Les rongeurs en vergers de production biologique : méthodes de lutte préventive et continue

Limiter le recours aux substances chimiques pour la préservation des cultures est le défi nouveau de l'agriculture - une " rupture " avec des années de développement fondé sur la logique " un problème, un produit ". Mais cette simplification a privilégié de fait les stratégies individuelles au point que, parfois, des stratégies collectives de lutte utilisant ces produits avec parcimonie n'ont pu s'implanter. Nouvel angle d'attaque, l'écologie du paysage s'intéresse à la dynamique spatio-temporelle des composantes biologiques, physiques et sociales des paysages humanisés et/ou naturels. Ici, pour l'arboriculteur, il importe dorénavant d'intégrer le rôle des autres parcelles qui environnent son verger, et de comprendre les mœurs de ses vrais ennemis, par exemple ceux qui, parmi les campagnols, mangent occasionnellement non pas l'usufruit (les parties aériennes) mais le capital (les racines) du verger. Ce faisant, il sera confronté à des incertitudes scientifiques et techniques, voire à des contradictions. Par exemple, devra-t-il limiter la couverture du sol ou la laisser pour des raisons hydrologiques ? En poussant plus loin, est-il économiquement viable pour l'arboriculture d'abandonner les zones herbagères ? Il y a de quoi discuter pendant un moment

Les rongeurs en vergers de production biologique : méthodes de lutte préventive et continue

Limiter le recours aux substances chimiques pour la préservation des cultures est le défi nouveau de l’agriculture – une « rupture » avec des années de développement fondé sur la logique « un problème, un produit ». Mais cette simplification a privilégié de fait les stratégies individuelles au point que, parfois, des stratégies collectives de lutte utilisant ces produits avec parcimonie n’ont pu s’implanter. Nouvel angle d’attaque, l’écologie du paysage s’intéresse à la dynamique spatio-temporelle des composantes biologiques, physiques et sociales des paysages humanisés et/ou naturels. Ici, pour l’arboriculteur, il importe dorénavant d’intégrer le rôle des autres parcelles qui environnent son verger, et de comprendre les mœurs de ses vrais ennemis, par exemple ceux qui, parmi les campagnols, mangent occasionnellement non pas l’usufruit (les parties aériennes) mais le capital (les racines) du verger. Ce faisant, il sera confronté à des incertitudes scientifiques et techniques, voire à des contradictions. Par exemple, devra-t-il limiter la couverture du sol ou la laisser pour des raisons hydrologiques ? En poussant plus loin, est-il économiquement viable pour l’arboriculture d’abandonner les zones herbagères ? Il y a de quoi discuter pendant un moment

Unraveling the interplay between PKA inhibition and Cdk1 activation during oocyte meiotic maturation

Summary: Oocytes are arrested in prophase I. In vertebrates, meiotic resumption is triggered by hormonal stimulation that results in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) downregulation leading to Cdk1 activation. Yet the pathways connecting PKA to Cdk1 remain unclear. Here, we identify molecular events triggered by PKA downregulation occurring upstream of Cdk1 activation. We describe a two-step regulation controlling cyclin B1 and Mos accumulation, which depends on both translation and stabilization. Cyclin B1 accumulation is triggered by PKA inhibition upstream of Cdk1 activation, while its translation requires Cdk1 activity. Conversely, Mos translation initiates in response to the hormone, but the protein accumulates only downstream of Cdk1. Furthermore, two successive translation waves take place, the first controlled by PKA inhibition and the second by Cdk1 activation. Notably, Arpp19, an essential PKA effector, does not regulate the early PKA-dependent events. This study elucidates how PKA downregulation orchestrates multiple pathways that converge toward Cdk1 activation and induce the oocyte G2/M transition

Influence of edge effects on common vole population abundance in an agricultural landscape of eastern France

International audienceVole demographics are often modified close to wooded environments. Population monitoring in such settings reveals substantial edge effects, although these have seldom been quantified. This study compares the abundance of common vole Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) populations at various distances from three types of wooded environment (hedgerow, copse and forest) and in two types of habitat (temporary and permanent grassland). In temporary grassland, substantial edge effects were detected along the boundaries of forests and hedgerows. At 100 m from the forest edge, voles were twice more abundant than at 50 m, four times more than at 25 m and eight times more than at 5 m. In permanent grassland, the edge effect was such that voles were practically absent up to 100 m from the forest edge. For both types of grassland, the edge effect was more pronounced for forest habitat than for hedgerows, that is, for elements with a large surface area of wooded environment. Our results suggest that landscape context may greatly affect the local abundance of voles. Given the considerable damage done by M. arvalis, the presence of wooded patches in grassland areas leads to lower vole densities in adjacent areas and this might be an alternative method to control M. arvalis as a pest species

Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15-year prospective study

International audienceLittle is known about long-term outcomes. We investigate the adaptive trajectories and their risk factors in ASD. Data were obtained from 281 children prospectively followed untill adulthood. The final sample consisted of 106 individuals. Vineland scores were collected at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. A group-based method was used to identify homogeneous patterns of adaptive skills trajectories. Results show that among the children initially categorized as autistic, 82.6% remained over the ADOS diagnostic threshold, 11.9% converted to atypical autism, and 5.4% fell under the ADOS threshold. Most atypical autism diagnoses were unstable. Most (81.7%) autistic participants had an ID at inclusion. At T1, 59.3% were nonverbal, but only 39% at T4. Most changes occurred between 4 and 8 years of age. Approximately 25% of participants exhibited a "high" growth trajectory, in which progress continues throughout adolescence, and 75% a "low" growth trajectory, characterized by greater autistic symptoms, intellectual disability, and lower language abilities reflected by high CARS scores, low apparent DQ, and speech difficulties, which mostly, but not always, predicted low trajectories. Our findings suggest that the adaptive prognosis of autism is mostly poor in this cohort, biased toward intellectual disability. However, changes in diagnostic, speech, and adaptive status are not uncommon, even for indivduals with low measured intelligence or apparent intellectual disability, and are sometimes difficult to predict. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1455-1467. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Most autism diagnoses given before 5 years of age are stable to adulthood, but one-fifth of individuals are no longer considered to be autistic, even in a cohort biased toward apparent intellectual disability. Conversely, atypical autism diagnoses are mostly unstable. One-third of children who are nonverbal at 5 years are verbal within 15 years, mostly before 8 years of age. Concerning adaptive behavior outcomes, only one-fourth of children exhibit a high-growth trajectory through at least 15 years

Phase I study of [131I] ICF01012, a targeted radionuclide therapy, in metastatic melanoma: MELRIV-1 protocol

International audienceAbstract Background Benzamide-based radioligands targeting melanin were first developed for imaging melanoma and then for therapeutic purpose with targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). [131I]ICF01012 presents a highly favorable pharmacokinetics profile in vivo for therapy. Tumour growth reduction and increase survival have been established in preclinical models of melanoma. According the these preclinical results, we initiate a first-in-human study aimed to determine the recommended dose of [131I]ICF01012 to administer for the treatment of patients with pigmented metastatic melanoma. Methods The MELRIV-1 trial is an open-label, multicentric, dose-escalation phase I trial. The study is divided in 2 steps, a selection part with an IV injection of low activity of [131I]ICF01012 (185 MBq at D0) to select patients who might benefit from [131I]ICF01012 TRT in therapeutic part, i.e. patient presenting at least one tumour lesion with [131I]ICF01012 uptake and an acceptable personalized dosimetry to critical organs (liver, kidney, lung and retina). According to dose escalation scheme driven by a Continual Reassessment Method (CRM) design, a single therapeutic injection of 800 MBq/m2, or 1600 MBq/m2, or 2700 MBq/m2 or 4000 MBq/m2 of [131I]ICF01012 will be administered at D11 (± 4 days). The primary endpoint is the recommended therapeutic dose of [131I]ICF01012, with DLT defined as any grade 3-4 NCI-CT toxicity during the 6 weeks following therapeutic dose. Safety, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution (using planar whole body and SPECT-CT acquisitions), sensitivity / specificity of [131I]ICF01012, and therapeutic efficacy will be assessed as secondary objectives. Patients who received therapeutic injection will be followed until 3 months after TRT. Since 6 to 18 patients are needed for the therapeutic part, up to 36 patients will be enrolled in the selection part. Discussion This study is a first-in-human trial evaluating the [131I]ICF01012 TRT in metastatic malignant melanomas with a diagnostic dose of the [131I]ICF01012 to select the patients who may benefit from a therapeutic dose of [131I]ICF01012, with at least one tumor lesion with [131I]ICF01012 uptake and an acceptable AD to healthy organ. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03784625. Registered on December 24, 2018. Identifier in French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM): N°EudraCT 2016-002444-17. </jats:sec

Investigating the natural history and prognostic factors of ASD in children: the multicEntric Longitudinal study of childrEN with ASD - the ELENA study protocol

International audienceThere is global concern about the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which are early-onset and long-lasting disorders. Although ASDs are considered to comprise a unique syndrome, their clinical presentation and outcome vary widely. Large-scale and long-term cohort studies of well-phenotyped samples are needed to better understand the course of ASDs and their determinants. The primary objective of the multicEntric Longitudinal study of childrEN with ASD (ELENA) study is to understand the natural history of ASD in children and identify the risk and prognostic factors that affect their health and development

Annexin A1 in primary tumors promotes melanoma dissemination

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The cAMP in thyroid: from the TSH receptor to mitogenesis and tumorigenesis

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe