Nonlinear optical transformation of the polarization state of circularly polarized light with holographic-cut cubic crystals

n/

New study of the isotensor pi-pi interaction

With t-channel rho, f2(1270) exchange and the pi pi -> rho rho -> pi pi box diagram contribution, we reproduce the pi pi isotensor S-wave and D-wave scattering phase shifts and inelasticities up to 2.2 GeV quite well in a K-matrix formalism. The t-channel rho exchange provides repulsive negative phase shifts while the t-channel f2(1270) gives an attractive force to increase the phase shifts for pi pi scattering above 1 GeV, and the coupled-channel box diagram causes the inelasticities. The implication to the isoscalar pi pi S-wave interaction is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Nonlinear mirror based on cross-polarized wave generation

We present a new type of nonlinear mirror based on the generation of a cross-polarized wave through a nonresonant electronic third-order process. It is characterized by a reflection coefficient that depends on the input intensity. Its behavior results from the interference between the nonlinearly generated cross-polarized wave and a /2 phase-retarded wave. This setup has a lot of advantages: it does not require any phase matching, it is achromatic and suitable for femtosecond pulses, linear losses are easily adjustable, and the overall behavior is predictable. The device has been experimentally tested using BaF 2 and YVO 4 crystals. OCIS codes: 190.0190, 230.4320, 140.4050. Nonlinear mirrors (NLMs) are known to be used for mode-locking (ML) operation in solid-state lasers and also for other applications, e.g., for pulse reshaping and compression and contrast improvement. In general, NLMs can be divided into two groups. The first group is based on ͑3͒ effects: self-induced ellipse rotation in isotropic media, 1,2 the Kerr lens effect, 3 or interference effects in an external cavity with ͑3͒ media. © 2006 Optical Society of America ͑2͒ cascaded processes. 12 Here, we introduce a new type of NLM based on the generation of a linearly polarized wave cross polarized to the input one. The cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation effect is a four-wave mixing process that depends on the anisotropy of the ͑3͒ tensor. The scheme of the XPW-based NLM is shown i

ππ\pi\pi scattering S wave from the data on the reaction π−p→π0π0n\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n

The results of the recent experiments on the reaction $\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n$ performed at KEK, BNL, IHEP, and CERN are analyzed in detail. For the I=0 $\pi\pi$ S wave phase shift $\delta^0_0$ and inelasticity $\eta^0_0$ a new set of data is obtained. Difficulties emerging when using the physical solutions for the $\pi^0\pi^0$ S and D wave amplitudes extracted with the partial wave analyses are discussed. Attention is drawn to the fact that, for the $\pi^0\pi^0$ invariant mass, m, above 1 GeV, the other solutions, in principle, are found to be more preferred. For clarifying the situation and further studying the $f_0(980)$ resonance thorough experimental investigations of the reaction $\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n$ in the m region near the $K\bar K$ threshold are required.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Neutrinoless double-beta decay and seesaw mechanism

From the standard seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass generation, which is based on the assumption that the lepton number is violated at a large (~10exp(+15) GeV) scale, follows that the neutrinoless double-beta decay is ruled by the Majorana neutrino mass mechanism. Within this notion, for the inverted neutrino-mass hierarchy we derive allowed ranges of half-lives of the neutrinoless double-beta decay for nuclei of experimental interest with different sets of nuclear matrix elements. The present-day results of the calculation of the neutrinoless double-beta decay nuclear matrix elements are briefly discussed. We argue that if neutrinoless double-beta decay will be observed in future experiments sensitive to the effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass hierarchy region, a comparison of the derived ranges with measured half-lives will allow us to probe the standard seesaw mechanism assuming that future cosmological data will establish the sum of neutrino masses to be about 0.2 eV.Comment: Some changes in sections I, II, IV, and V; two new figures; additional reference

Interaction of ultrafast laser pulses with nanostructure surfaces

The interaction of ultrafast laser pulses with surfaces on the nanoscale paves the way for various innovative technologies in spectroscopy, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, or medicine, to mention only a few. The basic mechanisms, however, are still the subject of intense research. We take a closer look at this topic from different viewpoints. The first aspect is the enhancement of the efficiency of physical or chemical processes by producing local field maxima and resonances at top-down or bottom-up structured surfaces. A further aspect is the dynamic change of optical properties by inducing free carriers and plasmons. Last but not least, permanent nanostructures can be obtained as a result of nano-feedback and self-organization. In high-energy laser physics, all three aspects play a role at once. Therefore, particular attention will be paid to this emerging field

Per Capita Income Versus Household-Need Adjusted Income: A Cross-country Comparison

We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study in order to quantify the economy-wide monetary gains achieved by Household-Size Economies, due to the within-household sharing of goods by individuals living in multi-member households. In most of the twenty countries we examine, we observe a decline in monetary gains achieved by Household-Size Economies over time. This decline is the result of a demographic trend towards smaller-sized household units, rather than a change in the shares of aggregate disposable income earned by household types of different size

Dimensions of employability in the hospitality industry at destination level—the case of a spa destination in Bulgaria

The paper presents the results from the application of the holistic approach to employability based on secondary data and a questionnaire survey of the human resources employed in the hotel and restaurant sector (198) and semi-structured interviews with tourism sector employers (11) in the municipality of Devin, Bulgaria. The results outline some of the dimensions of employability, existing problems of employability and their potential solutions. It is typical for the municipality of Devin that a large part of the local population in the region is directly dependent on tourism. This leads to relatively low staff turnover and high motivation to offer a quality tourism product. Respondents exhibit a high self-assessment of their own knowledge, skills and attitude in terms of development of tourism, but this does not correspond to the real situation given their activities to improve their own skills during the pandemic period closure. Recommendations are proposed for upgrading the qualification of staff at municipal and enterprise level