención humana y aumentará la rapidez con que se pueden procesar este tipo de documentos. Con la realización de este proyecto, se comprobarán y analizarán también las dificultades encontradas en la implementación de un sistema de clasificación automática donde la naturaleza de los textos es de opinión. ____________________________________________________As a subfield of document classification, Opinion based document classification (also known as sentiment classification, sentiment analysis or opinion mining) has been object of an increasing interest over the last years by the natural language research community. This focus on automatic opinion detection in text documents is due to the exponential increase of contents produced by Web 2.0 users, as well as to the interest of companies and public administrations to be able to analyse, filter or detect opinions expressed by their clients or citizens. The aim of this project is the design and implementation of an automatic opinion classification system, specifically, the classification of film reviews written by internet users that have been collected among different specialized websites. The documents will be classified into one of the defined system’s categories (according to the review’s affective orientation), applying diverse techniques for the natural language processing (both a kNN algorithm and an affective dictionary will be used). Such a kind of automatic classification system avoids any human intervention and considerably decreases the document’s manipulation time. Problems and difficulties found while implementing the system will be thoroughly commented and analysed.Ingeniería de Telecomunicació

Salario mínimo y empleo juvenil

En España, los estudios que recogen los prlnclpales efectos que el salario mínimo puede tener sobre las magnitudes del mercado laboral son relativamente recientes. Estas investigaciones han tratado de recoger el impacto que supone el establecimiento de un mínimo salarial sobre aquellos grupos que son más susceptibles de verse afectados, como son el colectivo de adolescentes, jóvenes, mujeres e Inmigrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es precisamente estudiar si el impacto negativo, que supone el estableclmlento de un mínlmo salarial, sobre estos colectivos ha tenido la misma dimenslon para los años de crisis que para los años de expansión. Para llegar a este análisis, el trabajo tambien detalla los principales modelos que explican los efectos del salario mínimo en el mercado de trabajo. Además se recogen los principales trabajos empíricos realizados hasta el momento, en los que se incluyen los específlcos para caso espñaol. Finalmente, se aborda el estudio econométrico que da respuesta al principal objetivo de este trabajo.Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico e Historia e Instituciones EconómicasGrado en Economí

An unpublished legacy of Antonio Rubio Marín (1884-1980), an architect between Aragon and Madrid

Este documento se considera que es un capítulo de libro en lugar de un congresoAn unpublished legacy of the architect Antonio Rubio Marín has been found in the library of the University of Alcalá. He was an important an architect of the first half of the twentieth century in Madrid and Aragon, being responsible in Zaragoza for the Post Office building and the Grand Hotel. Still in a state of certain abandonment, the legacy has great interest for its documentary quality, being a fairly complete set of the activity of an architect of the early twentieth century. Antonio Rubio combined other notable merits, such as his training as a mathematician and cartographer, or his work as dean of the College of Architects of Madrid between 1948 and 1954. The inventory and cataloging process of the material found by researchers from the School of Architecture of the University of Alcala is currently being carried out, with the collaboration of his family and those responsible for the archiving of the same University. The legacy contains an important variety of drawings of different types. Most of them are freehand drawings in ink, in different formats and supports, high-lighting large format ones using watercolors. These drawings are of great inter-est as they are a project commissioned by the city of Zaragoza in which the proposal included the square and the Basílica del Pilar. All these documents show the work of a not very well known architect, but of undoubted value through his interesting drawings

Unraveling the active microbial populations involved in nitrogen utilization in a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland treating urban wastewater

The dynamics of the active microbial populations involved in nitrogen transformation in a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VF) treating urban wastewater was assessed. The wetland (1.5 m2) operated under average loads of 130 g COD m- 2 d- 1 and 17 g TN m- 2 d- 1 in Period I, and 80 g COD m- 2 d- 1 and 19 g TN m- 2 d- 1 in Period II. The hydraulic loading rate (HLR) was 375 mm d- 1 and C/N ratio was 2 in both periods. Samples for microbial characterization were collected from the filter medium (top and bottom layers) of the wetland, water influent and effluent at the end of Periods I (Jun–Oct) and II (Nov–Jan). The combination of qPCR and high-throughput sequencing (NGS, MiSeq) assessment at DNA and RNA level of 16S rRNA genes and nitrogen-based functional genes (amoA and nosZ-clade I) revealed that nitrification was associated both with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (Nitrosospira) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) (Nitrososphaeraceae), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) such as Nitrobacter. Considering the active abundance (based in amoA transcripts), the AOA population revealed to be more stable than AOB in both periods and depths of the wetland, being less affected by the organic loading rate (OLR). Although denitrifying bacteria (nosZ copies and transcripts) were actively detected in all depths, the denitrification process was low (removal of 2 g TN m- 2 d- 1 for both periods) concomitant with NOx-N accumulation in the effluent. Overall, AOA, AOB and denitrifying bacteria (nosZ) were observed to be more active in bottom than in top layer at lower OLR (Period II). A proper design of OLR and HLR seems to be crucial to control the activity of microbial biofilms in VF wetlands on the basis of oxygen, organic-carbon and NOx-N forms, to improve their capacity for total nitrogen removal.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

