Plan Estratégico de Marketing para la promoción de los valores culturales y tradicionales afro de la parroquia Santa Catalina de Salinas del cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura.

Realizar un Diagnóstico de la situación actual de los Valores Culturales y Tradiciones Afro en la parroquia Santa Catalina de Salinas, Cantón Ibarra Provincia de Imbabura, mediante el análisis FODA.Definir las raíces culturales del Ecuador, es tratar de encontrar la identidad de un pueblo. Por cierto esta responde a un proceso dinámico que se da a lo largo del tiempo y por influencia de diversos factores. Al igual que cualquier otra provincia que compone el país, la provincia de Imbabura posee importantes asentamientos culturales; he aquí el caso de uno de sus cantones como es Ibarra en el cual es evidente el asentamiento afro ecuatoriano existente en la parroquia Santa Catalina de Salinas que actualmente padece de pérdida de su riqueza cultural (tradiciones y costumbres). El presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado a contribuir al fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural Afro ecuatoriana a través del Plan Estratégico de Marketing para la promoción de los valores culturales y tradiciones afro de la parroquia Santa Catalina de Salinas. La cultura de los pueblos étnicos encierra un conjunto de rasgos distintivos consiste en (tradiciones, ceremonias, modos de vida, creencias y arte) que los caracteriza en un grupo social determinado. Para lo cual se ha planteado objetivos que ayudaran a desarrollar de manera eficaz el trabajo de investigación permitiendo cumplir con la propuesta planteada, el cual servirá como apoyo al fortalecimiento y un buen desarrollo cultural de esta parroquia

Análisis de la publicidad digital del gimnasio SMARTFIT en la red social Instagram durante marzo a setiembre del 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general analizar el desarrollo de la publicidad digital del gimnasio SMARTFIT en la red social Instagram durante marzo a septiembre de 2021. La metodología de investigación es de tipo básica con enfoque cualitativo. El diseño de investigación es hermenéutico. El desarrollo del análisis de la publicidad se basó mediante fichas de observación. Se concluye que el gimnasio SMARTFIT desarrolla una publicidad digital atractivamente visual y con gran acogida entre los usuarios mediante los balances de contenidos, modelo de comunicación e indicadores de elementos que favorecen la difusión del contenido por parte de los usuarios. Asimismo, mediante los comentarios positivos, negativos y neutros, ocasionan un vínculo cercano con los usuarios para saber que piensan y cómo reaccionan al ver los contenidos del gimnasio SMARTFIT mediante la red social Instagram

Induction of Apoptosis in Toxoplasma gondii Infected Hela Cells by Cisplatin and Sodium Azide and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies and Potential Use for Vaccination against Toxoplasma gondii

Background: Toxoplasma gondii can infect a wide range of mammalians, especially humans. It controls several intracellular signals for the inhibition of apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the apoptogenic effect of cisplatin and sodium azide on T. gondii infected HeLa cells and isolate apoptotic bodies (blebs) as a potent stimulator of the immune system. Methods: The cytotoxic properties of cisplatin and sodium azide (NaN3) on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Moreover, the apoptogenic activity of cisplatin and NaN3 was studied using flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI double staining) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, apoptotic bodies were separated by centrifugation. Results: MTT assay data showed that the survival rate of cells treated with different concentration of NaN3 was significantly reduced, compared to negative control groups. Concerning cisplatin, only concentration of 20 μM had not a significant impact on the cell viability; however, the other concentration of cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability, compared to negative control groups. The level of early apoptosis in uninfected HeLa cells was higher compared to infected HeLa cells treated with cisplatin and NaN3. Finally, apoptotic bodies were separated from T. gondii infected HeLa cells treated with cisplatin. Conclusion: Apoptosis was induced in both uninfected and infected HeLa cells with T. gondii and apoptotic bodies were isolated from infected cells. Therefore, further studies on apoptotic bodies are required in order to find a proper candidate for vaccine preparation against T. gondii infections

Nanofibrous Chitosan-Polyethylene Oxide Engineered Scaffolds: A Comparative Study between Simulated Structural Characteristics and Cells Viability

