Doença Covid-19. Relatório do primeiro caso confirmado em Córdoba (Argentina) e revisão da literature

La enfermedad COVID-19 es una infección respiratoria producida por un virus denominado coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), el cual se transmite principalmente a través de gotas respiratorias eliminadas por un paciente infectado cuando tose, estornuda o habla. En el siguiente texto se describen los síntomas, signos y resultados de laboratorio y tomografía solicitados al primer paciente confirmado de enfermedad COVID-19 en Córdoba, Argentina. Además se comenta el manejo del paciente de forma domiciliaria mediante telemedicina y su evolución hasta el alta con posterior resolución de la enfermedad.publishedVersionFil: Milanesio, Martín. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Clínica Médica; Argentina.Fil: Escudero, Daiana. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Infectología; Argentina.Fil: Caeiro, Juan Pablo. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Infectología; Argentina

Hemofilia adquirida: Relatório de quatro casos

Introduction: Acquired hemophilia is a hemostasis disorder that occurs due to the presence of inhibitory autoantibodies that are directed against coagulation factor VIII. Clinically, it is manifested by spontaneous bleeding mainly in the skin and soft tissues, and unlike hereditary hemophilia ,the presence of hemarthrosis is infrequent. Although many cases are idiopathic, secondary causes must be sought since their treatment is key in the prognosis of the disease. Among these, the presence of autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, drugs, pregnancy, and postpartum stand out. Treatment is based on hemostatic measures to control the bleeding, and therapies to erradicate the autoantibody. Methodology: In the following manuscript we describe four patients with acquired hemophilia its etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Results: All four patients had resolution of the bleeding after specific treatment. Conclusion: Acquired hemophilia is a rare disorder of hemostasis that should be suspected in patients with extensive spontaneous hematomas without prior coagulopathy. Although in many cases an underlying etiology is not found, secondary causes must be sought since their treatment is key to the patient\u27s evolution.Introducción: La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno de la hemostasia que se produce por la presencia de autoanticuerpos inhibidores dirigidos contra el factor VIII de la coagulación. Clínicamente se manifiesta por sangrados espontáneos principalmente en piel y tejidos blandos, y a diferencia de la hemofilia hereditaria, la presencia de hemartrosis es infrecuente. Si bien muchos casos son idiopáticos, se deben buscar causas secundarias ya que el tratamiento de las mismas es clave en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Dentro de estas destacan la presencia de neoplasias, enfermedades autoinmunes, fármacos, embarazo y postparto. El tratamiento se basa en medidas hemostáticas y terapias que permitan erradicar el autoanticuerpo. Metodología: En el siguiente manuscrito describimos cuatro pacientes con hemofilia adquirida con diferentes etiologías, tratamientos y pronóstico. Resultados: Los cuatro pacientes presentaron resolución del sangrado tras el tratamiento específico. Conclusión: La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno raro de la hemostasia que debe sospecharse en pacientes con hematomas extensos espontáneos sin coagulopatía previa. Si bien en muchos casos no se encuentra una etiología subyacente, deben buscarse causas secundarias ya que el tratamiento de las mismas es clave para la evolución del paciente. Introdução: A hemofilia adquirida é um distúrbio da hemostasia causado pela presença de autoanticorpos inibitórios dirigidos contra o fator VIII de coagulação. Clinicamente, manifesta-se por sangramento espontâneo principalmente na pele e tecidos moles e, ao contrário da hemofilia hereditária, a presença de hemartrose é incomum. Embora muitos casos sejam idiopáticos, as causas secundárias devem ser buscadas, pois seu tratamento é fundamental no prognóstico da doença. Dentre estes, destacam-se a presença de neoplasias, doenças autoimunes, medicamentos, gravidez e puerpério. O tratamento é baseado em medidas hemostáticas e terapias que permitem a erradicação do autoanticorpo. Metodologia: No manuscrito a seguir, descrevemos quatro pacientes com hemofilia adquirida com diferentes etiologias, tratamentos e prognósticos. Resultados: Todos os quatro pacientes tiveram resolução do sangramento após tratamento específico. Conclusão: A hemofilia adquirida é um distúrbio raro de hemostasia que deve ser suspeitado em pacientes com hematomas espontâneos extensos sem coagulopatia prévia. Embora em muitos casos não seja encontrada uma etiologia subjacente, as causas secundárias devem ser buscadas, pois seu tratamento é fundamental para a evolução do paciente

