Cultural Symbiosis in Society Relationship: Philosophy and Psychological Perspectives

In this article I want to share the idea of relationship symbiosis and its effects on the future of marriage and breakdowns in couples. Symbiosis is the connection two people find between them at the beginning of relationships that cause initial attraction and the decision making process to marry or cohabitate. Culture plays a significant role in symbiosis along with development issues from the type of parental style experienced in early childhood

Robust Interval-Based Localization Algorithms for Mobile Sensor Networks

International audienceThis paper considers the localization problem in mobile sensor networks. Such a problem is a challenging task, especially when measurements exchanged between sensors may contain outliers, \textit{i.e.}, data not matching the observation model. This paper proposes two algorithms robust to outliers. These algorithms perform a set-membership estimation, where only the maximal number of outliers is required to be known. Using these algorithms, estimates consist of sets of boxes whose union surely contains the correct location of the sensor, provided that the considered hypotheses are satisfied. This paper proposes as well a technique for evaluating the number of outliers to be robust to. In order to corroborate the efficiency of both algorithms, a comparison of their performances is performed in simulations using Matlab

Robust bounded-error tracking in wireless sensor networks

International audienceA wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed sensors connected via a wireless link. Sensors may be designed for pressure, temperature, sound, vibration, motion... This paper considers the problem of target tracking in a WSN. This problem is especially challenging in presence of measurements which are outliers. Two algorithms for target tracking robust to outliers are proposed. They only assume that the maximum number of outliers is known. Based on interval analysis, these algorithms perform a set-membership estimation using either SIVIA or a combinatorial technique. In both cases, sets of boxes guaranteed to contain the actual target location are provided

Genetic heterogeneity in autosomal dominant optic atrophy

Purpose: Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is a hereditary optic neuropathy characterized by progressive visual loss in childhood, color vision anomalies, visual field defects and temporal pallor of the optic disc. This disease has been mapped to a 1.4 cM interval in chromosome 3q28-29 between markers D3S3669 and D3S3562. One family was mapped to chromosome 18q12.2-12.3. Linkage analysis in three families with autosomal dominant optic atrophy with polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 3q28-29 and 18q12.2-12.3. Methods: 57 individuals from three families underwent ophthalmological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. Linkage analysis was performed between the disease and 11 polymorphic markers around 3q28-qter and 18q12.2-12.3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments sizes were identified in a scanner gel using a 373 DNA sequencer. These numbers were used as alleles for pedigree analysis. The lod scores were calculated using the MLINK program. Results: All three families presented optic atrophy with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, variable expression and high penetrance. Two families were linked to 3q28-29 markers. A maximal lod score of 3.56, at a recombination fraction of zero, was obtained using the marker D3S3669 in one family. The linkage area was defined in a 2 cM interval by haplotype analysis between markers D3S2418 and D3S1305, because patients III.4 and III.14 showed crossing-overs. The third family was not linked to 3q28-29 neither to 18q12.2-12.3. Conclusions: There is genetic heterogeneity in autosomal dominant optic atrophy, because the third family did not map to any known locus. And a third locus for this disease may exist.Objetivos: A atrofia óptica autossômica dominante, tipo Kjer ou juvenil, é neuropatia óptica hereditária que causa perda de acuidade visual, anormalidades da visão de cores e defeitos do campo visual, caracterizada por palidez do disco óptico. O gene desta doença foi mapeado por análise de ligação genética em um intervalo de 1,4 cM no cromossomo 3q28-29 entre os marcadores microssatélites D3S3669 e D3S3562. Embora a maioria das famílias estudadas tenha mostrado ligação para a região cromossômica 3q28-29, uma família foi mapeada no cromossomo 18q12.2-12.3. Este trabalho analisa a ligação da atrofia óptica em três famílias com marcadores polimórficos para os cromossomos 3q28-29 e 18q12.2-12.3. Métodos: Cinqüenta e sete indivíduos de três famílias foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico e coleta de sangue. O DNA foi extraído e amplificado em reações de polimerase em cadeia (PCR) com marcadores polimórficos para os cromossomos 3q28-29 e 18q12.2-12.3. Os fragmentos de PCR foram mensurados em seqüenciador automático (373 DNA sequencer). Estes números foram utilizados como alelos para análise de haplótipos. Os lod scores foram calculados pelo programa MLINK. Resultados: Na primeira família houve suspeita da atrofia óptica mapear para o cromossomo 3q28-29, mas sem significância estatística no valor do lod score. Na segunda família a atrofia óptica apresentou ligação para este locus. Os eventos de recombinação nesta família localizaram o gene num intervalo de 2 cM entre os marcadores D3S3669 e D3S2305. O lod score máximo obtido foi de 3,56 no theta de 0,00 com o marcador D3S3669. A terceira família não apresentou ligação nos cromossomos 3q28-29 e 18q12.2-12.3. Conclusão: O fato da terceira família não mapear para nenhum dos dois loci já descritos é indicativo de que existe heterogeneidade genética na atrofia óptica autossômica dominante e levanta a possibilidade de existir um terceiro locus para esta doença.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OftalmologiaJohns Hopkins Hospital Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins Center for Hereditary Eye DiseasesUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

