Análise da viabilidade de implementação de ferramenta educomunicativa para formação continuada em Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis

Abstract. Educommunication can be a strategy for health promotion by communicating, informing, and updating health professionals. From this perspective, the general objective of the study is to recognize the profile of those enrolled in the Continuing Education in Sexually Transmitted Infections and Combined Prevention, called "InformaAção," for the implementation of an educommunicative tool. The research was characterized as a qualitative cross-sectional study, evaluating a structured and virtual data collection instrument for health professionals, students, and those interested in the subject. Among the 120 subscribers, 86.7% are female, with the age groups between 20 and 44 years old being the most representative. Health professionals accounted for 55.8%, students 40%, and professionals from other areas 4.2% of those enrolled; 99.2% have access to the internet and consider learning possible exclusively through Information and Communication Technologies (94.2%), and 86.7% have already participated in training courses on digital platforms and 46.6% of those enrolled have already carried out training in the area of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Combined prevention was the highest vulnerability listed about guidance, and the main demands for training were an immunological window, counseling, post-test guidance, and integrated prevention. In this way, we consider that continuing education for health professionals, in practice or training can be a strategy to qualify this public to provide equitable health care and universal access, and the implementation of educommunicative tools can be allied as a model distance learning to carry out continuing education in health.   Keywords: Visual media. Digital inclusion. Continuing education. Digital knowledge. A educomunicação pode ser uma estratégia para a promoção da saúde, no sentido de comunicar, informar e atualizar profissionais da saúde. Sob essa perspectiva, o objetivo geral do estudo é reconhecer o perfil dos inscritos na Formação Continuada em Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Prevenção Combinada, denominada "InformaAção” para a implementação de ferramenta educomunicativa. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo transversal qualitativo, com avaliação de instrumento de coleta de dados estruturado e virtual para profissionais de saúde, estudantes e interessados no tema. Entre os 120 inscritos, 86,7% são do sexo feminino, as faixas etárias entre 20 e 44 anos foram as mais representativas. Os profissionais de saúde representaram 55,8%, estudantes 40% e profissionais de outras áreas 4,2% dos inscritos; 99,2% têm acesso à internet e consideram possível o aprendizado exclusivamente por meio de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (94,2%) e 86,7% já participaram de cursos de formação em plataformas digitais e 46,6 % dos inscritos já realizaram capacitação na área de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. A prevenção combinada foi a maior vulnerabilidade elencada em relação às orientações e as principais demandas para capacitações foram janela imunológica, aconselhamento, orientação pós-teste e prevenção combinada. Dessa forma, consideramos que a formação continuada para profissionais de saúde, em exercício ou em formação, pode ser uma estratégia para qualificar esse público para o atendimento com cuidados equitativos em saúde e o acesso universal e a implementação de ferramentas educomunicativas podem ser aliadas como modelo de ensino a distância para a realização de formação continuada em saúde.   Palavras-chave: Mídia visual. Inclusão digital. Formação continuada. Conhecimento digital.

Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans strains and genotoxicity assessment in human leukocyte cells of Euphorbia tirucalli L.

In the last times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world. Euphorbia tirucalli L., a plant known popularly as Aveloz, and originally used in Africa, has been drawing attention for its use in the United States and Latin America, both for use as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant. E. tirucalli L. is a member of the family Euphorbiaceae and contains many diterpenoids and triterpenoids, in particular phorbol esters, apparently the main constituent of this plant, which are assumed to be responsible for their activities in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia tirucalli (L.) against opportunistic yeasts were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that aqueous extract and latex preparation were effective against ten clinical strains of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro (Latex and extract MIC range of 3.2 - > 411 g/mL). Aiming the safe use in humans, the genotoxic effects of E. tirucalli were evaluated in human leukocytes cells. Our data show that both aqueous extract and latex preparation have no genotoxic effect in human leukocytes cells in vitro. Although the results cannot be extrapolated by itself for use in vivo, they suggest a good perspective for a therapeutic application in future. In conclusion, our results show that the aqueous extract and latex preparation from E. tirucalli L. are antifungal agents effectives against several strains of C. neoformans and do not provoke DNA damage in human leukocyte cells, considering the concentrations tested

Recursos tecnológicos de um contexto escolar: estrutura, práticas pedagógicas e concepções

