Under pressure to achieve? : the impact of type and style of task instructions on student cheating

Combining principles of Achievement Goal Theory, which maintains that performance goals play a key role in individuals' likelihood of cheating, and Self-Determination Theory, which highlights the importance of autonomy support and autonomous motivation underlying achievement goals, we examined whether the combination of experimentally inducing a mastery-approach (relative to performance-approach) goal with an autonomy-supportive manner (instead of controlling) may attenuate cheating. In two experiments carried out with university students, one classroom based (N = 164) and one laboratory (N = 160), we manipulated the type of induced goal (performance-vs. mastery-approach) and style of introducing the goal (i.e., controlling vs. autonomy-supportive) by taking also into consideration participants' values. We hypothesized that the least behaviorally observed cheating would occur in a context promoting mastery-approach goals in an autonomy-supportive way and among individuals low in self-enhancement value adherence. The dependent variables in both studies consisted of two set of exercises, both including questions that could only be solved by cheating. Results of Poisson regression analyses revealed that in both studies the least cheating in the first set of exercises occurred in the autonomy-supportive/mastery-approach condition, indicating that this induced goal complex has the greatest potential to restrain academic dishonesty in the short-term. Interaction effects with self-enhancement value adherence revealed that the cheating inhibitory effects of this induced goal complex was less effective for those who value power and achievement

Échanges en surface dans le modèle de chimie transport multi-échelles MOCAGE

Les échanges en surface dans le Modèle de Chimie Transport (MCT) multi-échelles MOCAGE de Météo-France comprennent à la fois les flux d'émissions et de dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses. Une interface 2D a été développée entre MOCAGE et le modèle de prévisions météorologiques opérationnel français ARPEGE dans le but de calculer des flux à la surface réalistesPour les émissions, un inventaire global est employé pour le moment; cet inventaire a été construit essentiellement à partir des inventaires des programmes IGAC/GEIA (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry / Global Emission Inventory Activity) et EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research qui ont des résolutions temporelles annuelles, sai-sonnières ou mensuelles et une résolution spatiale de un degré.Le dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses, y compris l'ozone, le dioxyde de soufre, les composés azotés, les composés organiques à longue et à courte durée de vie, a été paramétrisé selon [Wesely, 1989]. Le modèle calcule la vitesse de dépôt à partir de valeurs de trois résistances en série, les résistances aérodynamique, laminaire et de la surface. Ces résistances sont calculées en utilisant les champs de surface d'ARPEGE. Les champs liés à la végétation, tels l'indice foliaire, sont prescrits avec une résolution de un degré sur le globe et de cinq minutes sur l'Europe. Un certain nombre de modifications a été apporté à la paramétrisation de [Wesely, 1989], par exemple pour la formulation de la résistance stomatale et celle de la résistance de surface sur les surfaces mouillées. Les valeurs calculées de vitesse de dépôt ont été comparées à des observations et leurs distributions spatiales et temporelles ont été analysées sur deux saisons opposées (hiver et été, sur les différents domaines de MOCAGE, de résolution allant de 2 degrés pour le globe à 0.25 degrés pour la France.Surface exchanges considered in the MOCAGE multiscale Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) of Météo-France include both emissions and dry deposition of gaseous species. To compute realistic time-dependent fluxes at the surface, a 2D interface between MOCAGE and ARPEGE, the French operational numerical weather prediction model, was developed.With regard to emissions, a default global inventory is presently employed. Built mainly from the IGAC/GEIA (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry / Global Emission Inventory Activity) and the EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research programs, this inventory has an annual, seasonal or monthly temporal resolution, and a degree-by-degree spatial resolution.Dry deposition of gaseous species, including ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen-containing com-pounds, long-lived and short-lived intermediates organic compounds, were parameterised ac-cording to [Wesely, 1989]. The model calculates dry deposition velocities from three resistances in series: aerodynamic, laminar, and surface. These resistances are computed using the surface fields obtained from the analyses or forecasts of ARPEGE. Vegetation fields such as the Leaf Area Index are prescribed with a one-degree spatial resolution at the global scale, and a five-minute resolution over Europe. A number of modifications was incorporated into the original surface resistance scheme (e.g., the formulation of stomatal resistance and surface resistance over wet surfaces. Calculated dry deposition velocities were compared to observations, and the spatial and temporal distributions were analysed for two different seasons (summer and winter) using the varions MOCAGE domains of varying resolutions (from 2 degrees over the globe to 0.25 degrees over France)

Molecular effect of an OPTN common variant associated to Paget's disease of bone

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic bone disorder and although genetic factors appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis, to date PDB causing mutations were identified only in the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene at the PDB3 locus. PDB6 locus, also previously linked to PDB, contains several candidate genes for metabolic bone diseases. We focused our analysis in the most significantly associated variant with PDB, within the Optineurin (OPTN) gene, i.e. the common variant rs1561570. Although it was previously shown to be strongly associated with PDB in several populations, its contribution to PDB pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study we have shown that rs1561570 may contribute to PDB since its Tallele results in the loss of a methylation site in patients' DNA, leading to higher levels of OPTN gene expression and a corresponding increase in protein levels in patients' osteoclasts. This increase in OPTN expression leads to higher levels of NF-KB translocation into the nucleus and increasing expression of its target genes, which may contribute to the overactivity of osteoclasts observed in PDB. We also reported a tendency for a more severe clinical phenotype in the presence of a haplotype containing the rs1561570 T allele, which appear to be re-enforced with the presence of the SQSTM1/P392L mutation. In conclusion, our work provides novel insight towards understanding the functional effects of this variant, located in OPTN intron 7, and its implication in the contribution to PDB pathogenesis.national funds from Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/Multi/04326/2013]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Canada [MOP130457]; CHU de Quebec Foundation; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-sante; Laval University; CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval Research Centre; FCT [SFRH/BD/77227/2011, SFRH/BPD/111898/2015]; Fonds de recherche Quebec-Sante (FRQ-S), Quebec, Canad

Πωλήσεις αυτοκινήτων στην Αθήνα: Μια ανάλυση χρονολογικών σειρών (2000-2012).

