Analysis of microvascularization and immunohistochemicalcharacteristics of ganglion and ectopic ganglion cells of trigeminal nerve

Posebne mikromorfološke karakteristike vaskularizacije trigeminalnog nerva i gangliona i bliski neurovaskularni odnosi sa okolnim sudovima, kao i njihov mogući klinički značaj bili su prvi razlozi ove studije. Drugi cilj studije bio je da se prouče morfološke i imunohistohemijske karakteristike ektopičnih i ganglijskih neurona u trigeminalnom nervu i ganglionu. Krvni sudovi 25 trigeminalnih nerava odraslih osoba, posle injiciranja mešavine tuša i želatina u arterijski sistem, mikrodisekovani su i proučavani pod stereomikroskopom. Četrdeset humanih trigeminalnih nerava i gangliona poreklom od 20 osoba, dobijenih rutinskom obdukcijom, proučavani su posle histološkog bojenja metodom Klüver-Barrera, trihromnih bojenja Azan i Masson tehnikom i imunohistohemijskih reakcija na neke od neuronskih markera, neuropeptida i neurotransmitera. Trigeminalne grančice namenjene nervu, od dve do pet, polazile su od dve ili tri od sledećih arterija: superolateralna pontinska (92%), a. cerebelli inferior anterior (ACIA) (88%), inferolateralna pontinska (72%) i a. cerebelli superior (ACS) (12%). Trigeminalne arterijice su bile prosečnog prečnika od 0,220 mm. Jedan sud je vaskularizovao bilo motorni deo trigeminalnog stabla, ili senzorni deo ili oba. Trigeminalni sudovi su formirali proksimalni i distalni arterijski prsten oko nerva. Proksimalni prsten se nalazio u nivou spoja korenog dela nerva i ponsa. Njegove centralne grane su pratile trigeminalni nerv na putu ka glavnom senzornom i motornom jedru, dok su periferne longitudinalne grančice pratile snopove nerva ka ganglionu. Distalni arterijski prsten, često nekompletan, obuhvatao je središnji deo nerva, neposredno pre njegovog ulaska u arahnoidni omotač. Najčešće uočen neurovaskularni kontakt trigeminalnog nerva bio je sa ACS (20%), sa petroznom ili Dendijevom venom (24%) i sa ACIA (12%). Inferolateralno stablo i meningohipofizialno stablo, koja polaze od unutrašnje karotidne arterije, kao i grane srednje moždanične arterije su bili glavni sudovi koji su vaskularizovali trigeminalni ganglion. Trigeminalne arterijice koje su od njih polazile su bile prosečnog prečnika od 0,220 mm...Specific micromorphological characteristics of the trigeminal nerve and ganglion blood supply and close neurovascular relationships with surrounding vessels, as well as their possible clinical significance were the first reasons for this study. The second aim of this study was to examine the morphology and the immunohistochemical features of displaced and ganglion cells in the trigeminal nerve and ganglion. The vasculature of 25 adult trigeminal nerves and ganglions were microdissected and examined under the stereoscopic microscope, after injecting their arteries with a mixture of India ink and gelatin. Forty human trigeminal nerves and ganglions of twenty persons, obtained during routine autopsy, were examined following Klüver-Barrera, Azan and Masson trichrome histological stainings, and immunohistochemical reactions against certain neuronal markers, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. The trigeminal nerve vessels, which varied between two and five in number, arose from two or three of the following arteries: the superolateral pontine (92%), anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA) (88%), inferolateral pontine (72%), and superior cerebellar (SCA) (12%). The trigeminal vascular twigs had a mean diameter of 0.220 mm. A single vessel may supply either the motor portion of the nerve root, or the sensory portion or both. The trigeminal vasculature formed the proximal and distal rings. The proximal ring was located at the trigeminal root entry zone. Its central branches extended along the trigeminal nerve to the principal sensory and motor trigeminal nuclei while its peripheral longitudinal twigs followed the trigeminal nerve fascicles. The incomplete distal arterial ring embraced the middle portion of the trigeminal nerve before the level of its entrance into the arachnoid sleeve. The most frequent contact of the trigeminal nerve was noticed with the SCA (20%), the petrosal or Dandy’s vein (24%), and the AICA (12%). The inferolateral trunk, the meningohypophyseal trunk, branches of the internal carotid artery, and the middle meningeal artery were the main vessels supplying the trigeminal ganglion..