Stability of novel cow-hitch suture button coracoid bone graft fixation in Latarjet procedures: a biomechanical study

BACKGROUND The Latarjet procedure is widely used to address anterior shoulder instability, especially in case of glenoid bone loss. Recently, cortical suture button fixation for coracoid transfer has been used to mitigate complications seen with screw placement. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the stability of a novel and cost-effective cow-hitch suture button technique, designed to be performed through a standard open deltopectoral approach, and compare this to a well-established double suture button technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly assigned 12 fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders to undergo the Latarjet procedure with either 4 suture button (S&N EndoButton) fixations (SB group; n = 6, age 72 ± 9.8 years) or cow-hitch suture button technique using a 1.7-mm FiberTape looped sequentially in 2 suture buttons (Arthrex Pectoralis Button) placed from anterior on the posterior glenoid (CH-SB group; n = 6, age 73 ± 9.3 years). After fixation, all shoulders underwent biomechanical testing with direct loading on the graft via a material testing system. Cyclic loading was performed for 100 cycles (10-100 N) to determine axial displacement with time; each graft was then monotonically loaded to failure. RESULTS The maximum cyclic displacement was 4.3 ± 1.6 mm for the cow-hitch suture button technique and 5.0 ± 1.7 mm for the standard double suture button technique (P = .46). Ultimate load to failure and stiffness were, respectively, 190 ± 82 N and 221 ± 124 N/mm for the CH-SB technique and 172 ± 48 N and 173 ± 34 N/mm for the standard double SB technique (P = .66 and .43). The most common failure mode was suture cut-through at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid for both fixation groups. CONCLUSIONS The cow-hitch suture button technique resulted in a similar elongation, stiffness, and failure load compared to an established double suture button technique. Therefore, this cost-effective fixation may be an alternative, eligible for open approaches, to the established double suture button techniques

Occurrence of solar retinopathy after religious ritual in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