Reacción leucoeritroblástica asociada a infección por COVID-19. Reporte de caso

Introducción: La enfermedad COVID-19 es una neumonía viral aguda con múltiples manifestaciones extrapulmonares dentro de las cuales se incluyen ciertas alteraciones hematológicas. La reacción leucoeritroblástica o leucoeritroblastosis se define por la presencia en sangre periférica de células eritroides nucleadas y mieloides inmaduras. Dentro de sus causas más frecuentes se encuentra la invasión medular por tumores sólidos y neoplasias hematológicas, por lo que el reconocimiento y consecuente estudio de dicha reacción es sumamente importante. Hasta el momento sólo se ha reportado a nivel mundial un único caso de enfermedad COVID-19 asociado a reacción leucoeritroblástica en pacientes adultos. Metodología: En el siguiente manuscrito describimos la presencia de leucoeritroblastosis en un masculino internado por COVID-19, en el cual se descartaron múltiples causas secundarias. Resultados: El paciente presentó resolución de la leucoeritroblatosis a medida que sus síntomas respiratorios se resolvieron. Conclusión: La enfermedad COVID-19 podría ser una nueva causa conocida de reacción leucoeritroblástica aunque creemos necesario un mayor número de casos reportados para afirmar que la asociación no fue al azar.publishedVersionFil: Milanesio, Martín. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Suasnabar, David Francisco. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Giaj-merlera, Alejandro. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Cebreros, Rocío Gabriela. Hospital Raúl Ángel Ferreyra; Argentina.Fil: Marucco, Federico Ariel. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina

Effect of including a hydrophobic comonomer on the rheology of an acrylamide-acrylic acid based copolymer

Synthesis and design of polymer systems based on acrylamide for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is essential for reservoirs with high salinity and high temperature conditions. The use of associative monomers or the modification of the polymers with hydrophobic functional groups represents a promising alternative that extends the use of chemical EOR. In this study, terpolymers based on acrylamide, acrylic acid and butyl methacrylate were synthesized and the rheological properties of aqueous solutions of the obtained polymers at different pH values, and salt concentrations were evaluated. The results show that at alkaline conditions the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a polymer synthesized with 68.6 wt% of acrylamide, 22.9 wt% of acrylic acid and 8.6 wt% of butyl methacrylate increases by a factor of more than 1,000 at a 3 wt% concentration. Also, all polymers with the hydrophobic modification showed higher viscosity in saline solutions compared to their acrylamide-acrylic acid analogue.Fil: Juárez Data, Roger Martín Noé. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Mattea, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Strumia, Miriam Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Milanesio, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; Argentin

Phase Equilibria of CO2 + n-Alkane Binary Systems in Wide Ranges of Conditions: Development of Predictive Correlations Based on Cubic Mixing Rules

The phase equilibria of binary CO2 + n-alkane mixtures have been studied by an important number of authors, both experimentally and using different types of thermodynamic models. Modeling studies of the phase behavior of such highly nonideal systems have generally achieved only partially accurate results in the correlation of phase equilibrium data when considering wide ranges of temperature, pressure, and n-alkane molecular weight. In this study, a predictive correlation for the phase behavior of CO2 + n-alkane systems, based on a three-parameter cubic equation of state (EOS), that is, the RK-PR EOS, coupled to cubic mixing rules (CMRs), is developed and tested. CMRs have been shown to be capable of an accurate correlation of the phase equilibria asymmetric CO2 + n-alkane binary systems, in wide ranges of temperature and pressure, when using system-specific interaction parameters. For developing the predictive correlation a critical review of published experimental data for the series was carried out, covering a total of about 100 references. An important degree of inaccuracy or scatter is often found when comparing data sets from different laboratories, specially for the more asymmetric systems (CO2 + a long chain n-alkane). Tables of references covering CO2 + n-alkane systems from C1 to C36 are presented for different types of experimental data, including critical end points (CEPs), critical points, liquid–liquid–vapor (LLV) equilibrium, and isobaric (Txy), isothermal (Pxy), and isoplethic (PT) two-phase equilibrium data sets. Examples of disagreement between different sets of data are presented and discussed. In some cases, a decision concerning the identification of the set that should be regarded as the most reliable, can be based on the experimental method employed, on the purity of the n-alkane, and on the observation of other data for conditions, and/or systems in the series, which are close to those of the data set under scrutiny. Nevertheless, the availability of such information is not enough, in other cases, to assess the quality of a given data set, where we have either different data sets in disagreement or a unique set, for which we are in doubt about its accuracy. In such situation, a predictive correlation for the whole series of binary systems is helpful to make a decision on the possible level of reliability of a given phase equilibrium data set. The present study is useful both to make decisions on conflicts between contradictory phase equilibrium data sets and to predict the phase equilibria of binary systems that have no experimental information available in the literature.Fil: Cismondi Duarte, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Reartes, Sabrina Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Milanesio, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Zabaloy, Marcelo Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Direct detection of double retrograde behavior in binary systems for equation of state models

