B2 in the Ruin

There is a large need for additional housing in central Rome. This is due both to the large number of international students who come to Rome to study for part of the year, as well as the demand for housing from smaller families. With available housing already low, this causes continuous strain on the housing system and requires the need for additional housing. Our project offers a unique solution: to convert the existing San Giacomo hospital, abandoned and unoccupied since 2008, into affordable housing for students and small families

Nasab Anak yang Lahir di luar Nikah: Analisis Fatwa MPU Aceh Nomor 18 Tahun 2015 dan Keputusan MK Nomor 46/PUU/-VIII/2010

Status hukum anak luar nikah masih beragam. Mahkamah Konstitusi telah menetapkan adanya hubungan status keperdataan anak dengan ayah biologisnya. Sementara itu, MPU Aceh juga telah mengeluarkan fatwa yang sebaliknya dengan Putusan MK. Masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana status hukum anak luar nikah dilihat dari berbagai perspektif, bagaimana pertimbangan Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam keputusan Nomor 46/PUU/-VIII/2010 terkait dengan penentuan status keperdataan anak luar nikah dan bagaimana tinjauan fatwa MPU Aceh No 18 Tahun 2015 tentang nasab anak yang lahir diluar nikah (anak zina) terhadap putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang nasab anak yang lahir diluar nikah. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research) dan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis. Hasil analisa penulis menunjukkan bahwa dalam hukum Islam, nasab anak terputus dengan laki-laki pezina, begitu juga yang dimuat dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan. Adapun pertimbangan Hakim MK adalah dengan pertimbangan kemaslahatan dan perlindungan anak. Adapun tinjauan fatwa MPU Aceh terhadap putusan MK yaitu ada dua. Pertama, menetapkan terputusnya nasab anak pada laki-laki pezina yang sebelumnya MK tetap menetapkannya. Kedua, Mahkamah Konstitusi menganggap deskriminasi terkait dengan pemutusan hubungan perdata anak luar nikah dengan ayah biologis, sedangkan MPU Aceh meninjau bahwa pemutusan hubungan nasab dan keperdataan anak dengan laki-laki zina dan menisbatkannya kepada ibu dan keluarga ibu anak, sebagai bentuk perlindungan nasab, bukan sebagai bentuk deskriminasi

Assessment of Medication Use by Publics in Sulaimani Province

Drug uses is a multi-step process starting from consulting doctor, prescribing, ordering and using via individual either public or healthcare staff for therapeutic reasons. This process can be problematic for several reasons, especially in developing countries due to easily access to medications, self-diagnosis and people recommendation for certain cases. The aims of the present study were to assess the practice and attitude of medication uses and the knowledge about medication advantage and their risks by publics in Sulaymaniyah province. Then to build correlations between demographic characteristics and medication uses, in order to show the main impact of widely used medication on public health status. Finally, to provide community with statistical data about the level of knowledge, attitude and practice KAP in this region. The overall six hundred participant from the average of ten locations between governmental and privates hospitals and pharmacies as well as clinics were selected from central city and towns for data collection. The majority of participants were public from different background. The present study concluded that the 60 percentage of the participant were lack of adequate knowledge about the ability for differentiation between analgesic and antibiotic medications. The results of the current study showed inappropriate practices and attitudes that contribute to increasing health risks. It is also found that 72 percentage of participant who use prescription only drugs such as antibiotics can be possibly stopped after situation disappeared. This study also investigated several reasons for inappropriate practice, such as wrong believes with irregular consumption of medications, illiteracy, poor health services in terms of pharmacies and healthcare staff as well as easy access to most of the types of medications. Therefore, effort by governmental authorities is urgent toward reducing the risk of the situation, and negative consequences regarding inappropriate practice toward patient care in the region

Perception of insurance organization managers on the concept of real tariff of medical services in the health system: A qualitative study

