Rehabilitación protésica mediante prótesis fija unitaria ferulizada en paciente con enanismo radicular, reporte de caso

Background: Short root anomaly (SRA) is a condition in which it is observed a normal-size crown with a small or short root, mainly in the maxillary incisors. Its etiology is varied, meaning it can be a genetic origin, trauma, a developmental disorder, or orthodontic movements. There is still no specific treatment for SRA, therefore, this case aims to demonstrate rehabilitation in teeth affected with SRA. Clinical presentation: 57-year-old patient, female. Consults for grayish upper front teeth and maxillary prosthesis in poor condition. Partially edentulous maxilla and mandible with occlusal instability. Stage III Grade B, generalized periodontitis. Grade II mobility in 1.1, 2.1; multiple restorations present. SRA in central incisors and maxillary and mandibular premolars. Pulp necrosis in both teeth 1.1 and 2.1. Necropulpectomy was conducted on both teeth, followed by individualization and cementation of fiberglass posts (PFV) and zirconia-based fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) with medial splinting.Clinical relevance: SRA is an infrequent pathology, more prevalent in the female gender, generally asymptomatic, and it is usually a radiographic finding.  It has been established that the use of PFV conserves dental tissue, preserves teeth aesthetics and biomechanical behavior, and its elastic modulus is similar to the dentin's, avoiding excessive forces to the biological remnant. Within ceramics, zirconia has better mechanical resistance, supporting occlusal stability and providing necessary aesthetics in the anterior-superior sector. The purpose of splinting is to compensate for the presence of short abutments with poor retention, dissipate occlusal forces, and neutralize abutment tooth mobility. Conclusion: Faced with patients with SRA, the treatment preparation and study should be multidimensional to benefit from the best available approach. Periodontal stability and an adequate occlusal adjustment in conjunction with splinting will provide mechanical stabilization, improving the prognosis and survival of the rehabilitation.Antecedentes: El enanismo radicular (ER) es una condición de corona de tamaño normal, con una raíz, diminuta o corta, principalmente en incisivos del maxilar. Etiología variada, pues puede ser origen genético, trauma, afección en el desarrollo o tratamientos de ortodoncia. No existe tratamiento específico para ER, por lo que el objetivo es demostrar la rehabilitación en dientes afectados con ER. Presentación Clínica: Paciente femenino de 57 años. Dientes anterosuperiores grisáceos y prótesis maxilar en mal estado.  Parcialmente desdentada, inestabilidad oclusal. Periodontitis generalizada Etapa III Grado B. Movilidad grado II en dientes 1.1, 2.1; múltiples restauraciones. ER en incisivos centrales, premolares maxilares y mandibulares. Necrosis pulpar diente 1.1y 2.1. Se realiza necropulpectomía de dientes 1.1, 2.1, individualización y cementación de postes de fibra de vidrio (PFV), confección de prótesis fija unitaria (PFU) de zirconio con ferulización medial de ambas PFUs. Relevancia Clínica: ER  es  una  patología  infrecuente,  más  prevalente  en  el  género  femenino, generalmente asintomático y de hallazgo radiográfico. El uso de PFV preserva tejido dentario, estética y comportamiento biomecánico, su módulo de elasticidad es similar a la dentina evitando fuerzas excesivas al remanente biológico.  Dentro de las cerámicas el zirconio presenta mejor resistencia mecánica, soportando la inestabilidad oclusal y otorgando estética necesaria. El objetivo de la ferulización es compensar la presencia de pilares cortos con poca retención, disipar fuerzas oclusales y neutralizar movilidad de dientes pilares. Conclusión: Frente a pacientes con ER, la planificación y estudio deben ser multidimensional en beneficio del mejor tratamiento. Estabilidad periodontal y un ajuste oclusal adecuado en conjunto  con  la  férula,  otorgarán  estabilización  mecánica,  mejorando  el  pronóstico  y sobrevida de la rehabilitación

Terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en el manejo de osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonatos: revisión bibliográfica

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients treated with bisphosphonates suffering from osteonecrosis. Material and Methods: A search was carried out in Medline metasearch engines, Cochrane Library, and Embase using the Mesh terms " Hyperbaric Oxygenation " AND "Biphosphonates" OR "Osteonecrosis". Inclusion criteria were studies performed in humans, in English, and with a maximum of 5 years of antiquity. Animal studies were excluded. Results:  Of a total of 21 articles, 12 were included, of which 7 were systematic reviews, 4 literature reviews, and 1 case report. A beneficial effect of the use of HOT as a complementary treatment to the management of osteonecrosis was mostly observed in patients with bisphosphonate treatment. Conclusion:  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis showed promising results by counteracting the effects of osteonecrosis, being a complementary measure to other conventional treatments. However, better and more evidence is needed to support these results.Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar los beneficios del uso de terapia de oxigeno hiperbárico en pacientes tratados con bifosfonatos que padezcan de osteonecrosis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda utilizando los términos Mesh “Hyperbaric Oxygenation” AND “Biphosphonates” OR “Osteonecrosis” en metabuscadores Medline, Cochrane Library y Embase. Se incluyeron estudios en humanos, inglés y con máximo de 5 años de antigüedad. Se excluyeron estudios en animales. Resultados: De un total de 21 artículos, se incluyeron 12 que aportan al objetivo, de ellos 7 fueron revisiones sistemáticas, 4 revisiones de la literatura y 1 reporte de caso. Se observó en su mayoría, un efecto beneficioso del uso de OH como tratamiento complementario al manejo de osteonecrosis en pacientes con tratamiento de bifosfonatos. Conclusión: La terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en el manejo de osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonatos mostró resultados prometedores al contrarrestar los efectos de la osteonecrosis, siendo una medida complementaria a otros tratamientos convencionales. Sin embargo, se necesita una mejor y mayor evidencia para respaldar estos resultados

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming

1. Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role. 2. To assess whether crop residue (leaf and root) traits determined SOC sequestration responses to OF, we coupled a global meta-analysis with field measurements across a European-wide network of sites. In the meta-analysis, we related crop species averages of leaf N, leaf-dry matter content, fine-root C and N, with SOC stocks and sequestration responses in OF vs. CF. Across six European sites, we measured the management-induced changes in SOC stocks and leaf litter traits after long-term ecological intensive (e.g. OF) vs. CF comparisons. 3. Our global meta-analysis showed that the positive OF-effects on soil respiration, SOC stocks, and SOC sequestration rates were significant even in organic farms with low manure application rates. Although fertilization intensity was the main driver of OF-effects on SOC, leaf and root N concentrations also played a significant role. Across the six European sites, changes towards higher leaf litter N in CF also promoted lower SOC stocks. 4. Our results highlight that crop species displaying traits indicative of resource-acquisitive strategies (e.g. high leaf and root N) increase the difference in SOC between OF and CF. Indeed, changes towards higher crop residue decomposability was related with decreased SOC stocks under CF across European sites. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study emphasizes that, with management, changes in crop residue traits contribute to the positive effects of organic farming (OF) on soil carbon sequestration. These results provide a clear message to land managers: the choice of crop species, and more importantly their functional traits (e.g. leave and root nitrogen), should be considered in addition to management practices and climate, when evaluating the potential of OF for climate change mitigation

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

10.1111/gcb.14904GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY261119-18

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s= \sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

The inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4$\,\text{pb}^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_{\mathrm{T}}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R=$ 0.4, within the rapidity interval $|y| <$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$.The inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$