18 research outputs found
COLAB:A Collaborative Multi-factor Scheduler for Asymmetric Multicore Processors
Funding: Partially funded by the UK EPSRC grants Discovery: Pattern Discovery and Program Shaping for Many-core Systems (EP/P020631/1) and ABC: Adaptive Brokerage for Cloud (EP/R010528/1); Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme.Increasingly prevalent asymmetric multicore processors (AMP) are necessary for delivering performance in the era of limited power budget and dark silicon. However, the software fails to use them efficiently. OS schedulers, in particular, handle asymmetry only under restricted scenarios. We have efficient symmetric schedulers, efficient asymmetric schedulers for single-threaded workloads, and efficient asymmetric schedulers for single program workloads. What we do not have is a scheduler that can handle all runtime factors affecting AMP for multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads. This paper introduces the first general purpose asymmetry-aware scheduler for multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads. It estimates the performance of each thread on each type of core and identifies communication patterns and bottleneck threads. The scheduler then makes coordinated core assignment and thread selection decisions that still provide each application its fair share of the processor's time. We evaluate our approach using the GEM5 simulator on four distinct big.LITTLE configurations and 26 mixed workloads composed of PARSEC and SPLASH2 benchmarks. Compared to the state-of-the art Linux CFS and AMP-aware schedulers, we demonstrate performance gains of up to 25% and 5% to 15% on average depending on the hardware setup.Postprin
Regulation of T cell receptor signaling by activation-induced zinc influx
Zinc enhances TCR signaling in part by inhibiting Shp-1 recruitment to the TCR synapse
Evaluation of Maturity and Odor Emissions in the Process of Combined Composting of Kitchen Waste and Garden Waste
With the development of urbanization, kitchen waste and garden waste have become an important part of municipal solid waste (MSW), which is in urgent need of resource treatment. This study investigated the impacts of garden waste as auxiliary materials on maturity and odor emissions (NH3 and H2S) during kitchen waste composting. The result showed that the combined composting product of kitchen waste and garden waste achieved the maturity effect, and the co-composting effect was better than that of separate composting of kitchen waste. Meanwhile, compared with the separate composting treatment of kitchen waste, the co-composting treatment of kitchen waste and garden waste can effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of H2S by more than 85%, and effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of NH3 by more than 75%. This study provides a technical reference for the green fertilizer utilization of kitchen waste and garden waste
POSTER : A collaborative multi-factor scheduler for asymmetric multicore processors
Asymmetric multicore processors (AMP) are necessary for extracting performance in an era of limited power budget and dark silicon. We have efficient symmetric schedulers, efficient asymmetric schedulers for single-threaded workloads, and efficient asymmetric schedulers for single program workloads. What we do not have is a scheduler that can handle all three factors affecting AMP scheduling: core affinity, thread criticality, and scheduling fairness. To address this problem, this paper introduces the first general purpose asymmetry-aware scheduler targeting multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads. It estimates the performance of each thread on each type of core and it identifies communication patterns and bottleneck threads. With this information, the scheduler makes coordinated core assignment and thread selection decisions that still provide each application its fair share of the processor's time. We evaluated our approach on GEM5 through four distinct big.LITTLE configurations and multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads composed of PARSEC and SPLASH2 benchmarks. Compared against the Linux CFS scheduler and a state-of-the-art AMP-aware scheduler, we demonstrate performance gains of up to 25% and 5% to 15% on average depending on the hardware setup.Postprin
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)âDependent Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Promotes Bone Anabolism Through CD8+ T Cell Wntâ10b Production in Mice
ABSTRACT Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)âdependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors such as pentoxifylline (PTX) suppress cAMP degradation and promote cAMPâdependent signal transduction. PDE inhibitors increase bone formation and bone mass in preclinical models and are used clinically to treat psoriatic arthritis by targeting inflammatory mediators including activated T cells. T cell activation requires two signals: antigenâdependent CD3âactivation, which stimulates cAMP production; and CD28 coâstimulation, which downregulates cAMPâsignaling, through PDE activation. PDEâinhibitors consequently suppress T cell activation by disrupting CD28 coâstimulation. Interestingly, we have reported that when CD8+ T cells are activated in the absence of CD28 coâstimulation, they secrete Wntâ10b, a bone anabolic Wnt ligand that promotes bone formation. In the present study, we investigated whether the bone anabolic activity of the PDEâinhibitor PTX, has an immunocentric basis, involving Wntâ10b production by CD8+ T cells. When wildâtype (WT) mice were administered PTX, biochemical markers of both bone resorption and formation were significantly increased, with net bone gain in the axial skeleton, as quantified by microâcomputed tomography (ÎŒCT). By contrast, PTX increased only bone resorption in T cell knockout (KO) mice, causing net bone loss. Reconstituting T cellâdeficient mice with WT, but not Wntâ10b knockout (KO) CD8+ T cells, rescued bone formation and prevented bone loss. To study the role of cAMP signaling in Wntâ10b expression, reverseâtranscription polymerase chain reaction (RTâPCR) and luciferaseâreporter assays were performed using primary T cells. PDE inhibitors intensified Wntâ10b promoter activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation in CD3 and CD28 activated CD8+ T cells. In contrast, inhibiting the cAMP pathway mediators protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response elementâbinding protein (CREB), suppressed Wntâ10b expression by T cells activated in the absence of CD28 coâstimulation. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a key role for Wntâ10b production by CD8+ T cells in the bone anabolic response to PDEâinhibitors and reveal competing T cellâindependent proâresorptive properties of PTX, which dominate under T cellâdeficient conditions. Selective targeting of CD8+ T cells by PDE inhibitors may be a beneficial approach for promoting bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Synthesis of ÎČâHalo-pyrrolidinones through a Tandem Sequence of 5âEndo Halolactamization and CâH Oxidative Functionalization
A tandem sequence of 5-<i>endo</i> halolactamization and direct CâH oxidative functionalization is described. A range of ÎČ-halo-pyrrolidinones can be efficiently synthesized using this method, making it an excellent approach for constructing natural products containing pyrrolidinones
Correction to Synthesis of ÎČâHalo-pyrrolidinones through a Tandem Sequence of 5âEndo Halolactamization and CâH Oxidative Functionalization
Correction to Synthesis of ÎČâHalo-pyrrolidinones
through a Tandem Sequence of 5âEndo Halolactamization and CâH
Oxidative Functionalizatio