“Presencia, participación y progreso”: el aprendizaje basado en proyectos en la trayectoria de una maestra en formación

Initial teacher training, based on a technical curricular approach, presents to the teacher some limitations. To get over them is only possible by listening how does the student lives his formative process. The research we present aims to know the experience of a teacher about her initial training; to analyze how their practical deficiencies in the classroom were compensated with their participation in a project, based on action-research; and to observe how from this participation, the student discovers the Project Based Learning (PBL) method and how does she put it into practice in her classroom. In order to carry out the study, biographical diaries of the teacher, field notes and a semi-structured interview are analyzed. Review of the data leads us to conclude that it is required to offer the teacher in training the knowledge of methods such as PBL, to allow them to take these experiences to practice and reflect on their advantages. La formación inicial del profesorado, asentada en un enfoque curricular técnico, presenta para el docente algunas limitaciones. Superarlas, sólo es posible escuchando cómo vive el estudiante su proceso formativo. El estudio que presentamos, tiene como objetivos conocer la experiencia de una maestra sobre su formación inicial; analizar cómo sus carencias prácticas en el aula fueron compensadas con su participación en un proyecto, basado en la Investigación – Acción; y observar cómo desde esta participación, la alumna descubre el método de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) y lo pone en práctica en su aula. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se analizan los diarios biográficos de la protagonista, notas de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis de datos nos lleva a concluir, que resulta necesario ofrecer al maestro en formación el conocimiento de métodos como el ABP, permitirle que lleve estas experiencias a la práctica y reflexione sobre sus bondades

Leptin in early life: A key factor for the development of the adult metabolic profile

Leptin levels during the perinatal period are important for the development of metabolic systems involved in energy homeostasis. In rodents, there is a postnatal leptin surge, with circulating leptin levels increasing around postnatal day (PND) 5 and peaking between PND 9 and PND 10. At this time circulating leptin acts as an important trophic factor for the development of hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis and food seeking and reward behaviors. Blunting the postnatal leptin surge results in long-term leptin insensitivity and increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity during adulthood. Pharmacologically increased leptin levels in the postnatal period also have long-term effects on metabolism. Nevertheless, this effect is controversial as postnatal hyperleptinemia is reported to both increase and decrease the predisposition to obesity in adulthood. The different effects reported in the literature could be explained by the different moments at which this hormone was administered, suggesting that modifications of the neonatal leptin surge at specific time points could selectively affect the development of central and peripheral systems that are undergoing modifications at this moment resulting in different metabolic and behavioral outcomes. In addition, maternal nutrition and the hormonal environment during pregnancy and lactation may also modulate the offspring’s response to postnatal modifications in leptin levels. This review highlights the importance of leptin levels during the perinatal period in the development of metabolic systems that control energy homeostasis and how modifications of these levels may induce long-lasting and potentially irreversible effects on metabolis

Complex anatomy difficulting left atrial appendage closure.

