Hemijski sastav kukuruza i soje kao združenih useva u postrnoj setvi

In this study, the chemical composition of mixed crops of corn and soybeans in double cropping was investigated. Mixtures have uniform chemical composition in relation to the pure corn and soybeancrops. Mixtures of corn and soybean have resulted in higher content of protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium compared to the pure corncrop. The quantity of nutrients in corn and soybean mixturemakes it a good forage for nutritionof ruminants.U ovim istraživanjima ispitivan je hemijski sastav kukuruza i soje i njihovih smeša u postrnoj setvi. Smeše imaju ujednačeniji hemijski sastav u odnosu na čist usev kukuruza i soje. Smeše kukuruza i soje su imale veći sadržaj proteina, masti, fosfora, kalcijima i magnezijuma u odnosu na čist usev kukuruza. Količine hranljivih materija u smešama kukuruza i soje predstavljaju dobru voluminoznu hranu za ishranu preživara

Uticaj godine i primene molibdena na klijavost i krupnoću semena lucerke

The aim of these researhes was to examine the impact of year and foliar application of molybdenum on germination capacity and absolute mass of alfalfa seed. In the investigation year, meteorological factors showed large variations and great impact on germination capacity and size of seed. Observed by years, absolute mass ranged from 1.82 g to 2.02 g. Germination ranged from 72.85% to 86.5%. Germination and 1000 seed weight were the worst in the year when high total precipitation and precipitation in the period of flowering, pollination and seed filling were observed (June, July, August). Foliar application of molybdenum showed no effect on size of alfalfa seed and germination.Ispitivan je uticaj godine i folijarne primene molibdena na klijavost i apsolutnu masu semena lucerke. U ispitivanim godinama meteorološki faktori su pokazali veliko variranje i veliki uticaj na klijavost krupnoću semena. Posmatrano po godinama, apsolutna masa se kretala u intervalu od 1,82 g do 2,02 g. Klijavost se kretala u intervalu od 72.85% do 86.5%. Klijavost i masa 1.000 semena su najlošiji u godini kada su zabeležene velike ukupne količine padavina i količine padavina u periodu cvetanja, oprašivanja i nalivanja semena (jun, jul, avgust). Folijarna primena molibdena nije pokazala značajan uticaj na krupnoću i klijavost semena lucerk

Induced neural progenitor cells and iPS-neurons from major depressive disorder patients show altered bioenergetics and electrophysiological properties

The molecular pathomechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not completely understood. Here, we follow the hypothesis, that mitochondria dysfunction which is inevitably associated with bioenergetic disbalance is a risk factor that contributes to the susceptibility of an individual to develop MDD. Thus, we investigated molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial function in induced neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) which were reprogrammed from fibroblasts of eight MDD patients and eight non-depressed controls. We found significantly lower maximal respiration rates, altered cytosolic basal calcium levels, and smaller soma size in NPCs derived from MDD patients. These findings are partially consistent with our earlier observations in MDD patient-derived fibroblasts. Furthermore, we differentiated MDD and control NPCs into iPS-neurons and analyzed their passive biophysical and active electrophysiological properties to investigate whether neuronal function can be related to altered mitochondrial activity and bioenergetics. Interestingly, MDD patient-derived iPS-neurons showed significantly lower membrane capacitance, a less hyperpolarized membrane potential, increased Na+ current density and increased spontaneous electrical activity. Our findings indicate that functional differences evident in fibroblasts derived from MDD patients are partially present after reprogramming to induced-NPCs, could relate to altered function of iPS-neurons and thus might be associated with the aetiology of major depressive disorder

Mitochondrial and Cellular Function in Fibroblasts, Induced Neurons, and Astrocytes Derived from Case Study Patients: Insights into Major Depression as a Mitochondria-Associated Disease

The link between mitochondria and major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly evident, underscored both by mitochondria’s involvement in many mechanisms identified in depression and the high prevalence of MDD in individuals with mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism are increasingly considered to be involved in MDD’s pathogenesis. This study focused on cellular and mitochondrial (dys)function in two atypical cases: an antidepressant non-responding MDD patient (“Non-R”) and another with an unexplained mitochondrial disorder (“Mito”). Skin biopsies from these patients and controls were used to generate various cell types, including astrocytes and neurons, and cellular and mitochondrial functions were analyzed. Similarities were observed between the Mito patient and a broader MDD cohort, including decreased respiration and mitochondrial function. Conversely, the Non-R patient exhibited increased respiratory rates, mitochondrial calcium, and resting membrane potential. In conclusion, the Non-R patient’s data offered a new perspective on MDD, suggesting a detrimental imbalance in mitochondrial and cellular processes, rather than simply reduced functions. Meanwhile, the Mito patient’s data revealed the extensive effects of mitochondrial dysfunctions on cellular functions, potentially highlighting new MDD-associated impairments. Together, these case studies enhance our comprehension of MDD

