Oral hygiene instruction based on visual caries risk was effective to reduce salivary SM bacteria levels: A case report

Summary In this case, a high dental caries risk was identified in the initial examination was initiated to reduce and dental plaque control SM bacteria levels in saliva. The effect of reducing SM bacteria levels in saliva was confirmed, and this effect continued even after 6 months. It was suggested that dental plaque control using visual materials such as specific guidance on tooth surface cleaning methods, phase-contrast microscopy, and SM bacteria culture results was effective to maintain patient motivation. It was found that this method has a marked effect not only on grasping the test values but also on the motivation of the patient

The effect of the timing of prenatal X-irradiation on Purkinje cell numbers in rat cerebellum

Exposure of the developing brain to X-irradiation in utero is known to cause various deleterious consequences. We have previously reported the effects of prenatal X-irradiation on the development of the cerebral cortex in rats. We have now extended this study to examine the effects of such X-irradiation on the development of the cerebellum. Wistar rats were exposed to 1.5 Gy X-irradiation either on days 14, 15 or 16 of gestation (E14, E15, E16). Sham-irradiated animals were used as controls. At seven postnatal weeks of age, male rats from each group were deeply anesthetized and killed by intracardiac perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The unbiased stereological procedure known as the fractionator method was used to estimate the total number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of each animal. Body and cerebellar weights from E14 and E15, but not E16 irradiated rats showed significant deficits compared to control animals. Rats irradiated on E16 and control rats had about 285 100-304 800 Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. There was no significant difference between these values. However, E14 and E15 irradiated animals had about 117 500 and 196 300 Purkinje cells, respectively. These estimates were significantly different from those observed in both control and E16 irradiated rats. Given that the phase of division of Purkinje cell progenitors is mainly between E14-E15 and the phase of differentiation and migration is between E16-E20, it is concluded that the vulnerable period of the Purkinje cells to X-irradiation closely overlaps the phase of division of progenitors