3D nanofibrous chitosan-polyethylene oxide (PEO) scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning at different processing parameters. The structural characteristics, such as pore size, overall porosity, pore interconnectivity, and scaffold percolative efficiency (SPE), were simulated by a robust image analysis. Mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were cultured in RPMI for 2 days in the presence of various samples of nanofibrous chitosan/PEO scaffolds. Cell attachments and corresponding mean viability were enhanced from 50% to 110% compared to that belonging to a control even at packed morphologies of scaffolds constituted from pores with nanoscale diameter. To elucidate the correlation between structural characteristics within the depth of the scaffolds’ profile and cell viability, a comparative analysis was proposed. This analysis revealed that larger fiber diameters and pore sizes can enhance cell viability. On the contrary, increasing the other structural elements such as overall porosity and interconnectivity due to a simultaneous reduction in fiber diameter and pore size through the electrospinning process can reduce the viability of cells. In addition, it was found that manipulation of the processing parameters in electrospinning can compensate for the effects of packed morphologies of nanofibrous scaffolds and can thus potentially improve the infiltration and viability of cells

Application of Epstein-Barr Virus for Optimization of Immortalized B-lymphocyte Production as a Positive Control in Genetic Studies.

BACKGROUND Infection of B-cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to more and subsequent immortalization. This is considered as the method of choice for generating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Producing LCLs, although very useful but is very time consuming and troublesome, drives the requirement for quicker and more reliable methods for EBV-driven B-cell transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS After successfully production of LCLs, different parameters including temperature, serum concentration, type of culture medium, and CO2 concentration were evaluated on EBV-transformed B-cells. In this study, we were able to produce LCLs and optimize condition. RESULTS The best condition for generating LCLs was 37°C, 5% CO2, 20% fasting blood sugar, and RPMI 1640. The study results were to establish a reliable method for producing LCLs that can be used to produce immortalized B-cells from almost any sources. CONCLUSION This can help with tumorgenecity studies, as well as producing control material for rare genetic disorders and so on. The aim of this study was to determine optimized condition for reliable and reproducible LCLs from different sources

Influence of the Amide Groups in the CO2/N2 Selectivity of a Series of Isoreticular, Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks

Here we report the use of a pillaring strategy for the design and synthesis of three novel amide-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), TMUs-22/-23/-24, isoreticular to the recently reported imine-functionalized TMU-6 and TMU-21 MOFs. An extensive study of their CO2 sorption properties and selectivity for CO2 over N2, from single gas sorption isotherms to breakthrough measurements, revealed that not only the incorporation of amide groups but also their accessibility is crucial to obtain enhanced CO2 sorption and CO2/N2 selectivity. Therefore, the MOF with more accessible amide groups (TMU-24) shows a CO2/N2 selectivity value of ca. 10 (as revealed by breakthrough experiments), which is ca. 500% and 700% of the selectivity values observed for the other amide-containing (TMU-22 and TMU-23) and imine-containing (TMU-6 and TMU-21) MOFs.This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (projects PN MAT2015-65354-C2-1-R and MAT2013-45008-P), the Catalan AGAUR (project 2014 SGR 80), and the ERC under the EU FP7 (ERC-Co 615954). I.I. and E.V.R.F. thank the MINECO for their RyC fellowships RYC-2010-06530 and RyC-2012-11427 and V.G. is grateful to the Generalitat de Catalunya for a Beatriu de Pinós Fellowship (2014 BP-B 00155). ICN2 acknowledges the support of the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program, under Grant SEV-2013-0295. E.V.R.F. and J.S.A. acknowledge the Generalitat Valenciana for PROMETEOII/2014/004. Support of this investigation by Tarbiat Modares University is gratefully acknowledged

The circadian rhythm: an influential soundtrack in the diabetes story

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been the main category of metabolic diseases in recent years due to changes in lifestyle and environmental conditions such as diet and physical activity. On the other hand, the circadian rhythm is one of the most significant biological pathways in humans and other mammals, which is affected by light, sleep, and human activity. However, this cycle is controlled via complicated cellular pathways with feedback loops. It is widely known that changes in the circadian rhythm can alter some metabolic pathways of body cells and could affect the treatment process, particularly for metabolic diseases like T2DM. The aim of this study is to explore the importance of the circadian rhythm in the occurrence of T2DM via reviewing the metabolic pathways involved, their relationship with the circadian rhythm from two perspectives, lifestyle and molecular pathways, and their effect on T2DM pathophysiology. These impacts have been demonstrated in a variety of studies and led to the development of approaches such as time-restricted feeding, chronotherapy (time-specific therapies), and circadian molecule stabilizers

