Utilization of dried bakery product by finishing beef steers

One hundred forty-four medium-framed crossbred steers averaging 857 lb were used to evaluate steer performance and determine net energy (NE) values of finishing diets that included dried bakery product (DBP). DBP replaced corn in the control diet at 15 or 30% of dietary DM. DM intake was depressed 6.5% by inclusion of 30% DBP. No differences in daily gain (P>.3) or feed efficiency (P>.9) were observed by replacing corn with DBP. Dietary values of NEm and NEg, calculated from animal performance, were not affected (P>.7) by the inclusion of DBP. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) (P<.05) and 12th rib fat thickness (P<.1) were increased linearly with inclusion of DBP, whereas other carcass characteristics were unaffected. These data indicate the DBP (10% rice hulls included) has an energy value similar to that of corn grain, although the optimal inclusion level of DBP appears to be below 30% of dietary DM

Optimal urea level in corn-based finishing diets containing alfalfa as the roughage source

One hundred medium-growth potential, crossbred yearling steers (766 lb) were used to identify the optimal level of urea in finishing diets, based on growth and carcass traits. The corn-base d diets had no urea o r contained .35, .70, 1.05, or 1.40% urea (dry matter basis) and no other supplemental protein. Alfalfa hay (10% of DM) was the roughage source and contained 16% crude protein. Feed efficiency and gain were improved by .35% urea, with little improvement from higher additions. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal level of urea for gain and feed efficiency was .5% of dietary dry matter. Hot carcass weight and dressing percentage responded quadratically, being highest for steers receiving .7 and 1.05% urea. Fat thickness and yield grade responded cubically to the addition of urea; these traits were also highest for steers receiving .7 and 1.05% urea. Loineye area decreased linearly with increased urea in the diet. Marbling scores and KPH fat were unaffected by urea addition. The increased growth, carcass weight, and finish, with no improvements in loineye area, indicate that urea enhance d diet digestibility but did not increase metabolizable protein supply. Optimal urea levels (.5%) were less than those previously indicate d for diets containing prairie hay as the roughage source (.9%), suggesting that alfalfa may supply a portion of the rumen degradable nitrogen requirement when utilized as a source of roughage in high grain diets

Implant strategies for finishing calves

Two hundred-sixteen Angus and Angus-cross steer calves (690 lb) were used in a 129- day finishing study to evaluate different implant strategies, including an experimental new implant for feedlot cattle that contains 28 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (EBTBA). Treatments were 1) nonimplanted control, 2) implanted and reimplanted with Synovex-Sfi, 3) single initial implant with EBTBA, 4) single initial implant with Revalor-Sfi, 5) implanted with Synovex-S and reimplanted with EBTBA, and 6) implanted and reimplanted with EBTBA. Initial implants and reimplants were administered on day 0 and 63, respectively. All implant treatments increased feed intake, slaughter and carcass weights, and rate and efficiency of gain. Compared with other implant treatments, the use of EBTBA as a reimplant treatment (trts 5 and 6) resulted in improved (P<.08) rate and efficiency of gain and heavier carcass weights (P<.07). However, only 58.3% of cattle in trts 5 and 6 graded Choice vs. 86.1% for controls and 80.6% for steers implanted twice with Synovex-S (P<.07). Carcasses were more masculine (P<.07) for steers in trts 5 and 6 than for nonimplanted controls, steers implanted with Revalor-S, and steers implanted twice with Synovex-S. Performance of steers implanted once with EBTBA did not differ from that of steers implanted once with Revalor-S or twice with Synovex-S, but carcasses were more masculine (P<.07) for EBTBA vs. Revalor-S steers. Implant treatment did not affect meat tenderness, as measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force determinations. Single EBTBA or Revalor-S implants resulted in performance and carcass traits similar to those resulting from implanting twice with Synovex-S

Supplemental chromium and revaccination effects on performance and health of newly weaned calves

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) supplementation (4 mg/hd/day in a yeast form) or no supplementation, with or without revaccination with a modified live viral vaccine at 9 days postweaning o n performance, health, and ability to withstand an IBR challenge infection. In Trial 1, Cr supplementation had no effect on performance of newly weaned calves in a 28-day receiving study, but reduced the incidence of respiratory disease by 37%. Revaccinati on depressed dry matter intake and had no effect on animal health. In trial 2, blood plasma levels of cortisol and ACTH (stress hormones ) were measured at 6 and 26 days postweaning. Cortisol levels were unaffected by treatment or by time after weaning. Plasma ACTH conc e ntrations were lower at 26 vs 6 days postweaning, and were reduced at 26 days by revaccination. Despite some slight differences in rectal temperature, treatment did not appear to affect the animals\u27 ability to withstand a live IBR challenge. We concluded that supplemental Cr was beneficial in reducing the incidence of bovine respiratory disease, although mediation of stress hormones was not involved. Revaccination of newly weaned calves with a modified live viral vaccine showed no performance or health benefit

Looking for magnetic monopoles at LHC with diphoton events

Magnetic monopoles have been a subject of interest since Dirac established the relation between the existence of monopoles and charge quantization. The intense experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. The Large Hadron Collider is reaching energies never achieved before allowing the search for exotic particles in the TeV mass range. In a continuing effort to discover these rare particles we propose here other ways to detect them. We study the observability of monopoles and monopolium, a monopole-antimonopole bound state, at the Large Hadron Collider in the $\gamma \gamma$ channel for monopole masses in the range 500-1000 GeV. We conclude that LHC is an ideal machine to discover monopoles with masses below 1 TeV at present running energies and with 5 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.Comment: This manuscript contains information appeared in Looking for magnetic monopoles at LHC, arXiv:1104.0218 [hep-ph] and Monopolium detection at the LHC.,arXiv:1107.3684 [hep-ph] by the same authors, rewritten for joint publication in The European Physica Journal Plus. 26 pages, 22 figure

Monopolium production from photon fusion at the Large Hadron Collider

Magnetic monopoles have attracted the attention of physicists since the founding of the electromagnetic theory. Their search has been a constant endeavor which was intensified when Dirac established the relation between the existence of monopoles and charge quantization. However, these searches have been unsuccessful. We have recently proposed that monopolium, a monopole-antimonopole bound state, so strongly bound that it has a relatively small mass, could be easier to find and become an indirect but clear signature for the existence of magnetic monopoles. In here we extend our previous analysis for its production to two photon fusion at LHC energies

Monopolium: the key to monopoles

Dirac showed that the existence of one magnetic pole in the universe could offer an explanation for the discrete nature of the electric charge. Magnetic poles appear naturally in most Grand Unified Theories. Their discovery would be of greatest importance for particle physics and cosmology. The intense experimental search carried thus far has not met with success. Moreover, if the monopoles are very massive their production is outside the range of present day facilities. A way out of this impasse would be if the monopoles bind to form monopolium, a monopole- antimonopole bound state, which is so strongly bound, that it has a relatively small mass. Under these circumstances it could be produced with present day facilities and the existence of monopoles could be indirectly proven. We study the feasibility of detecting monopolium in present and future accelerators