102 σ.Στη παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία λαμβάνει χώρα η μακροοικονομική μελέτη του οικονομικού κύκλου των πωλήσεων νέων και μεταχειρισμένων Ι.Χ. στην Αθήνα, καθώς και η εκτίμηση των βασικών προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν τις διακυμάνσεις στις πωλήσεις Ι.Χ. Τα στοιχεία πωλήσεων Ι.Χ. της μελέτης αφορούν το χρονικό διάστημα Σεπτεμβρίου του 2000 έως το Δεκέμβριο του 2012. Η στατιστική μελέτη έγινε με τη χρήση του πακέτου STATA και μέσω κατάλληλων οικονομετρικών τεχνικών που παρουσιάζονται στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία. Οι μεταβλητές που ερμηνεύουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό, τον οικονομικό κύκλο στις πωλήσεις Ι.Χ. είναι το ΑΕΠ, η τιμή καυσίμων, η ανεργία, τα τέλη ταξινόμησης, τα δάνεια, τα τεκμήρια και η ελληνική οικονομική κρίση. Από τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης αυτής γίνεται κατανοητό ότι ο κύκλος των πωλήσεων την περίοδο της οικονομικής κρίσης τείνει να αποσταθεροποιείται αφού το πλάτος του μειώνεται σε σύγκριση με την περίοδο πριν από την οικονομική κρίση και αλλάζει σε σημαντικό βαθμό η μορφή του.This diploma Dissertation studies the business cycle in the sales of new and used cars in Athens and the assessment of factors affecting the fluctuations in sales. The data refer to the period from September 2000 to December 2012. In this work, we use the statistical package STATA and appropriate econometric techniques. Variables, related to a significant extent to the business cycle in car sales are: GDP, price of fuel, unemployment, taxes, loans, presumptions and the Greek economic crisis. The results of this research imply that the car-sales cycle tends to be destabilized since the amplitude during the crisis period is smaller than in the pre-crisis period and the magnitude of the cycle changes significantly.Αριάδνη Γ. Μίχο

Defining production units for research: an experience in Upper Volta

Chlorine and sulfur are of paramount importance for supporting the transport and deposition of ore metals at magmatic– hydrothermal systems such as the Coroccohuayco Fe–Cu–Au porphyry–skarn deposit, Peru. Here, we used recent parti- tioning models to determine the Cl and S concentration of the melts from the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite using apatite and amphibole chemical analyses. The pre-mineralization gabbrodiorite complex hosts S-poor apatite, while the syn- and post-ore dacitic porphyries host S-rich apatite. Our apatite data on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite are consistent with an increasing oxygen fugacity (from the gabbrodiorite complex to the porphyries) causing the dominant sulfur species to shift from S2− to S6+ at upper crustal pressure where the magmas were emplaced. We suggest that this change in sulfur specia- tion could have favored S degassing, rather than its sequestration in magmatic sulfides. Using available partitioning models for apatite from the porphyries, pre-degassing S melt concentration was 20–200 ppm. Estimates of absolute magmatic Cl concentrations using amphibole and apatite gave highly contrasting results. Cl melt concentrations obtained from apatite (0.60 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.2–0.3 wt% for the porphyries) seems much more reasonable than those obtained from amphibole which are very low (0.37 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.10 wt% for the porphyries). In turn, rela- tive variations of the Cl melt concentrations obtained from amphibole during magma cooling are compatible with previous petrological constraints on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite. This confirms that the gabbrodioritic magma was initially fluid undersaturated upon emplacement, and that magmatic fluid exsolution of the gabbrodiorite and the pluton rooting the porphyry stocks and dikes were emplaced and degassed at 100–200 MPa. Finally, mass balance constraints on S, Cu and Cl were used to estimate the minimum volume of magma required to form the Coroccohuayco deposit. These three estimates are remarkably consistent among each other (ca. 100 km3) and suggest that the Cl melt concentration is at least as critical as that of Cu and S to form an economic mineralization

Dispositional achievement motives matter for autonomous versus controlled motivation and behavioral or affective educational outcomes

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The present study investigated whether autonomous and controlled situational achievement motivation function as mediating processes through which dispositional achievement motives are manifested in affective and behavioral outcomes. Structural Equation Modeling with three student samples (Greek N = 440; Belgian N = 283; German N = 264) indicated that need for achievement related positively to positive affect and adaptive studying strategies via autonomous motivation. In contrast, fear of failure related positively to negative affect and negatively to adaptive studying strategies via controlled motivation. Additionally, dispositional achievement motives were directly related to affect outcomes verifying their affect-base as argued in achievement motivation theory. The importance of individual differences in achievement motive dispositions for situational autonomous and controlled motivation is discussed