Impact of a failure zone above the underground roadway on rockbolting structure loading

Research in this article presents development of model of strata interaction with roof support installed in bauxite. The main task of this research is modelling of rock degradation over the surface of underground roadway and its impact on the loading of rockbolts. Results of such analysis can be used for planning appropriate measures for the prevention of rock degradation or installation of additional support. The numerical model is based on the finite element method, using Phase2 software

Impact of a failure zone above the underground roadway on rockbolting structure loading

Research in this article presents development of model of strata interaction with roof support installed in bauxite. The main task of this research is modelling of rock degradation over the surface of underground roadway and its impact on the loading of rockbolts. Results of such analysis can be used for planning appropriate measures for the prevention of rock degradation or installation of additional support. The numerical model is based on the finite element method, using Phase2 software

Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study

Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 foetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from 2 or 3 of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%). In total, the mean diameter of the trigeminal branches was 0.222 mm. The trigeminal branch of the ILT supplied medial and middle parts of the TG, the branch of the MHT supplied the medial part of the TG, and the branch of the MMA supplied the lateral part of the TG. Additional arteries for the TG emerged from the dural vascular plexus and the vascular network of the plexal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Uniform and specific intraganglionicdense capillary network was observed for each sensory trigeminal neuron. Conclusions: The reported features of the TG vasculature could be implied in a safer setting for surgical approach to the skull base, in relation to the surrounding structures. The morphometric data on TG vasculature provide anatomical basis for better understanding the complex TG blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries

Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study

Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 foetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from 2 or 3 of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%). In total, the mean diameter of the trigeminal branches was 0.222 mm. The trigeminal branch of the ILT supplied medial and middle parts of the TG, the branch of the MHT supplied the medial part of the TG, and the branch of the MMA supplied the lateral part of the TG. Additional arteries for the TG emerged from the dural vascular plexus and the vascular network of the plexal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Uniform and specific intraganglionic dense capillary network was observed for each sensory trigeminal neuron. Conclusions: The reported features of the TG vasculature could be implied in a safer setting for surgical approach to the skull base, in relation to the surrounding structures. The morphometric data on TG vasculature provide anatomical basis for better understanding the complex TG blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries

Vascular anatomy of the thenar eminence: its relevance to a pedicled or free thenar flap

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the arterial supply of the skin covering the prominent part of the thenar eminence in order to describe the possibility and potential for harvesting a pedicled or a free flap from the thenar eminence. Materials and methods: The arteries were studied in 30 post-mortem specimens of human hands; 3 previously perfused with 4% formaldehyde solution, and injected with black India ink, and 27 injected with methyl-methacrylate and afterwards corroded in 40% potassium hydroxide solution. Results: In all hands we found two little palmar arteries coming from the anatomical snuff-box portion of the radial artery. We labelled the first (proximal) branch as the middle thenar artery, because it supplies the middle third of the thenar eminence skin. Its diameter varied from 0.25 to 0.55 mm (mean 0.4 mm). The distal, more prominent branch of the radial artery, vascularised the lateral third of the thenar eminence skin, and was named the lateral thenar artery; its diameter ranged from 0.40 to 0.90 mm (mean 0.67 mm). The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery, always present, was classified as: hypoplastic, average or prominent, with a diameter ranging from 0.8 to 2.7 mm (mean 1.47 mm). Conclusions: Three individually developed branches of the radial artery supplied the skin of the thenar eminence. Cutaneous branches of these three arteries were interconnected via anastomotic vessels

A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the mostpressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenontime-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the availableparameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), whilefeaturing extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates.These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decayand through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-baseddetector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantlyadvance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, andcosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.<br