In this work, a straightforward methodology is proposed to establish at a glance, for binary systems, whether a model of the equation of state type predicts the occurrence of double retrograde behavior (DRB), and to also establish what the ranges of conditions of DRB existence are. This is accomplished by computing three hyper-lines, which usually are highly non linear. One of them is the vapor-liquid critical line. The other two are loci of cricondenbar points and of cricondentherm points. Each line is efficiently calculated in a single computer run by resorting to a robust numerical continuation method.Fil: Ramello, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Milanesio, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pisoni, Gerardo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Cismondi Duarte, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zabaloy, Marcelo Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

The effect of the naphthenic ring on the VLE of (carbon dioxide + alkane) mixtures

Isothermal (vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary systems (carbon dioxide + cyclopentane) and (carbon dioxide + cyclohexane) were determined using a (static + analytical) method with phases sampling by rapid online sample injectors (ROLSI) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. The VLE behaviour for these systems was also analysed based on the PR and RKPR equations of state (EoS) and different available data from the literature, both critical and subcritical. It is clearly shown how CO 2 is more soluble and miscible with normal alkanes than with the corresponding cycloalkanes. Predictions based on the general correlation of available data in wide ranges of conditions suggest the appearance of double retrograde behaviour at least for (CO 2 + cyclohexane) mixtures with very low contents of the hydrocarbon in CO 2 , being this phenomenon very much related to asymmetry of the system. The existence of this phenomenon has not been experimentally confirmed yet for these systems and should be explored.Fil: Sima, Sergiu. Politehnica University of Bucharest; RumaniaFil: Milanesio, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Ramello, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Cismondi Duarte, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Secuianu, Catinca. Politehnica University of Bucharest; RumaniaFil: Feroiu, Viorel. Politehnica University of Bucharest; RumaniaFil: Geană, Dan. Politehnica University of Bucharest; Rumani

Elevação da enzima creatina fosfoquinase em dois hospitais de terceiro nível de Córdoba: Elevação da enzima creatina fosfoquinase