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Evaluacija dva biopesticida u suzbijanju Tetranychus urticae i Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) u plasteniku i polju

The mycopesticide Naturalis (based on Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040) and botanical pesticide Kingbo (based on oxymatrine, an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese herb) were tested against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on greenhouse vegetables and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) on apples. These biopesticide products were applied twice at 5-day interval and concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2%, and their effectiveness was compared to abamectin-based products and the synthetic acaricides acrinathrin and spirodiclofen, applied once at their recommended rates. The mycopesticide Naturalis, applied at 0.1% concentration against T. urticae on cucumber, reduced mite population density by 85-86%, achieving 91-93% efficacy. In a trial on tomato, efficacy reached some 96%, while population density was reduced by 93%. In a field trial on apple, Naturalis demonstrated an increasing and long-lasting effectiveness against the summer population of P. ulmi of nearly 100%, and population reduction was achieved in assessments 30 days after the first treatment. Naturalis applied at a double rate achieved a somewhat better effect but only in the first trial. The botanical pesticide Kingbo, applied at 0.1% concentration, demonstrated very high control efficacy (≥98%) and population density reduction (≥96%) of T. urticae in both trials. A high and long-lasting effectiveness of this bioacaricide was also achieved in a trial on P. ulmi. Its concentration of 0.2% achieved similar effect. The results in these trials indicate that applications of the mycopesticide Naturalis and the botanical pesticide Kingbo can provide effective control of T. urticae on cucumber and tomato grown in greenhouses, as well as P. ulmi on apple.Ispitivana je efektivnost mikopesticida Naturalis (na bazi Beauveria bassiana, soj ATCC 74040) i botaničkog pesticida Kingbo (na bazi oksimatrina, alkaloida iz biljke Sophora flavescens, poznate u kineskoj tradicionalnoj madicini) u suzbijanju obične paučinaste grinje (Tetranychus urticae) na povrću u plasteniku i crvene voćne grinje (Panonychus ulmi) na jabuci. Ovi biopesticidi su primenjeni dva puta u razmaku od 5 dana, u koncentracijama 0,1% i 0,2%, a njihova efektivnost je upoređena sa akaricidima na bazi abamektina, akrinatrina i spirodiklofena, primenjenim jednom u preporučenim koncentracijama. Mikopesticid Naturalis, primenjen u koncentraciji 0,1% protiv T. urticae na krastavcu, redukovao je gustinu populacije za 85-86% i ostvario efikasnost 91-93%. U ogledu na paradajzu, efikasnost je dostigla 96%, dok je populaciona gustaina redukovana za 93%. U ogledu u zasadu jabuke, Naturalis je pokazao rastuću i dugotrajnu efikasnost u suzbijanju letnje populacije P. ulmi: u oceni 30 dana posle prvog tretiranja zabeleženi su gotovo 100% efikasnost i redukcija populacione gustine. Efektivnost preparata Naturalis primenjenog u dvostruko većoj koncentraciji bila je nešto bolja, ali samo u prvom ogledu. Botanički pesticid Kingbo je pokazao visoku efikasnost (≥98%) i redukciju populacione gustine (≥96%) u oba ogleda sa T. urticae. U ogledu suzbijanja P. ulmi postignuta je visoka i dugotrajna efektivnost ovog bioakaricida. Koncentracija 0,2% ostvarila je slične efekte. Rezultati ovih ogleda pokazuju da se primenom preparata Naturalis i Kingbo obezbeđuje efikasno suzbijanje T. urticae na krastavcu i paradajzu u plasteniku, kao i P. ulmi na jabuci

Dislocation after primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty – Hip geometry and risk factors (A matched cohort analysis)

© 2020, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved. Introduction/Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if patient-related factors, such as hospitalization length and preoperative use of walking aids, and geometrical factors, measured with antero-posterior radiographs of hip, affect the risk of hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. Methods A total of 36 of 433 (8.31%) patients with hip dislocation were identified in the institutional registry during a two-year period. The data for patients with and without hip dislocation were matched and compared. Results Hip dislocation more often occurred in patients who had used walking aids before the opera-tion compared to the ones who had not (p 0.005). Conclusion Several factors which influence hip dislocation were identified in this study: patient characteristics and radiograph characteristics. Both groups of factors require attention and monitoring in future studies