Investigation of Astragalus honey and propolis extract′s cytotoxic effect on two human cancer cell lines and their oncogen and proapoptotic gene expression profiles

Background: Cancer is one of the major fatal human diseases. Natural products have been used in the treatment of cancer for long time. Bee products including honey and propolis have been introduced for malignancy treatment in recent decades. In this study cytotoxicity of bee products and their effects on the expression of proapoptotic genes have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic effects of Astragalus honey, ethanol extract of propolis and a sugar solution (as control) against HepG2, 5637 and L929 cell lines have been evaluated by the MTT assay. Total RNAs of treated cells were isolated and p53 and Bcl-2 gene expression were evaluated, using real-time PCR. Results: Propolis IC50 values were 58, 30 and 15 μg/ml against L929, HepG2 and 5637, respectively. These values for honey were 3.1%, 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Propolis extract has increased the expression of the Bcl-2 gene in all cell lines whereas the honey decreased that significantly (P < 0.05). Also, we found that honey and propolis decreased p53 gene expression in HepG2 and 5637 significantly but not in L929 cells. The sugar solution increased the expression of p53 in two cancer cell lines but no significant changes were observed in the expression of this gene in L929 as normal mouse cell. Conclusion: By downregulation of Bcl-2 expression it could be concluded that the cytotoxicity of honey was more than two fold against tested cancer cells compared with the sugar solution. No significant changes were observed in the expression of p53 in honey-treated cells. Propolis had no significant effect on Bcl-2 and p53 gene expressions (P > 0.05)

Circadian and Immunity Cycle Talk in Cancer Destination: From Biological Aspects to In Silico Analysis

Cancer is the leading cause of death and a major problem to increasing life expectancy worldwide. In recent years, various approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and the newest pillar, immunotherapy, have been developed to treat cancer. Among key factors impacting the effectiveness of treatment, the administration of drugs based on the circadian rhythm in a person and within individuals can significantly elevate drug efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and prevent drug resistance. Circadian clocks also affect various physiological processes such as the sleep cycle, body temperature cycle, digestive and cardiovascular processes, and endocrine and immune systems. In recent years, to achieve precision patterns for drug administration using computational methods, the interaction of the effects of drugs and their cellular pathways has been considered more seriously. Integrated data-derived pathological images and genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses have provided an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and dramatically revealed interactions between circadian and immunity cycles. Here, we describe crosstalk between the circadian cycle signaling pathway and immunity cycle in cancer and discuss how tumor microenvironment affects the influence on treatment process based on individuals’ genetic differences. Moreover, we highlight recent advances in computational modeling that pave the way for personalized immune chronotherapy

Cytotoxic evaluation of medicinal smoke \"Anbar Nasara\" against cancer cells (Hela & KB) and a normal cell line (L929), using MTT assay

Background: Medicinal smoke has been in natural health products by many nations all over the worlds. Dung's smoke called &quot;Anbar Nasara&quot; is one of the most used medicinal smokes in Iranian traditional medicine. Anber Nasara has been administered as inhalation in the treatment of viral or bacterial infections as well as for tumors and cysts in vaginal diseases in women. Its cytotoxic effects have been proposed in these studies. Materials and Methods: Dung's of female donkey have been collected from Shahreza, Isfahan province in summer 2011. The samples were burned in a specially designed apparatus and its smoke was collected in n-hexane solvent over ice-cold water. Solvent was evaporated in the air and dried residue was dissolved in DMSO and diluted in RPMI So that the final concentrations of 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.125, 0.1, 0.0625, 0.0312 mg/ml were obtained for MTT assay as a cytotoxic evaluation method against two cancer cells (KB and Hela) and a normal one (L929). After 48h incubation percent cell survival and IC50 values were obtained using ELISA plate reader at 540nm. Results: Results showed that dung's smoke were cytotoxic in tested concentrations against cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 was calculated &ge; 0.2 mg/ml. Conclusion: Dung's smoke consists of too many constituents and its cytotoxic effect may belong to one or complexes of constituents. More researches are under way to clarify these aspects of the study