Este artigo teve como objetivos investigar o contexto de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental da fronteira oeste gaúcha e sua infraestrutura tecnológica, bem como os dados dos professores referentes às suas concepções prévias e práticas pedagógicas a respeito de recursos tecnológicos. Durante o percurso metodológico adotou-se na pesquisa a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte professores e um gestor da escola. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, fundamentada na análise categorial. Como resultados constatou-se que a escola selecionada para o estudo possuía uma estrutura deficitária, levando em consideração a quantidade de alunos, demandas e sua comunidade escolar. Sobre as concepções prévias quanto a recursos tecnológicos, verifica-se que os professores têm uma visão mais limitada sobre o termo, remetendo mais às ferramentas digitais e às novas tecnologias. Ao final, referente às suas práticas pedagógicas, os resultados também indicam que os professores na sua maioria costumam utilizar os recursos tecnológicos de vídeos e projetores de modo a ilustrar o conteúdo trabalhado em aula

Ambiente Virtual de Ensino em Laboratórios de Química (AQuí): Expandindo o Ensino no YouTube:

Digital information and communication technology tools have been used as allies in teaching. Chemistry teaching sometimes requires practical activities in laboratories to elucidate the content better, and using videos aimed at this approach can help in the teaching-learning process. This descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study aims to describe the production of manual videos to handle equipment in chemistry laboratories and analyze the scope of the material produced and made available on the "Projeto AQuí" channel on YouTube. Undergraduate students' teaching material was prepared, following the pre-production, production, and post-production steps described in this work. Through the indicators obtained by Google Analytics, it was possible to verify the impact of the material produced. Through the comments left voluntarily on the page, it was possible to perceive viewers' satisfaction with the material. Based on the metrics analyzed, the "Projeto AQuí" channel on YouTube fulfills its proposal to disseminate material on laboratory operations, with a national and international reach.   Keywords: DICT. Technology in education.Video. Laboratory equipment.As ferramentas de tecnologia digitais da informação e comunicação vem sendo utilizadas como aliadas no ensino. O ensino de química por vezes necessita de atividades práticas em laboratórios para melhor elucidar o conteúdo, e utilizar vídeos voltados para esta abordagem podem auxiliar no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Este estudo, de caráter descritivo, qualitativo e quantitativo, tem por objetivo descrever a confecção de vídeos-manuais voltados ao manuseio de equipamentos em laboratórios de química, e analisar o alcance e a satisfação do material produzido e disponibilizado no canal “Projeto AQuí” no YouTube. O material didático foi elaborado por alunos de graduação, seguindo os passos de pré-produção, produção e pós produção descritos neste trabalho. Através dos indicadores obtidos pelo YouTube Analytics, foi possível verificar o alcance do material produzido, e através dos comentários deixados voluntariamente na página foi possível perceber a satisfação dos espectadores com o material. Com base nas métricas analisadas, o canal “Projeto AQuí” no YouTube cumpre sua proposta de divulgação de material sobre operações laboratoriais, com um alcance nacional e internacional, sendo utilizado por instituições de ensino técnico e de ensino superior.   Palavras-chave: TDIC. Material didático. Tecnologia na educação. Vídeo. Equipamentos de laboratório

El extracto de Momordica charantia modula la respuesta inflamatoria en linfocitos humanos a través de la supresión de TNF-α

Introducción: Momordica charantia L. es ampliamente utilizada para consumo y medicina tradicional debido a sus actividades biológicas. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre los efectos del melón amargo en las células sanas. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos del extracto de Momordica charantia en linfocitos humanos aislados, especialmente en aspectos inflamatorios, citotóxicos, genotóxicos y mutagénicos. Método: Para ello se preparó un extracto hidroetanólico con frutos y semillas y se procedió a la identificación y cuantificación fitoquímica. Los linfocitos humanos purificados se expusieron a 12,5, 25 y 50 µg/mL de extracto de Momordica charantia durante 24 horas y después de este período. Resultados: Los datos mostraron que el extracto de Momordica charantia no indujo citotoxicidad, alteraciones en la frecuencia de micronúcleos, ni actividad de interleucina-6, interleucina-10 ciclooxigenasa-2 y producción de óxido nítrico; sin embargo, causó daño en el ADN y una disminución de TNF-α en las condiciones experimentales y células aplicadas. Conclusiones: Nuestros datos proponen un proceso antiinflamatorio generado por Momordica charantia mediado por la reducción de TNF-α.Introduction: Momordica charantia L. is widely used for consumption and traditional medicine due to its biological activities. Nevertheless, little is known about the effects of bitter melon on healthy cells. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Momordica charantia extract in human isolated lymphocytes, especially on inflammatory, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity aspects. Method: For this, we prepared a hydroethanolic extract with fruits and seeds and proceeded with phytochemical identification and quantification. The human purified lymphocytes were exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL of Momordica charantia extract for 24h and, after this period. Results: The data showed that the Momordica charantia extract did not induce cytotoxicity, micronucleus frequency alterations, or interleukin-6, interleukin-10 cyclooxygenase-2 activity and the production of nitric oxide; however, it caused DNA damage and a decrease of TNF-α under the experimental conditions and cells applied. Conclusions: Our data propose an anti-inflammatory process generated by Momordica charantia mediated by TNF-α reduction

Evaluation of basil extract ( Ocimum basilicum L.) on oxidative, anti-genotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects in human leukocytes cell cultures exposed to challenging agents

Ocimum is one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family. Several studies about basil and its popular use reveal many characteristics of the herb, including its use as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, and cardiovascular agents, among others. In this paper, we evaluated genotoxic, oxidative, and anti-inflammatory parameters from the extract of Ocimum basilicum in different concentrations, using human leukocytes cultures exposed to challenging agents. Our results confirm that the O. basilicum extract acts as an antioxidant and effectively reverts or subjugates the effects of high oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. These actions are attributed to its composition, which is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids as well as compounds such as rosmarinic acid, all of which have well-known antioxidant activity. We also show that our basil extract presents anti-inflammatory properties, the mechanism of which is a composed interaction between the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator and the stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Although pharmacodynamics studies are necessary to evaluate the activities in vivo, our results demonstrated that basil could act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and a possible alternative for medicinal treatment

Preliminary in vitro assessment of the potential toxicity and antioxidant activity of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hill) Ravenna (Paineira)

The bark tea of Ceiba speciosa, a tropical tree of the Malvaceae family, is used in the Northwestern Region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, to reduce blood cholesterol levels. However, there are no scientific data on the efficacy and safety of this plant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and toxic potential of bark extracts of C. speciosa. We performed a preliminary phytochemical analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and evaluated the oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, the radical scavenging effect, and genotoxicity of the lyophilized aqueous extract (LAECs) and the precipitate obtained from the raw ethanol extract (Cs1). The phytochemical profile demonstrated the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The LAECs and Cs1 prevented damage to lipids and proteins at concentrations of 50 and 10 µg/mL. They also showed a scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricril-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, no genotoxic effect was observed at concentrations of 10, 5 and 2 µg/mL in the Comet assay. The present study is the first evaluation regarding the characterization of C. speciosa and its safety, and the results demonstrate its antioxidant potential and suggest that its therapeutic use may be relatively safe

Validation of an analytical method by high-performance liquid chromatography and microbiological assay, biological safety and in silico toxicity for danofloxacin

Danofloxacin is a veterinary fluoroquinolone used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases of birds, pigs and cattle. The literature reviewed shows some analytical methods to quantify this fluoroquinolone, but microbiological and biological safety studies are limited. The analytical methods were validated by the Official Codes. The LC-DAD method was developed and validated using an RP-18 column, mobile phase containing a mixture of 0.3% triethylamine (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). The microbiological assay was performed by agar diffusion method (3 x 3) and Staphylococcus epidermidis as a microorganism test. Forced degradation studies were performed in both methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by test microdilution and toxicity studies were evaluated using in silico study, cell proliferation, cell viability test, micronuclei and comet assay. LC and a microbiological assay proved linear, accurate, precise, and robust to quantify danofloxacin, but only the LC method showed selectivity to quantify the drug in the presence of its degradation products. These results demonstrate that the LC method is suitable for stability studies of danofloxacin, but a microbiological assay cannot be used to quantify the drug due to the biological activity of the photoproducts. Ex-vivo cytotoxicity and theoretical and experimental genotoxicity were also observed

Essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata preserve myocardial contractility and does not present immunotoxicity

The essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata, in the Myrtaceae family, has a demonstrated antihypertensive effect, but its effects on heart muscle and its toxicity have not yet been elucidated. Little chemical or biological data are available for E. sulcata, whether emphasizing the beneficial effects or the pharmacological security of this species. This study aims to evaluate myocardial contractility and to analyze angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and myosin ATPase activities associated with use of this essential oil. In addition, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of E. sulcata essential oil. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated daily for 30 days (10 mg/kg of oil) to evaluate the isometric force of the papillary muscle, ACE measured by fluorimetry, and myosin ATPase activities by inorganic phosphate. Lymphocyte cultures were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and mutagenicity of the essential oil. The results demonstrate that the treatment did not change the cardiac contraction force and did not alter the functioning of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, extrusion of the membrane calcium, or modify the membrane calcium channels or β-adrenergic receptor activity. Tetanic contractions were potentiated in the SHR animals. Myosin ATPase activity was also increased in the SHR animals. Cardiac ACE activity was reduced in both animal strains, and the serum ACE was reduced only in the SHR animals. The essential oil did not cause cytotoxicity or mutagenicity and presented low DNA damage. Our results demonstrated that the essential oil does not change myocardial contractility and does not present relevant immunotoxicity