Human CD6 down-modulation following T-Cell activation compromises lymphocyte survival and proliferative responses

Available evidence indicates that the CD6 lymphocyte surface receptor is involved in T-cell developmental and activation processes, by facilitating cell-to-cell adhesive contacts with antigen-presenting cells and likely modulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here, we show that in vitro activation of human T cells under different TCR-ligation conditions leads to surface downregulation of CD6 expression. This phenomenon was (i) concomitant to increased levels of soluble CD6 (sCD6) in culture supernatants, (ii) partially reverted by protease inhibitors, (iii) not associated to CD6 mRNA down-regulation, and (iv) reversible by stimulus removal. CD6 down-modulation inversely correlated with the upregulation of CD25 in both FoxP3- (Tact) and FoxP3+ (Treg) T-cell subsets. Furthermore, ex vivo analysis of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with activated (CD25+) or effector memory (effector memory T cell, CD45RA-CCR7-) phenotype present lower CD6 levels than their naïve or central memory (central memory T cell, CD45RA-CCR7+) counterparts. CD6lo/- T cells resulting from in vitro T-cell activation show higher apoptosis and lower proliferation levels than CD6hi T cells, supporting the relevance of CD6 in the induction of proper T-cell proliferative responses and resistance to apoptosis. Accordingly, CD6 transfectants also showed higher viability when exposed to TCR-independent apoptosis-inducing conditions in comparison with untransfected cells. Taken together, these results provide insight into the origin of sCD6 and the previously reported circulating CD6-negative T-cell subset in humans, as well as into the functional consequences of CD6 down-modulation on ongoing T-cell responses, which includes sensitization to apoptotic events and attenuation of T-cell proliferative responses

Human CD6 Down-Modulation following T-Cell Activation Compromises Lymphocyte Survival and Proliferative Responses

Available evidence indicates that the CD6 lymphocyte surface receptor is involved in T-cell developmental and activation processes, by facilitating cell-to-cell adhesive contacts with antigen-presenting cells and likely modulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here, we show that in vitro activation of human T cells under different TCR-ligation conditions leads to surface downregulation of CD6 expression. This phenomenon was (i) concomitant to increased levels of soluble CD6 (sCD6) in culture supernatants, (ii) partially reverted by protease inhibitors, (iii) not associated to CD6 mRNA down-regulation, and (iv) reversible by stimulus removal. CD6 down-modulation inversely correlated with the upregulation of CD25 in both FoxP3− (Tact) and FoxP3+ (Treg) T-cell subsets. Furthermore, ex vivo analysis of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with activated (CD25+) or effector memory (effector memory T cell, CD45RA−CCR7−) phenotype present lower CD6 levels than their naïve or central memory (central memory T cell, CD45RA−CCR7+) counterparts. CD6lo/− T cells resulting from in vitro T-cell activation show higher apoptosis and lower proliferation levels than CD6hi T cells, supporting the relevance of CD6 in the induction of proper T-cell proliferative responses and resistance to apoptosis. Accordingly, CD6 transfectants also showed higher viability when exposed to TCR-independent apoptosis-inducing conditions in comparison with untransfected cells. Taken together, these results provide insight into the origin of sCD6 and the previously reported circulating CD6-negative T-cell subset in humans, as well as into the functional consequences of CD6 down-modulation on ongoing T-cell responses, which includes sensitization to apoptotic events and attenuation of T-cell proliferative responses

Caracterització fenotípica i funcional de membres solubles de la superfamília de receptors scavenger rics en cisteïna (SF-SRCR)