Variation in postoperative outcomes of patients with intracranial tumors: insights from a prospective international cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: This study assessed the international variation in surgical neuro-oncology practice and 30-day outcomes of patients who had surgery for an intracranial tumor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We prospectively included adults aged ≥18 years who underwent surgery for a malignant or benign intracranial tumor across 55 international hospitals from 26 countries. Each participating hospital recorded cases for 3 consecutive months from the start of the pandemic. We categorized patients’ location by World Bank income groups (high [HIC], upper-middle [UMIC], and low- and lower-middle [LLMIC]). Main outcomes were a change from routine management, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 30-day mortality. We used a Bayesian multilevel logistic regression stratified by hospitals and adjusted for key confounders to estimate the association between income groups and mortality. Results: Among 1016 patients, the number of patients in each income group was 765 (75.3%) in HIC, 142 (14.0%) in UMIC, and 109 (10.7%) in LLMIC. The management of 200 (19.8%) patients changed from usual care, most commonly delayed surgery. Within 30 days after surgery, 14 (1.4%) patients had a COVID-19 diagnosis and 39 (3.8%) patients died. In the multivariable model, LLMIC was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 2.83, 95% credible interval 1.37–5.74) compared to HIC. Conclusions: The first wave of the pandemic had a significant impact on surgical decision-making. While the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 30 days after surgery was low, there was a disparity in mortality between countries and this warrants further examination to identify any modifiable factors

Badanie związku między niezawodnością podwozia gąsienicowego a zawartością pyłów mineralnych w skałach kopalni odkrywkowych węgla brunatnego

This paper describes a mathematical relation which is developed to estimate the occurrence of track mechanism failure in function on the mineral dust (SiO2) content, i.e. wear intensity. This relation is based on actual data of track-type machine (bulldozers) failures, the properties of rocks and measurements of wear intensity on the upper rollers of track mechanism. Failures of bulldozers were recorded during the period of 12 months on six open pits in Serbia, together with their location which is correlated rock type and SiO2 content. This enabled establishment of the reliability indicators using two-parameter Weibull distribution. Further on, correlation is interpreted based on the linearization model using the method of least square. This research has impact on proper management of track-type machines operating on lignite open pits, in the sense of predicting time to failures and cost of maintenance of these machines. This approach provided guidelines for the establishment of reliability centered maintenance model.Artykuł opisuje relację matematyczną, która pozwala oszacować czas do wystąpienia uszkodzenia podwozia gąsienicowego w funkcji zawartości pyłu mineralnego (SiO2), czyli intensywności zużycia. Relacja ta została oparta na rzeczywistych danych o uszkodzeniach maszyn gąsienicowych (spycharek) i właściwościach skał oraz na pomiarach intensywności zużycia rolek podtrzymujących (górnych) podwozia gąsienicowego. Uszkodzenia koparek rejestrowano przez okres 12 miesięcy w sześciu kopalniach odkrywkowych w Serbii. Obserwacje prowadzono w kopalniach o lokalizacji podobnej pod względem występujących typów skał i zawartości SiO2. Pozwoliło to na wyznaczenie wskaźników niezawodności przy pomocy dwuparametrycznego rozkładu Weibulla. Omawianą korelację interpretowano na podstawie modelu liniowego z zastosowaniem metody najmniejszych kwadratów. Przedstawione badania mają znaczenie dla właściwego zarządzania maszynami gąsienicowymi pracującymi w kopalniach odkrywkowych węgla brunatnego, jako że pozwalają na przewidywanie czasu do uszkodzenia oraz kosztów utrzymania tych maszyn. Prezentowana metoda zawiera wytyczne do opracowania niezawodnościowego modelu utrzymania ruchu

Analysis of microvascularization and immunohistochemicalcharacteristics of ganglion and ectopic ganglion cells of trigeminal nerve