PURPOSE: To present a series of patients with solar retinopathy after direct solar observation during a religious ritual in Londrina City, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: 24 patients with visual alterations were evaluated after their participation in a religious ritual. Data of the initial and final visit after 6 months of follow-up are presented and include best corrected visual acuity, refraction, color fundus picture, macular biomicroscopy, Amsler's screen and contrast sensibility. RESULTS: A total of 24 cases was reported. Of these, 21 (87.5%) were females and 3 (12.5%) males. Age varied from 18 to 46 years. A total of 43 eyes were damaged. The lesion was bilateral in 19 (79.2%) patients and in 5 (20.8%) it was unilateral. The initial visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/70, and the final visual acuity was 20/25 or better in 40 (93%) eyes. Of these, 33 (76.7%) eyes reached 20/20 or the last follow-up visit. Only 2 (4.6%) eyes presented alteration in the sensibility to contrast and 3 (6.9%) remained with persistent scotoma. CONCLUSION: This is the largest series of solar retinopathy after religious ritual. The cases herein presented showed a quite favorable evolution. However recovery of visual acuity is not complete, once scotoma and residual metamorphopsia persisted in a few patients.OBJETIVO: Relato de uma série de casos de retinopatia solar após a observação direta do sol durante ritual religioso na cidade de Londrina. MÉTODOS: 24 pacientes com alteração da visão após participarem de ritual religioso, foram avaliados quanto à acuidade visual inicial e final, após 6 meses, refração, biomicroscopia de mácula, retinografia, tela de Amsler e sensibilidade ao contraste. RESULTADOS: 24 casos foram relatados. Destes, 21 (87,5%) eram mulheres e 3 (12,5%) eram homens. A idade variou de 18 a 46 anos. Houve acometimento de 43 olhos. A lesão foi bilateral em 19 (79,2%) pacientes e unilateral em 5 (20,8%). A acuidade visual inicial variou de 20/20 a 20/70 e a final foi de 20/25, ou melhor, em 40 (93%) olhos. Destes, 33 (76,7%) olhos alcançaram 20/20. Apenas 2 (4,6%) olhos ficaram com alteração da sensibilidade ao contraste e 3 (6,9%) ficaram com escotoma persistente. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o maior relato de casos de retinopatia solar após ritual religioso. A retinopatia solar apresenta evolução bastante favorável. No entanto, a acuidade visual não apresenta recuperação completa da visão. Os pacientes podem ficar com escotoma e metamorfopsia residual.Universidade Estadual de Londrina Departamento de OftalmologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

Threshold retinopathy of prematurity in children undergoing exogenous endotracheal surfactant therapy

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in any stage and its threshold form in premature infants, either treated or non-treated with exogenous surfactant to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and evaluate the response of eyes with threshold retinopathy to ablation treatment. METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight premature infants who weighed 1500 grams or less and/or who had a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, were screened for ROP by ophthalmoscopy. We compared findings in 40 patients treated with exogenous endotracheal surfactant, with those of 128 patients who did not require such therapy. Ablation of ischaemic peripheral retina, either with laser or cryotherapy, was applied in cases of threshold ROP. For statistical analysis Student's t, qui-square, Kruskal-Wallins and Fisher's exact tests were used, with p value of < 0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: ROP, in any stage, occurred in 51,2% of children. Threshold ROP, requiring treatment, was found in 12 (7,4%) of them and regressed in 9. There was no significant difference between surfactant treated and non-treated patients, regarding the occurrence of ROP and threshold ROP. CONCLUSION: In this study frequency of ROP can be considered high, when compared with other series. Children with distress respiratory syndrome, treated with surfactant, did not show a higher risk of threshold ROP. Treatment was successfull in promoting disease regression.OBJETIVO: Estudar a freqüência da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) em qualquer estadiamento e da retinopatia da prematuridade limiar em prematuros que usaram ou não surfactante endotraqueal, para tratamento da síndrome da membrana hialina e avaliar a resposta dos olhos que necessitaram tratamento de ablação da retina periférica. MÉTODOS: Cento e sessenta e oito prematuros, nascidos com 1.500 gramas ou menos e/ou idade gestacional de 32 semanas ou menos, foram triados para a ROP por avaliação oftalmoscópica. Foram comparados os achados de 40 crianças tratadas pelo surfactante endotraqueal com os de 128 que não precisaram desta terapia. A ablação da retina periférica, com laser ou crioterapia, foi realizada nos pacientes com ROP limiar. Para análise estatística foram usados os testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis, além do teste exato de Fisher com significância para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A ROP, em qualquer estadiamento, ocorreu em 51,2% dos casos. ROP limiar ocorreu em 12 pacientes (7,4%). Não houve diferença, estatisticamente significativa, entre os pacientes que usaram e os que não usaram o surfactante, em relação à presença de ROP e de ROP limiar. Com o tratamento de ablação da retina periférica, 9 (75%) dos 12 bebês com ROP limiar tiveram regressão da doença. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência da ROP nesta casuística pode ser considerada elevada quando comparada com outros estudos. Crianças com síndrome da membrana hialina, tratadas com o surfactante, não apresentaram maior risco de ROP limiar. O tratamento foi eficaz para promover regressão da ROP limiar.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL