Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio em uma urgência e emergência: relato de experiência / Nursing care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in an urgency and emergency: experience report

O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), ou ataque cardíaco (AC), é a morte das células de uma região do músculo do coração por conta da formação de um coágulo que interrompe o fluxo sanguíneo de forma súbita e intensa. A principal causa do IAM é a aterosclerose, doença em que placas de gordura se acumulam no interior das artérias coronárias, chegando a obstrui-las. Na maioria dos casos o infarto ocorre quando há o rompimento de uma dessas placas, levando à formação do coágulo e interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2018). Este estudo, é descritivo de natureza relato de experiência, elaborado a partir da vivência da equipe de enfermagem na atuação para com um paciente acometido por IAM em uma urgência e emergência de um hospital público do interior do Pará. Dentro desse contexto, faz parte da assistência de enfermagem ao indivíduo com IAM: instalação de oxigênio terapia, punção de acesso venoso periférico, monitorização de sinais, realização de ECG e administração de fármacos como nitratos.  Com isso, a equipe de enfermagem deve estar preparada para atender casos de IAM em uma unidade de urgência e emergência. Portanto, é fundamental que o enfermeiro tenha competências técnicas e conhecimento sobre a patologia evidenciada, tendo em vista que o tempo nessa situação imprescindíveis para o paciente

PANORAMA DA MORBIDADE HOSPITALAR DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS COM OBESIDADE NO BRASIL

This article aims to analyze the panorama of patients hospitalized for obesity in all regions of Brazil. This is an observational, quantitative and descriptive study. The data were analyzed with information obtained through the Hospital Admissions System by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), investigating the epidemiological scenario of hospitalizations for obesity in Brazil, in a time frame from 2019 to 2023, were obtained by year, a total of 40,900 hospitalizations. Furthermore, the criteria selected for analysis were hospitalizations per year, by region, age group and sex. After extracting the data, 40,900 hospitalizations for obesity were evidenced between the last five years (2019/2023, and in 2025, the estimate is that 2.3 billion adults around the world will be overweight. The year 2019 presented the highest with around 36% of hospitalizations in Brazil, among the age groups analyzed the highest rates are between 30 and 39 years old and among females with 47%. The Southeast and South Region lead with the rates respectively with 42%. (19,018) and 41% (18,968).Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o panorama de pacientes internados por obesidade em todas as Regiões do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, quantitativo e descritivo . Os dados foram analisados com informações obtidas por meio do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), investigando o cenário epidemiológico de internações por obesidade no Brasil, em um recorte temporal de 2019 a 2023, foram obtidos por ano um quantitativo de 40.900 internações.  Ademais, os criterios selecionados para analise foram internações por ano, por regiões, faixa etaria e sexo. Após a extração dos dados, foram evidenciados 40.900 internações por obesidade entre os últimos cinco anos (2019/2023, e que em 2025, a estimativa é de que 2,3 bilhões de adultos ao redor do mundo estejam acima do peso. O ano de 2019 apresentou o maior com cerca de 36% das internações no Brasil, entre as faixas etárias analisadas os maiores índices estão entre 30 a 39 anos e entre os sexo feminino com 47%.  A Região Sudeste e Sul lideram com as taxas respectivamente com 42% (19.018)  e 41% (18.968)

HOSPITALIZAÇÕES POR NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DO COLO DO ÚTERO NA REGIÃO NORDESTE

The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for cervical cancer neoplasms in the Northeast region between 2018 and 2023. This is a descriptive study carried out using data on the annual frequencies of hospitalizations found in the SIH/ DATASUS, according to place of residence, from 2008, with Morbidity List (ICD -10): Malignant neoplasms of the cervix. The variables selected for the study were year of processing, ethnicity, gender and age group. According to the analysis, there were 31,953 hospitalizations for malignant neoplasia of the cervix in the Northeast region, with prevalence in the year 2022, mixed-race women and those aged 40 to 49 years. Furthermore, research plays a fundamental role in generating new data, highlighting the crucial need to develop additional prevention and detection strategies to reduce the rate of hospitalizations for cervical malignancies in the Northeast region.O presente  estudo  teve  como  objetivo  descrever  o  perfil  epidemiológico  das  internações  por neoplasias de câncer de colo de útero na região Nordeste entre 2018 e 2023. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado por meio de dados sobre as frequências anuais de hospitalizações obtidos no SIH/DATASUS, de acordo com local de residência, a partir de 2008, com Lista de morbidade (CID -10): Neoplasias malignas de colo de útero. As variáveis selecionadas para o estudo foram ano de processamento, etnia, sexo e faixa etária. De acordo com a análise, nota-se um número de 31.953  hospitalizações por Neoplasia maligna do colo do útero na região Nordeste, com prevalência no ano de 2022, mulheres pardas e na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos. Ademais, a pesquisa desempenha um papel fundamental na geração de novos dados, destacando a necessidade crucial de desenvolver estratégias adicionais de prevenção e detecção para diminuir a taxa de hospitalizações por neoplasias malignas de colo de útero na região Nordeste

Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites. The leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by protist parasites from the Genus Leishmania. Different Leishmania species present a wide clinical profile, ranging from mild, often self-resolving cutaneous lesions that can lead to protective immunity, to severe metastatic mucosal disease, to visceral disease that is ultimately fatal. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of sand flies, and as no approved human vaccine exists, available drugs are toxic and/or expensive and parasite resistance to them is emerging, new dual control strategies to combat these diseases must be developed, combining interventions on human infections and integrated sand fly population management. Effective vector control requires a comprehensive understanding of the biology of sand flies. To this end, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of two sand fly species that are important leishmaniasis vectors from the Old and New Worlds. These genomes allow us to better understand, at the genetic level, processes important in the vector biology of these species, such as finding hosts, blood-feeding, immunity, and detoxification. These genomic resources highlight the driving forces of evolution of two major Leishmania vectors and provide foundations for future research on how to better prevent leishmaniasis by control of the sand fly vectors

Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites

Insulin signaling pathway annotation.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.</div

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate and invertebrate photolyases containing <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>papatasi</i> gene models.

The different photoyases are displayed on the right. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Jones-Taylor-Thorton + four gamma categories with 1000 bootstrap replicates (showing only above 65). Sequences with squares are vertebrate cryptochromes (black—cry-4, white—cry-1, cry-2, and cry-3); sequences with black traingles represent (6–4) insect photolyases; sequences with inverted black triangles are reprenting all insect photolyase repir proteins; and sequences with a dot symbol show insect cryptochromes (black–cry-1, white–cry-2). Dashed arrows point to P. papatasi photolyase sequences and straight arrows to Lu. longipalpois photolyase sequences. (TIF)</p

Methods used for manual annotation.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.</div

MicroRNA annotation.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.</div

<i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> circadian rhythm pathway annotation.

Phlebotomus papatasi circadian rhythm pathway annotation.</p