Introduction: Setting tariffs is one of the most important tools of policy makers of the health system in every country for implementing their authority which is effective in justice, performance, and the quality of and accountability in offering services. Moreover, it can influence access rate and use of services. Changing medical tariffs affects the income of medical and hospital service providers, and the expenditure of financiers of medical and hospital services. This study investigated the concept of real tariff from the point of view of managers of insurance organizations. Method: This qualitative study was performed via in-depth interviews with 19 managers of health, social security, and armed forces insurance organizations who were informed of or their occupation was related to this field. Thematic analysis method was used for analyzing interviews. Results: Managers of insurance organizations expressed the concept of real tariff in two themes of definition of real tariff, and methods, elements, and principles of determining tariffs and subthemes of determination of tariffs based on collective agreement considering interests of involved groups, based on cost of services, and based on type and sensitivity. Conclusion: To amend the status of setting tariffs, characteristics of real tariff should be identified based on the concept of real tariff. Interests of involved groups (insured, service provider, and insurer) should be considered in determining tariffs. Tariffs should be determined based on collective agreement, the views of representatives of involved groups, and cost of services. Keywords: Real tariff, Insurance organizations, Managers, Medical services, Health syste

The efficacy of enhanced recovery protocol from anesthesia in diabetic patients undergoing radical cystectomy

Background: Prevalence of diabetes in surgical patients is 10–40%. They have higher incidence of complications, and longer stay in hospital compared to non-diabetic. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is considered one of the high-risk surgeries associated with morbidity and mortality. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based multimodal surgical care protocol that improves post-operative outcomes and length of stay (LOS) in patients without diabetes. This study evaluates the evidence on whether diabetic patientswould benefit from ERAS pathway.The aim of the study: was to evaluate the efficacy of ERAS protocol from anesthesia in diabetic patients undergoing radical cystectomy.Patients and methods: This study was carried out in Alexandria main University Hospital on fifty-four adult ASA physical status I, II and III participants of either sex. Participants were scheduled for radical cystectomy surgeries under the effect of general anesthesia, following ERAS protocol, divided into two group diabetic and non-diabetic27 participants each. The ICON device was used to measure the stroke volume variation (SVV) to apply goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) for all patients.Measurements: Demographic data, hemodynamic parameters (stoke volume, cardiac index), intra-operative fluid requirement, blood loss, postoperative pain intensity, time of first bowel movement, PH, Bicarbonate level, serum lactate level, heamatocrit and LOS were measured and recorded.Main results: No statistical significant difference was detected between both groups as regard age, sex, weight, vital signs, serum lactate, first bowel movement and VAS. There was statistical significant difference between both groups as regard fluid requirement, and the days of hospital stay.Conclusion: ERAS is a beneficial protocol to improve postoperative outcome in radical cystectomy surgeries, it can be used in diabetic patients to decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality

The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock\u3csup\u3e∆19/∆19\u3c/sup\u3e Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice

Shift work is associated with increased alcohol drinking, more so in males than females, and is thought to be a coping mechanism for disrupted sleep cycles. However, little is presently known about the causal influence of circadian rhythm disruptions on sex differences in alcohol consumption. In this study, we disrupted circadian rhythms in female and male mice using both environmental (i.e., shifting diurnal cycles) and genetic (i.e., Clock∆19/∆19 mutation) manipulations, and measured changes in alcohol consumption and preference using a two-bottle choice paradigm. Alcohol consumption and preference, as well as food and water consumption, total caloric intake, and weight were assessed in adult female and male Clock∆19/∆19 mutant mice or wild-type (WT) litter-mates, housed under a 12-hour:12-hour light:dark (L:D) cycle or a shortened 10-hour:10-hour L:D cycle. Female WT mice (under both light cycles) increased their alcohol consumption and preference over time, a pattern not observed in male WT mice. Compared to WT mice, Clock∆19/∆19 mice displayed increased alcohol consumption and preference. Sex differences were not apparent in Clock∆19/∆19 mice, with or without shifting diurnal cycles. In conclusion, sex differences in alcohol consumption patterns are evident and increase with prolonged access to alcohol. Disrupting circadian rhythms by mutating the Clock gene greatly increases alcohol consumption and abolishes sex differences present in WT animals