[cat] La superfamília de receptors scavenger rics en cisteïna (SF-SRCR) és un grup de proteïnes de membrana i/o secretades molt antic i conservat al llarg de l’evolució. Els membres de la SF-SRCR es caracteritzen per la presència d’una o més repeticions d’un domini anomenat SRCR, d’aproximadament 100 aminoàcids (aa) i ric en cisteïna. Malgrat l’alt grau de conservació del domini SRCR, no s’ha descrit una funció o lligand comú per tots els membres de la SF-SRCR. Els estudis realitzats a llarg d’aquesta tesi han permès caracteritzar molecular i funcionalment dos membres solubles relativament nous de la SF-SRCR, S5D-SRCRB (soluble 5 domains-SRCR of group B) i S4D-SRCRB (soluble 4 domains-SRCR of group B). A més, s’ha aprofundit en la descripció del paper que juga DMBT1/Hensin en la diferenciació terminal de les cèl•lules intercalades de ronyó. S5D-SRCRB és una glicoproteïna secretòria altament glicosilada, formada per cinc dominis SRCR, espaiats per pèptids rics en els aa Pro, Ser, Thr (PST), a més d’un domini C terminal de tipus mucina. Les glicosilacions que S5D-SRCRB presenta són del tipus N i O. Al seu torn, S4D-SRCRB és una glicoproteïna formada per quatre dominis SRCR també espaiats per pèptids PST, però únicament conté glicosilacions de tipus O. A més de la caracterització bioquímica dels dos membres, la generació d’anticossos monoclonals contra S5D-SRCRB va permetre estudiar el patró d’expressió tissular d’aquesta proteïna. L’estudi va desvetllar que S5D-SRCRB s’expressava principalment als epitelis, on el tracte urogenital presentava els nivells d’expressió més importants a nivell protèic i d’ARN. Pel que fa la funció de S5D-SRCRB i S4D-SRCRB, es va observar que ambdues proteïnes s’unien de manera dosi-depenent a proteïnes de la matriu extracel•lular (fibronectina i laminina). S5D-SRCRB, a més, interaccionava amb galectina-1 i galectina-3, mitjançant els seus dominis d’unió a lectines. D’altra banda, S5D-SRCRB i S4D-SRCRB interactuaven amb components de la paret bacteriana (peptidoglicà i lipopolisacàrids) i fúngica (glucans lineals), actuant com a reconeixedors dels patrons moleculars associats a patògens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). Les dues proteïnes eren també capaces d’agregar cultius bacterians (E. coli i S. aureus) i fúngics (C. albicans). Per tant, S5D- i S4D-SRCRB podien actuar com a receptors duals capaços de reconèixer estructures endògens i exògenes, i participar en el manteniment de la homeòstasi de l’organisme. La possibilitat que S5D-SRCRB jugués un paper en la defensa dels epitelis contra infeccions es va estudiar amb més detall en el tracte urogenital, emprant models in vitro i in vivo. Els resultats van revelar que l’expressió de S5D-SRCRB augmentava tant en cultius de la línia cel•lular clone C tipus ß expossats a components de la paret bacteriana, com en els ronyons de ratolins a un model d’infecció en el tracte urinari (urinary tract infection, UTI). El patró d’expressió de S5D-SRCRB també canviava durant el procés de diferenciació terminal de les cèl•lules intercalades de ronyó, i durant l’espermatogènesi en els túbuls seminífres. Per aquest motiu s’ha proposat que S5D-SRCRB pot jugar un paper en la diferènciació cel•lular, com s’ha demostrat que passa en el cas de DMBT1/Hensin. La secreció de DMBT1/Hensin és clau en el procés de diferenciació terminal que pateixen les cèl•lules intercalades en condicions d’acidosi, i pel qual passen d’expressar un fenotip de cèl•lula intercalada tipus ß a un de tipus α.[eng] The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) members are transmembrane and/or secreted receptors exhibiting one or several repeats of a cysteine-rich protein module of +/-100 aa, named scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR). Despite the high degree of conservation of SRCR domain, non a shared function neither a ligand has been described for all the SRCR-SF members. Studies conducted on this work characterized two relatively new members of the SRCR-SF: S5D-SRCRB (soluble 5-SRCR domains of group B) and S4D-SRCRB (soluble 4-SRCR domains of group B). In addition, we better described the role of DMBT1/Hensin in terminal differentiation of renal intercalated cells. S5D-SRCRB is a highly glycosylated secretory glycoprotein, consisting of five SRCR domains, spaced by peptides rich in Pro, Ser, Thr (PST), and a mucin-like domain at the C terminal extreme. S5D- SRCRB contains N- and O- glycosylations. On the other hand, S4D-SRCRB is a glycoprotein consisting of four SRCR domains also spaced by PST peptides, but only contains O-glycosylations. S4D- and S5D-SRCRB were shown to bind endogenous extracellular matrix proteins (laminin fibronectin), as well as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. PAMP binding by S4D- and S5D-SRCRB induced microbial aggregation and changes in PAMP-induced cytokine release. These abilities suggest that S4d- and S5D-SRCRB might play a role in the innate defense and homeostasis of certain specialized epithelial surfaces. Immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis showed significant S5D-SRCRB expression in murine genitourinary and digestive tracts. S5D-SRCRB expression increased when collecting duct cells were infected. S5D-SRCRB expression pattern also changed during terminal differentiation of renal intercalated, and during spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubule. It has been proposed that S5D-SRCRB may play a role in cell differentiation, in a similar way it does DMBT1/Hensin. This work has shown that DMBT1/Hensin secretion is required during terminal differentiation carried out by intercalated cells in conditions of acidosis, which drives type ß- intercalated cells to α- intercalated cells

