14,213 research outputs found
On the description of non-unitary neutrino mixing
Neutrino oscillations are well established and the relevant parameters
determined with good precision, except for the CP phase, in terms of a unitary
lepton mixing matrix. Seesaw extensions of the Standard Model predict unitarity
deviations due to the admixture of heavy isosinglet neutrinos. We provide a
complete description of the unitarity and universality deviations in the light
neutrino sector. Neutrino oscillation experiments involving electron or muon
neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are fully described in terms of just three new
real parameters and a new CP phase, in addition to the ones describing
oscillations with unitary mixing. Using this formalism we describe the
implications of non-unitarity for neutrino oscillations and summarize the
model-independent constraints on heavy neutrino couplings that arise from
current experiments.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, typos corrected, modified bounds on
non-unitarity parameters, new figs 3 and
Probing neutrino transition magnetic moments with coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
We explore the potential of current and next generation of coherent elastic
neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENS) experiments in probing neutrino
electromagnetic interactions. On the basis of a thorough statistical analysis,
we determine the sensitivities on each component of the Majorana neutrino
transition magnetic moment (TMM), , that
follow from low-energy neutrino-nucleus experiments. We derive the sensitivity
to neutrino TMM from the first CENS measurement by the COHERENT
experiment, at the Spallation Neutron Source. We also present results for the
next phases of COHERENT using HPGe, LAr and NaI[Tl] detectors and for reactor
neutrino experiments such as CONUS, CONNIE, MINER, TEXONO and RED100. The role
of the CP violating phases in each case is also briefly discussed. We conclude
that future CENS experiments with low-threshold capabilities can improve
current TMM limits obtained from Borexino data.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, analysis updated; conclusions
unchanged; references added; matches published versio
Implications of the first detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) with Liquid Argon
The CENNS-10 experiment of the COHERENT collaboration has recently reported
the first detection of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in
liquid Argon with more than significance. In this work, we exploit
the new data in order to probe various interesting parameters which are of key
importance to CEvNS within and beyond the Standard Model. A dedicated
statistical analysis of these data shows that the current constraints are
significantly improved in most cases. We derive a first measurement of the
neutron rms charge radius of Argon, and also an improved determination of the
weak mixing angle in the low energy regime. We also update the constraints on
neutrino non-standard interactions, electromagnetic properties and light
mediators with respect to those derived from the first COHERENT-CsI data.Comment: discussion expanded including light mediators and nuclear
uncertainties, figures added, references added. V3: Fig. 7 corrected,
conclusions unchange
Determination of surface resistance and magnetic penetration depth of superconducting YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) thin films by microwave power transmission measurements
A novel waveguide power transmission measurement technique was developed to extract the complex conductivity of superconducting thin films at microwave frequencies. The microwave conductivity was taken of two laser ablated YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) thin films on LaAlO3 with transition temperatures of approx. 86.3 and 82 K, respectively, in the temperature range 25 to 300 K. From the conductivity values, the penetration depth was found to be approx. 0.54 and 0.43 micron, and the surface resistance (R sub s) to be approx. 24 and 36 micro-Ohms at 36 GHz and 76 K for the two films under consideration. The R sub s values were compared with those obtained from the change in the Q-factor of a 36 GHz Te sub 011-mode (OFHC) copper cavity by replacing one of its end walls with the superconducting sample. This technique allows noninvasive characterization of high transition temperature superconducting thin films at microwave frequencies
Experiment and modelling of the strain-rate-dependent response during in vitro degradation of PLA fibres
Polylactic acid (PLA) fibres present, in their pristine state, a strain-rate-dependent behaviour. Their mechanical properties evolve during in vitro biodegradation. Tensile tests of PLA fibres are performed at five different strain rates 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1/s and at seven degradation stages, 0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days in a phosphate buffer solution at constant temperature at 37 degrees C. The mechanical response is modelled using a modified three-element standard solid model proposed for polymers under finite deformations range. Observations on experimental data lead to the conclusion that the viscous parameters eta(1) and eta(2) are strain rate dependent, and they vary from 10,762/3202 (N/m s) at the lowest strain rate of 0.0001/s, and 12.2/9.1 (N/m s) at the highest strain rate of 0.1/s for eta(1) and eta(2), respectively, thus, depicting the shear-thinning phenomena with the increase in strain rate. Whereas stiffness parameters C-1 and C-2 are degradation dependent, they vary from 21.6/13.7 (N/m) for undegraded PLA fibres and 9.7/5.4 (N/m) for 150 days degraded PLA fibres for C-1 and C-2, respectively. Decay of stiffness parameters during biodegradation follows an exponential law. The model will be useful to design and develop new fibrous structures for ligament augmentation devices. It could contribute to develop better devices with improved mechanical performance helping those patients in need to repair the ligament tissue
Multiple and Precessing Collimated Outflows in the Planetary Nebula IC 4634
With its remarkable double-S shape, IC 4634 is an archetype of
point-symmetric planetary nebulae (PN). In this paper, we present a detailed
study of this PN using archival HST WFPC2 and ground-based narrow-band images
to investigate its morphology, and long-slit spectroscopic observations to
determine its kinematics and to derive its physical conditions and excitation.
The data reveal new structural components, including a distant string of knots
distributed along an arc-like feature 40"-60" from the center of the nebula, a
skin of enhanced [O III]/H-alpha ratio enveloping the inner shell and the
double-S feature, and a triple-shell structure. The spatio-kinematical study
also finds an equatorial component of the main nebula that is kinematically
independent from the bright inner S-shaped arc. We have investigated in detail
the bow shock-like features in IC 4634 and found that their morphological,
kinematical and emission properties are consistent with the interaction of a
collimated outflow with surrounding material. Indeed, the morphology and
kinematics of some of these features can be interpreted using a 3D numerical
simulation of a collimated outflow precessing at a moderate, time-dependent
velocity. Apparently, IC 4634 has experienced several episodes of
point-symmetric ejections oriented at different directions with the outer
S-shaped feature being related to an earlier point-symmetric ejection and the
outermost arc-like string of knots being the relic of an even much earlier
point-symmetric ejection. There is tantalizing evidence that the action of
these collimated outflows has also taken part in the shaping of the innermost
shell and inner S-shaped arc of IC 4634.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Analytical approach to viscous fingering in a cylindrical Hele-Shaw cell
We report analytical results for the development of the viscous fingering
instability in a cylindrical Hele-Shaw cell of radius a and thickness b. We
derive a generalized version of Darcy's law in such cylindrical background, and
find it recovers the usual Darcy's law for flow in flat, rectangular cells,
with corrections of higher order in b/a. We focus our interest on the influence
of cell's radius of curvature on the instability characteristics. Linear and
slightly nonlinear flow regimes are studied through a mode-coupling analysis.
Our analytical results reveal that linear growth rates and finger competition
are inhibited for increasingly larger radius of curvature. The absence of
tip-splitting events in cylindrical cells is also discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 3 ps figures, Revte
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