Tailoring seed oil composition in the real world: optimising omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in transgenic Camelina sativa

There is considerable interest in the de novo production of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), not least of all given the importance of these fatty acids in both aquaculture and human nutrition. Previously we have demonstrated the feasibility of using metabolic engineering in transgenic plants (Camelina sativa) to modify the seed oil composition to now include EPA and/or DHA. In this study, we further tailored the seed oil profile to reduce the omega-6 content, and evaluated the performance of such GM plants under field conditions (i.e. environmental releases), in terms of agronomic performance and also the lipidomic profile of seed oil. We used MALDI- mass spectrometry imaging to identify discrete tissue-types in the seed in which these non-native fatty acids preferentially accumulated. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the complexity of plant lipid metabolism and the challenges associated with predictive manipulation of these pathways. However, this study identified the likely dispensable nature of a Δ12-desturase activity in our omega-3 metabolic engineering rationales for Camelina

Impact of perceived risk and source credibility on intention to use of consumer generated contents for travel planning

In recent years, potential travellers still hesitate to adopt consumer-generated contents (CGC) websites as their main source of information for travel planning purposes. This study investigates the effects of source credibility on risk perceived by social media users to facilitate the use of CGC by potential travellers. Technology acceptance model is used and extended with perceived risk as the antecedent of perceived usefulness and ease of use. Further, two dimensions of source credibility theory namely trustworthiness and expertise are added to the model as determinants of perceived risk. Collected data from 211 Iranian online tourists were analysed using SmartPLS to understand the effect of perceived risk on tourists' behavioural intention to use CGC for future travel planning purposes. The findings of the study showed negative effect of source credibility on risk perceived by potential online tourists. The results has shed more lights on the effects of risk perceived by online tourists on their CGC adoption intention in the context of tourism. It can boost the general understanding of CGC adoption by online tourists for travel planning purposes

Development of Synbiotic Milk Chocolate Enriched with Lactobacillus paracasei, D-tagatose and Galactooligosaccharide

Background and Objective: Prebiotics are food ingredients that induce the growth or activity of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli). Galactooligosaccharide and tagatose are two main prebiotic compounds which are used in the food industry. Chocolate is widely consumed all over the world and could be used as an excellent vehicle for delivery of prebiotics. Furthermore, the incorporation of probiotics into chocolate, allows broadening the health claims of chocolate. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of tagatose and galactooligosaccharide on the physicochemical and sensory properties of milk chocolate and the survivability of Lactobacillus paracasei in the optimized formulation. Material and Methods: Probiotic milk chocolate containing Lactobacillus paracasei were formulated by replacing a portion of the sucrose with the galactooligosaccharide powder and tagatose. For this purpose various concentrations of galactooligosaccharide and tagatose (2.5, 5 and 7.5% w w-1) along with stevia were used in chocolate formulation. Nine formulations were examined to determine some physicochemical, mechanical and sensory properties in order to find the optimum concentrations of these components. The lyophilized Lactobacillus paracasei were incorporated in the optimal formulation of prebiotic milk chocolate. The viability of probiotic bacteria in milk chocolate was carried out during storage at 22°C for up to 6 months.Results and Conclusion: In general, chocolate formulations with high levels of galactooligosaccharide, achieved the highest plastic viscosity and yield stress. The lowest viscosity and yield stress were observed for the samples containing high concentrations of tagatose and in control. In addition, galactooligosaccharide at higher ratios induced the least desirable sensorial effects, whereas tagatose improved the overall acceptability. It can be concluded that the overall acceptability of milk chocolate samples were with (7.5), tagatose: galactooligosaccharide ratios of 2.5%-2.5%, presenting the optimal applicable range as prebiotic compounds. Numbers of live Lactobacillus paracasei cells remained above 8.0 log CFU g-1 until 6 months under ambient conditions. Milk chocolate was shown to be an excellent vehicle for the delivery of Lactobacillus paracasei, and the prebiotic ingredients galactooligosaccharide and tagatose did not interfere in its viability. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest