Novel α-L-Fucosidases from a Soil Metagenome for Production of Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides

This paper describes the discovery of novel α-L-fucosidases and evaluation of their potential to catalyse the transglycosylation reaction leading to production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. Seven novel α-L-fucosidase-encoding genes were identified by functional screening of a soil-derived metagenome library and expressed in E. coli as recombinant 6xHis-tagged proteins. All seven fucosidases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 29 (GH 29). Six of the seven α-L-fucosidases were substrate-inhibited, moderately thermostable and most hydrolytically active in the pH range 6-7, when tested with para-nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside (pNP-Fuc) as the substrate. In contrast, one fucosidase (Mfuc6) exhibited a high pH optimum and an unusual sigmoidal kinetics towards pNP-Fuc substrate. When tested for trans-fucosylation activity using pNP-Fuc as donor, most of the enzymes were able to transfer fucose to pNP-Fuc (self-condensation) or to lactose. With the α-L-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima and the metagenome-derived Mfuc5, different fucosyllactose variants including the principal fucosylated HMO 2'-fucosyllactose were synthesised in yields of up to ~6.4%. Mfuc5 was able to release fucose from xyloglucan and could also use it as a fucosyl-donor for synthesis of fucosyllactose. This is the first study describing the use of glycosyl hydrolases for the synthesis of genuine fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides

Digitale prøver – et litteraturstudie

Digitale prøveformer bliver efterhånden mere og mere udbredte. Denne artikel er baseret på et litteraturstudie foretaget for at få indsigt i primært forskningslitteraturen om digitale prøveformer. I artiklen præsenterer vi de forskellige typer digitale prøver, der omtales og diskuteres i litteraturen, og vi beskriver de potentielle fordele af bl.a. økonomisk, administrativ og pædagogisk karakter, der ifølge litteraturen kan opnås ved at bruge digitale prøver. Vi beskriver endvidere de udfordringer og potentielle ulemper, der kan være forbundet med indførelse af digitale prøver. Det drejer sig bl.a. om udfordringer hvad angår prøvesystem, organisation, teknologi, kompetenceudvikling og uddannelseskultur. Vi beskriver i artiklen en række konkrete eksempler på digitale prøver, og vi præsenterer resultater fra undersøgelser af underviseres og studerendes oplevelser med digitale prøveformer. Against the backdrop of the rapid spread of digitized tests and exams, this article sets out to present some of the results of a literature study carried out with the aim of gaining insight into the research literature on this topic. The article presents different types of tests, focusing on the financial, administrative, and pedagogical advantages described and discussed in the literature as potentially attainable through the use of digitized exams. In addition, the challenges and potential problems connected with the introduction of digitized tests are described. Among these are challenges related to the test system or to competence development as well as organizational, technological, and cultural challenges. Finally, the article provides concrete descriptions of tests and presents results from select studies of teacher and student experiences of digitized tests

Levels of circulating insulin cell-free DNA in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome:a longitudinal cohort study

Correlations between clinical measurements and unmethylated and methylated INScfDNA at baseline and at follow-up. (XLSX 14 kb

Disposisjonelle faktorer og militær seleksjon. En studie av hardiness, lederpotensial og rollen til mestringstro

Hovedoppgave psykologprogrammetPROPSY317PRPSY

Prehospital Release of Patients After Treatment in an Anesthesiologist-Staffed Mobile Emergency Care Unit

IMPORTANCE: Prehospital treatment and release of patients may reduce unnecessary transports to the hospital and may improve patient satisfaction. However, the safety of patients should be paramount. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of unplanned emergency department (ED) contacts, short-term mortality, and diagnostic patterns in patients treated and released by a prehospital anesthesiologist supervising a mobile emergency care unit (MECU). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used a manual review of prehospital and in-hospital medical records to investigate all living patients who were treated and released by an MECU in Odense, Denmark, between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. Patients were followed up for 30 days after initial contact with the prehospital service. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome measures included unplanned contacts with the emergency department less than 48 hours after prehospital treatment and prehospital assigned diagnosis. Secondary outcomes consisted of mortality at 48 hours and 7 and 30 days. RESULTS: A total of 3141 patients were identified; 384 were excluded and 2757 were included in the analysis. The median patient age was 40 (IQR, 14-66) years; 1296 (47.0%) were female and 1461 (53.0%) were male. Two hundred thirty-nine patients (8.7% [95% CI, 7.6%-9.8%]) had unplanned contact with the ED within 48 hours; this rate was doubled for patients with respiratory diseases (37 of 248 [14.9% (95% CI, 10.7%-20.0%)]). Fifty-nine of 60 patients who died within 48 hours of release had terminal illness. Excluding these patients, the mortality rates were 0.04% at 48 hours, 0.8% at 7 days, and 2.4% at 30 days. Two thousand sixty-one patients (74.8%) had primarily nondefinitive observational diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this cohort study suggest that prehospital treatment and subsequent release at the scene is safe. One patient in 12 attended the ED within the ensuing 48 hours. However, for patients with respiratory diseases, this rate was doubled. Hospital admission could be avoided for some patients in the end stage of a terminal illness