Left atrial appendage closure is a useful technique for patients at high thromboembolic risk and contraindications for oral anticoagulation therapy. However, it can be challenging when anatomical difficulties are encountered. We present a unique case of atypical appendage uptake and how we completed the procedure.peer-reviewed409 K

Beneficial effects of an aged black garlic extract in the metabolic and vascular alterations induced by a high fat/sucrose diet in male rats

Aged black garlic (ABG) is a functional food with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies also report its beneficial metabolic effects in a context of obesity or diabetes, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of an ABG extract in the vascular and metabolic alterations induced by a high-fat/sucrose diet in rats. For this purpose, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a standard chow (controls; n = 12) or a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFD; n = 24) for 16 weeks. From week 8 on, half of the HFD rats were treated with a commercial ABG extract concentrated in S-allyl cysteine and melanoidins (ABG10+®; 250 mg/kg daily by gavage; 5 mL/kg). ABG10+®-treated rats showed lower mean caloric intake, body weight, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin and leptin serum concentrations and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and adiponectin serum concentrations than non-treated rats. In the hypothalamus, ABG10+® treatment induced an increase in the gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and a decrease in leptin receptor (ObR) mRNA levels. No significant changes were found in visceral adipose tissue except for an overexpression of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-ADR) in ABG-treated rats. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, ABG10+® treatment decreased adipose weight and downregulated the gene expression of PPAR-γ, LPL, ObR and HSL. In brown adipose tissue, an overexpression of InsR, GLUT-4, UCP-1 and β3-ADR in ABG10+®-treated rats was found, whereas PPAR-γ mRNA levels were significantly decreased. Regarding vascular function, ABG10+® treatment attenuated the obesity-induced vasoconstriction in response to potassium chloride both in presence/absence of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). On the contrary, aorta segments from ABG-treated rats showed and improved relaxation in response to acetylcholine only when PVAT was present, with this fact possible being related to the decreased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in this tissue. In conclusion, ABG10+® administration partially improves the metabolic and vascular alterations induced by a high-fat/high-sucrose diet in rats through modifications in the gene expression of proteins and neuropeptides involved in inflammation, fat metabolism and food intake regulation. Further studies are required to assess the bioavailability of ABG between rats and humans.This study has been funded by Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L

Learning veterinary anatomy playing cards

Gamification is a dynamic tool for educational transformation useful to encourage student interest and enhance learning. Here we present a study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of an educational card game developed by us in veterinary anatomy practicals to reinforce knowledge acquisition in veterinary students. A total of four sets of cards were designed, each one with different anatomical topics (structure identification, articulation and positioning, clinical anatomy, and comparative anatomy); students were arranged in small groups (7–10 students per group) and played the game at the end of each anatomy practical session, discussing the corresponding questions, randomly chosen, as a team. This activity was highly valued by students, most of whom (>80%) expressed that the game was enjoyable, challenging, helpful to improve their knowledge and understanding in clinical anatomy, and effective for anatomy exam preparation. Thus, the use of educational games in practical sessions seems to improve student engagement in the learning process individually and as a team.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The development and implementation of a card game as a training resource that allows learning veterinary anatomy in a motivating and cooperative environment, promoting teamwork, relationships, and trust and communication between colleagues, is described. Stimulating the ability to solve problems as a team has provided help to students preparing for their exams in a more dynamic and enjoyable way.The authors are supported by Universidad CEU CardenalHerrera (PI83A-VV-19)Veterinari

"Presence, participation and progress": project based learning in the trajectory of a teacher in training

[ES] La formación inicial del profesorado, asentada en un enfoque curricular técnico, presenta para el docente algunas limitaciones. Superarlas, sólo es posible escuchando cómo vive el estudiante su proceso formativo. El estudio que presentamos, tiene como objetivos conocer la experiencia de una maestra sobre su formación inicial; analizar cómo sus carencias prácticas en el aula fueron compensadas con su participación en un proyecto, basado en la Investigación – Acción; y observar cómo desde esta participación, la alumna descubre el método de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) y lo pone en práctica en su aula. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se analizan los diarios biográficos de la protagonista, notas de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis de datos nos lleva a concluir, que resulta necesario ofrecer al maestro en formación el conocimiento de métodos como el ABP, permitirle que lleve estas experiencias a la práctica y reflexione sobre sus bondades.[EN] Initial teacher training, based on a technical curricular approach, presents to the teacher some limitations. To get over them is only possible by listening how does the student lives his formative process. The research we present aims to know the experience of a teacher about her initial training; to analyze how their practical deficiencies in the classroom were compensated with their participation in a project, based on action-­‐research; and to observe how from this participation, the student discovers the Project Based Learning (PBL) method and how does she put it into practice in her classroom. In order to carry out the study, biographical diaries of the teacher, field notes and a semi-­‐structured interview are analyzed. Review of the data leads us to conclude that it is required to offer the teacher in training the knowledge of methods such as PBL, to allow them to take these experiences to practice and reflect on their advantages.S