Introduction: HyperCKemia  is defined as the elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels greater than 1.5 times the upper limit (CK>285 U/L), being produced by multiple causes, which vary according different populations. The main objective of the study was to know the frequency of hyperCKemia in two hospitals in Córdoba and its main causes. Methods: Retrospective analytical study in two hospitals in Córdoba, Argentina, where all patients over 18 years of age who presented CK values ​​greater than 285 U/L on at least 2 occasions in a period between 1 and 4 weeks were identified, between the years 2015 and 2017. Results: 254 patients with hyperCKemia were identified, the majority were male (n=181, 71.3%) and their median age was 65 years (interquartile range 25-75%=50-73 years). The main causes of hyperCKemia were ischemic myopathy in 99 (39%) patients and drug-induced myopathies in 45 (17.7%), with statins being the most frequently involved drugs in 31 cases. In only 3.1% of the cases the final diagnosis was not reached. Drug-induced hyperCKemias, when compared to other causes, occurred more frequently in patients with a history of chronic kidney disease (9/45 [20%] vs 18/209 [8.6%], p = 0.025) and in non-smokers (41/45 [91.1%] vs. 157/209 [75.1%], p=0.019). Main conclusion: 254 cases of hyperCKemia were observed, the main causes being of ischemic origin and secondary to drug use, especially statins.Introducción: Se denomina hiperCKemia a la elevación de niveles de creatinfosfoquinasa (CK) mayor a 1,5 veces el límite superior(CK>285 U/L), siendo producida por múltiples causas, que varían según las poblaciones de estudio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue conocer la frecuencia de hiperCKemia en dos hospitales de la Ciudad de Córdoba y sus principales causas. Metodología: Estudio analítico retrospectivo en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Córdoba en Argentina, donde se identificaron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años que presentaron valores de CK mayores a 285 U/L en al menos 2 oportunidades en un período entre 1 y 4 semanas, entre los años 2015 y 2017. Resultados: Se identificaron 254 pacientes con hiperCKemia, la mayoría eran de sexo masculino (n=181, 71.3%) y su mediana de edad fue 65 años (rango intercuartil 25-75%=50-73 años). Las principales causas de hiperCKemia fueron la miopatía isquémica en 99 (39%) pacientes y las miopatías inducidas por drogas en 45 (17.7%), siendo las estatinas las drogas más frecuentemente involucradas en 31 casos. En sólo el 3.1% de los casos no se arribó al diagnóstico final. Las hiperCKemias inducidas por drogas al compararse con las otras causas, se presentaron más frecuentemente en pacientes con antecedente de enfermedad renal crónica (9/45[20%] vs 18/209[8.6%], p=0.025) y en no tabaquistas(41/45[91.1%] vs 157/209[75.1%], p=0.019) . Conclusión: Se observaron 254 casos de hiperCKemia, siendo sus principales causas de origen isquémico y secundario a consumo de fármacos, especialmente por estatinas.Introdução: HiperCKemia refere-se à elevação dos níveis de creatina quinase (CK) maior que 1,5 vezes o limite superior (CK> 285 U / L), sendo produzida por múltiplas causas, que variam de acordo com as populações estudadas. O objetivo principal do estudo foi conhecer a frequência da hiperCKemia em dois hospitais da cidade de Córdoba e suas principais causas. Métodos: Estudo analítico retrospectivo em dois hospitais da cidade de Córdoba na Argentina, onde todos os pacientes maiores de 18 anos que apresentaram valores de CK superiores a 285 U/L em pelo menos 2 ocasiões em um período entre 1 e 4 semanas foram identificados, entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. Resultados: Foram identificados 254 pacientes com hiperCKemia, a maioria do sexo masculino (n = 181, 71,3%) e a mediana de idade foi de 65 anos (intervalo interquartil 25-75%= 50-73 anos). As principais causas de hiperCKemia foram miopatia isquêmica em 99 (39%) pacientes e miopatias induzidas por medicamentos em 45 (17,7%), sendo as estatinas os medicamentos mais frequentemente envolvidos em 31 casos. Em apenas 3,1% dos casos o diagnóstico final não foi alcançado. As hiperCKemia induzidas por medicamentos, quando comparadas a outras causas, ocorreram com mais frequência em pacientes com história de doença renal crônica (9/45[20%] vs. 18/209[8,6%], p=0,025) e em não fumantes (41/45 [91,1%] vs. 157/209 [75,1%], p = 0,019). Conclusão: Foram observados 254 casos de hiperCKemia, sendo as principais causas de origem isquêmica e secundárias ao uso de drogas, principalmente estatinas

Barley starch

This thesis examined barley amylopectin structure and looked for correlations between the structure and physical properties of starch. The structure of amylopectin and gelatinisation and retrogradation of starch were studied in 10 different barley cultivars/breeding lines with differing genetic background. Amylopectin is built up of thousands of chains of glucose monomers, organised into clusters. The detailed fine structure of amylopectin was studied by isolating clusters of amylopectin and their building blocks, which are the tightly branched units building up the clusters. Barley cultivars/breeding lines possessing the amo1 mutation had fewer long chains of DP≥38 in amylopectin and more large building blocks. The structure of building blocks was rather conserved between the different barley cultivars/breeding lines studied and was categorized into different size groups. These different building blocks were shown to be randomly distributed in the amylopectin molecule. The C-chains in amylopectin can be of any length and are a category of chains different from the B-chains. The backbone in amylopectin consists of a special type of B-chains which, when cleaved by α-amylase, become chains of a similar type to C-chains. Gelatinisation and retrogradation (recrystallisation of gelatinised starch) of barley starch was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The amo1 mutation resulted in a broader gelatinisation temperature range and a higher enthalpy of retrogradation. Other structural features were also found to influence the physical properties of starch. Small clusters and denser structure of the building blocks resulted in higher gelatinisation temperature. Fast retrogradation was observed in barley which had amylopectin with shorter chains and many large building blocks consisting of many chains. Amylopectin structure was also studied in developing barley kernels. Three barley cultivars/breeding lines were grown in a phytotron and kernels were harvested at 9, 12 and 24 days after flowering. The results showed that amylopectin synthesized at later stages of development had a more tightly branched structure. Expression of the enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis is also known to change during endosperm development