Effect of propofol and remifentanil on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in pigs:a systematic review

The objective of this review is to evaluate the existing literature with regard to the influence of propofol and remifentanil total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in healthy pigs. Anaesthesia has influence on cerebral haemodynamics and it is important not only in human but also in veterinary anaesthesia to preserve optimal regulation of cerebral haemodynamics. Propofol and remifentanil are widely used in neuroanaesthesia and are increasingly used in experimental animal studies. In translational models, the pig has advantages compared to small laboratory animals because of brain anatomy, metabolism, neurophysiological maturation, and cerebral haemodynamics. However, reported effects of propofol and remifentanil on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in pigs have not been reviewed. An electronic search identified 99 articles in English. Title and abstract screening selected 29 articles for full-text evaluation of which 19 were excluded with reasons. Of the 10 peer-reviewed articles included for review, only three had propofol or remifentanil anaesthesia as the primary study objective and only two directly investigated the effect of anaesthesia on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation (CPO). The evidence evaluated in this systematic review is limited, not focused on propofol and remifentanil and possibly influenced by factors of potential importance for CPO assessment. In one study of healthy pigs, CPO measures were within normal ranges following propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia, and addition of a single remifentanil bolus did not affect regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)). Even though the pool of evidence suggests that propofol and remifentanil alone or in combination have limited effects on CPO in healthy pigs, confirmative evidence is lacking

The transcriptome of corona radiata cells from individual MII oocytes that after ICSI developed to embryos selected for transfer: PCOS women compared to healthy women

BACKGROUND: Corona radiata cells (CRCs) refer to the fraction of cumulus cells just adjacent to the oocyte. The CRCs are closely connected to the oocyte throughout maturation and their gene expression profiles might reflect oocyte quality. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility. It is controversial whether PCOS associate with diminished oocyte quality. The purpose of this study was to compare individual human CRC samples between PCOS patients and controls. METHODS: All patients were stimulated by the long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol. The CRC samples originated from individual oocytes developing into embryos selected for transfer. CRCs were isolated in a two-step denudation procedure, separating outer cumulus cells from the inner CRCs. Extracted RNA was amplified and transcriptome profiling was performed with Human Agilent® arrays. RESULTS: The transcriptomes of CRCs showed no individual genes with significant differential expression between PCOS and controls, but gene set enrichment analysis identified several cell cycle- and DNA replication pathways overexpressed in PCOS CRCs (FDR < 0.05). Five of the genes contributing to the up-regulated cell cycle pathways in the PCOS CRCs were selected for qRT-PCR validation in ten PCOS and ten control CRC samples. qRT-PCR confirmed significant up-regulation in PCOS CRCs of cell cycle progression genes HIST1H4C (FC = 2.7), UBE2C (FC = 2.6) and cell cycle related transcription factor E2F4 (FC = 2.5). CONCLUSION: The overexpression of cell cycle-related genes and cell cycle pathways in PCOS CRCs could indicate a disturbed or delayed final maturation and differentiation of the CRCs in response to the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) surge. However, this had no effect on the in vitro development of the corresponding embryos. Future studies are needed to clarify whether the up-regulated cell cycle pathways in PCOS CRCs have any clinical implications. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-014-0110-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Experimental investigation of an integrated renovation solution combining diffuse ceiling ventilation and double skin façade

A novel renovation solution was proposed recently by integrating diffuse ceiling ventilation and double skin façade. This study presents an experimental investigation on the performance of the novel solution in a small-scale classroom. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential in combining the diffuse ceiling ventilation principle with the double-skin façade through the thermal comfort and passive energy performance evaluation in two operation modes: heating mode and cooling mode. The performance of the novel solution was compared to a traditional renovation solution installed in an identical room. The results showed that the novel solution achieved comparable or even superior thermal comfort than traditional renovation solution. In winter, the DSF is able to recover the transmission loss through the glazing and capture the heat gain by solar radiation. The heat recovery rate can reach up to 1.2 when solar radiation was strong. In summer, the air ventilated the DSF cavity and served as an air curtain to remove part of the heat gain. Consequently, it reduces the heat gain to the room and maintains lower indoor temperature than the traditional solution. Benefit of the further activation of thermal mass, the novel solution can reduce the peak operative temperature and shift the peak hour to later of the days. Further research is needed to optimize the system's control strategies and integrate solar shading device in the control strategy