Posebne mikromorfološke karakteristike vaskularizacije trigeminalnog nerva i gangliona i bliski neurovaskularni odnosi sa okolnim sudovima, kao i njihov mogući klinički značaj bili su prvi razlozi ove studije. Drugi cilj studije bio je da se prouče morfološke i imunohistohemijske karakteristike ektopičnih i ganglijskih neurona u trigeminalnom nervu i ganglionu. Krvni sudovi 25 trigeminalnih nerava odraslih osoba, posle injiciranja mešavine tuša i želatina u arterijski sistem, mikrodisekovani su i proučavani pod stereomikroskopom. Četrdeset humanih trigeminalnih nerava i gangliona poreklom od 20 osoba, dobijenih rutinskom obdukcijom, proučavani su posle histološkog bojenja metodom Klüver-Barrera, trihromnih bojenja Azan i Masson tehnikom i imunohistohemijskih reakcija na neke od neuronskih markera, neuropeptida i neurotransmitera. Trigeminalne grančice namenjene nervu, od dve do pet, polazile su od dve ili tri od sledećih arterija: superolateralna pontinska (92%), a. cerebelli inferior anterior (ACIA) (88%), inferolateralna pontinska (72%) i a. cerebelli superior (ACS) (12%). Trigeminalne arterijice su bile prosečnog prečnika od 0,220 mm. Jedan sud je vaskularizovao bilo motorni deo trigeminalnog stabla, ili senzorni deo ili oba. Trigeminalni sudovi su formirali proksimalni i distalni arterijski prsten oko nerva. Proksimalni prsten se nalazio u nivou spoja korenog dela nerva i ponsa. Njegove centralne grane su pratile trigeminalni nerv na putu ka glavnom senzornom i motornom jedru, dok su periferne longitudinalne grančice pratile snopove nerva ka ganglionu. Distalni arterijski prsten, često nekompletan, obuhvatao je središnji deo nerva, neposredno pre njegovog ulaska u arahnoidni omotač. Najčešće uočen neurovaskularni kontakt trigeminalnog nerva bio je sa ACS (20%), sa petroznom ili Dendijevom venom (24%) i sa ACIA (12%). Inferolateralno stablo i meningohipofizialno stablo, koja polaze od unutrašnje karotidne arterije, kao i grane srednje moždanične arterije su bili glavni sudovi koji su vaskularizovali trigeminalni ganglion. Trigeminalne arterijice koje su od njih polazile su bile prosečnog prečnika od 0,220 mm...Specific micromorphological characteristics of the trigeminal nerve and ganglion blood supply and close neurovascular relationships with surrounding vessels, as well as their possible clinical significance were the first reasons for this study. The second aim of this study was to examine the morphology and the immunohistochemical features of displaced and ganglion cells in the trigeminal nerve and ganglion. The vasculature of 25 adult trigeminal nerves and ganglions were microdissected and examined under the stereoscopic microscope, after injecting their arteries with a mixture of India ink and gelatin. Forty human trigeminal nerves and ganglions of twenty persons, obtained during routine autopsy, were examined following Klüver-Barrera, Azan and Masson trichrome histological stainings, and immunohistochemical reactions against certain neuronal markers, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. The trigeminal nerve vessels, which varied between two and five in number, arose from two or three of the following arteries: the superolateral pontine (92%), anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA) (88%), inferolateral pontine (72%), and superior cerebellar (SCA) (12%). The trigeminal vascular twigs had a mean diameter of 0.220 mm. A single vessel may supply either the motor portion of the nerve root, or the sensory portion or both. The trigeminal vasculature formed the proximal and distal rings. The proximal ring was located at the trigeminal root entry zone. Its central branches extended along the trigeminal nerve to the principal sensory and motor trigeminal nuclei while its peripheral longitudinal twigs followed the trigeminal nerve fascicles. The incomplete distal arterial ring embraced the middle portion of the trigeminal nerve before the level of its entrance into the arachnoid sleeve. The most frequent contact of the trigeminal nerve was noticed with the SCA (20%), the petrosal or Dandy’s vein (24%), and the AICA (12%). The inferolateral trunk, the meningohypophyseal trunk, branches of the internal carotid artery, and the middle meningeal artery were the main vessels supplying the trigeminal ganglion..