Human CD6 down-modulation following T-Cell activation compromises lymphocyte survival and proliferative responses

Available evidence indicates that the CD6 lymphocyte surface receptor is involved in T-cell developmental and activation processes, by facilitating cell-to-cell adhesive contacts with antigen-presenting cells and likely modulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here, we show that in vitro activation of human T cells under different TCR-ligation conditions leads to surface downregulation of CD6 expression. This phenomenon was (i) concomitant to increased levels of soluble CD6 (sCD6) in culture supernatants, (ii) partially reverted by protease inhibitors, (iii) not associated to CD6 mRNA down-regulation, and (iv) reversible by stimulus removal. CD6 down-modulation inversely correlated with the upregulation of CD25 in both FoxP3- (Tact) and FoxP3+ (Treg) T-cell subsets. Furthermore, ex vivo analysis of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with activated (CD25+) or effector memory (effector memory T cell, CD45RA-CCR7-) phenotype present lower CD6 levels than their naïve or central memory (central memory T cell, CD45RA-CCR7+) counterparts. CD6lo/- T cells resulting from in vitro T-cell activation show higher apoptosis and lower proliferation levels than CD6hi T cells, supporting the relevance of CD6 in the induction of proper T-cell proliferative responses and resistance to apoptosis. Accordingly, CD6 transfectants also showed higher viability when exposed to TCR-independent apoptosis-inducing conditions in comparison with untransfected cells. Taken together, these results provide insight into the origin of sCD6 and the previously reported circulating CD6-negative T-cell subset in humans, as well as into the functional consequences of CD6 down-modulation on ongoing T-cell responses, which includes sensitization to apoptotic events and attenuation of T-cell proliferative responses

Molecular and functional characterization of Mouse S5D-SRCRB, a new member of the group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily

12 páginas, 8 figuras -- PAGS nros. 2344-2354The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF) members are transmembrane and/or secreted receptors exhibiting one or several repeats of a cysteine-rich protein module of ∼100 aa, named scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR). Two types of SRCR domains (A or B) have been reported, which differ in the number of coding exons and intradomain cysteines. Although no unifying function has been reported for SRCR-SF members, recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was recently shown for some of them. In this article, we report the structural and functional characterization of mouse S5D-SRCRB, a new group B member of the SRCR-SF. The s5d-srcrb gene maps at mouse chromosome 7 and encompasses 14 exons extending over 15 kb. The longest cDNA sequence found is 4286 bp in length and encodes a mature protein of 1371 aa, with a predicted M(r) of 144.6 kDa. Using an episomal mammalian-expression system, a glycosylated soluble recombinant form >200 kDa was obtained and used as immunogen for the generation of specific rat mAbs. Subsequent immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis showed significant S5D-SRCRB expression in murine genitourinary and digestive tracts. S5D-SRCRB was shown to bind endogenous extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and galectin-1), as well as PAMPs present on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. PAMP binding by S5D-SRCRB induced microbial aggregation and subsequent inhibition of PAMP-induced cytokine release. These abilities suggest that S5D-SRCRB might play a role in the innate defense and homeostasis of certain specialized epithelial surfacesThis work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education (SAF 2007-62197 to F.L.), the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grants 2009/SGR/524 to J.Y. and 2009/SGR/252 to F.L.), and the Spanish Research Network on Infectious Diseases (Red Espan˜ola de Investigacio´n en Patologı´a Infecciosa, RD06/0008/1013 to F.L.). C.M.-J. and C.E.-F. are recipients of fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU AP2007-02223 and FPI BES2008-005544, respectively).Peer reviewe

Monografies del Montseny – 38 (2023)

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats SosteniblesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de QualitatObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::6 - Aigua Neta i SanejamentPostprint (published version